Use of Macadamia Nutshell in the Production of Eucalyptus Salign Particleboards

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Santos Ferreira ◽  
Cristiane Inácio de Campos ◽  
Marcos Tadeu Tibúrcio Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Wood Panels

Alternative raw materials have been studied for the total or partial replacement of wood in wood panels, in order to decrease the use of wood and to recovery waste. The present study tested the influence on the physico-mechanical properties of the panels produced with particles of Eucalyptus saligna and macadamia nutshell. For this were produced panels in proportions of 0%, 30%, 60% and 100% with respect to the macadamia nutshells. With the obtained results it was noticed that the increasing of the nutshell proportion led to a decrease in the dimensional stability, internal bonding and bending strength. These results were primarily due to the geometry of the particles of macadamia nutshell, besides being thicker, not allowing a good interaction between them and the adhesive, they were shorter, reducing the bending strength.

scholarly journals Physico-mechanical and joint performance of bamboo veneer products manufactured by mould pressing

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 3823-3832
Author(s):  
Wenfu Zhang ◽  
Shaohua Gu ◽  
Cuicui Wang ◽  
Haitao Cheng ◽  
Ge Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Application Performance ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
Overall Bending ◽  
Comprehensive Property

Bamboo can be processed into engineering materials with excellent properties by reasonable processing methods. In this study, the performance of mould-pressed bamboo (MBP) veneer products was examined. The physical mechanical properties and connection properties of MPB were tested, and the application performance of the MPB was analyzed. The results show that MPB has a comprehensive property of high internal bonding and good dimensional stability, and its density and mechanical properties are similar to those of wood dimensional stock. The overall bending strength, bending modulus, and compression strength of MPB were 29.0 MPa, 6.83 GPa, and 15.6 MPa, respectively. While the overall carrying capacity was relatively low, the connection performance of BPM was good. Thus, it can be used as a connector or substructure.

scholarly journals Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot-Pressed Fe/FeAl2O4 Composite

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Kuai Zhang ◽  
Yungang Li ◽  
Hongyan Yan ◽  
Chuang Wang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Hot Press Sintering ◽  
Sintering Method

An Fe/FeAl2O4 composite was prepared with Fe-Fe2O3-Al2O3 powder by a hot press sintering method. The mass ratio was 6:1:2, sintering pressure was 30 MPa, and holding time was 120 min. The raw materials for the powder particles were respectively 1 µm (Fe), 0.5 µm (Fe2O3), and 1 µm (Al2O3) in diameter. The effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe/FeAl2O4 composite was studied. The results showed that Fe/FeAl2O4 composite was formed by in situ reaction at 1300 °C–1500 °C. With the increased sintering temperature, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Fe/FeAl2O4 composite showed a change law that initially became better and then became worse. The best microstructure and optimal mechanical properties were obtained at 1400 °C. At this temperature, the grain size of Fe and FeAl2O4 phases in Fe/FeAl2O4 composite was uniform, the relative density was 96.7%, and the Vickers hardness and bending strength were 1.88 GPa and 280.0 MPa, respectively. The wettability between Fe and FeAl2O4 was enhanced with increased sintering temperature. And then the densification process was accelerated. Finally, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Fe/FeAl2O4 composite were improved.

In Situ Preparation and Mechanical Properties of (ZrB2+ZrC)/Zr3[Al(Si)]4C6 Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 438-442
Author(s):  
Lei Yu ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Tai Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Fine Grain Strengthening ◽  
Uniform Microstructure

Fully dense (ZrB2+ZrC)/Zr3[Al (Si)]4C6 composites with ZrB2 content varying from 0 to 15 vol.% and fixed ZrC content of 10 vol.% were successfully prepared by in situ hot-pressing in Ar atmosphere using ZrH2, Al, Si, C and B4C as raw materials. With the increase of ZrB2 content, both the bending strength and fracture toughness of the composites increase and then decrease. The synergistic action of ZrB2 and ZrC as reinforcements shows significant strengthening and toughing effect to the Zr3[Al (Si)]4C6 matrix. The composite with 10 vol.% ZrB2 shows the optimal mechanical properties: 516 MPa for bending strength and 6.52 MPa·m1/2 for fracture toughness. With the increase of ZrB2 content, the Vickers hardness of the composites shows a near-linear increase from 15.3 GPa to 16.7 GPa. The strengthening and toughening effect can be ascribed to the unique mechanical properties of ZrB2 and ZrC reinforcements, the differences in coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus between them and Zr3[Al (Si)]4C6 matrix, fine grain strengthening and uniform microstructure derived by the in situ synthesis reaction.

scholarly journals Effect of a Combination of Moderate-Temperature Heat Treatment and Subsequent Wax Impregnation on Wood Hygroscopicity, Dimensional Stability, and Mechanical Properties

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yang ◽  
Hong-Hai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Moderate Temperature ◽  
Temperature Heat Treatment

Wood is an environmentally friendly material, but some natural properties limit its wide application. To study the effect of a combination of heat treatment (HT) and wax impregnation (WI) on wood hygroscopicity, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties, samples of Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz wood were subjected to HT at a moderate temperature of 120 °C and a high temperature of 180 °C, for a 4 h duration. Subsequently, half of the 120 °C HT samples were treated with WI at 90 °C. The results showed that 180 °C HT and WI decreased the capacity of adsorption and liquid water uptake and swelled the wood significantly, while WI had the biggest reduction. The effect of 120 °C HT was significant only on decreasing the capacity of adsorption and the swelling of liquid water uptake. The bending strength (MOR) of wood decreased only after 180 °C HT, and 120 °C/4h HT and WI had no significant influence on MOR. The bending stiffness (MOE) increased significantly after 180 °C HT and WI, while 120 °C/4h HT had no significant influence on MOE. Therefore, the combination of moderate-temperature HT can act synergistically in the improvement of certain aspects of wood properties such as capacity of water adsorption and liquid water uptake. WI effectively improved wood hygroscopicity, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals BIFUNCTIONAL SYNTHETIC BINDINGS AS ALTERNATIVE FOR THE BEZFORMALDEHYDE PRODUCTION OF WOOD PLATE MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Игорь (Igor) Борисович (Borisovich) Катраков (Katrakov) ◽  
Вадим (Vadim) Иванович (Ivanovich) Маркин (Markin) ◽  
Петр (Petr) Владимирович (Vladimirovich) Колосов (Kolosov)
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Mesh Structure ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Pre Treatment

The paper presents the results of experiments on the production of wood board materials without the use of formaldehyde-containing resins. As the initial samples used sawdust of pine wood without and using cavitation pretreatment in a neutral medium. Bifunctional synthetic substances were selected as binders: phthalic and maleic acids and their anhydrides, glycols-ethylene glycol and butanediol-1,4, as well as equimolar two-component mixtures based on them with a concentration of 5-15%. The resulting presses were hot-formed at a temperature of 160 °C and a pressure of 10 MPa. As a result of the experiment, wood-based board materials of medium density with bending strength 11.0–46.0 MPa, water absorption for 24 hours – 1–115% and swelling in thickness over 24 hours – 3–100% are obtained. The most beneficial is the use of a 5% concentration of binders satisfying the standard. Cavitated pre-treatment of plant raw materials allows to increase the strength characteristics by 1.3 times. Samples with the best physicomechanical indexes are obtained when maleic acid and its anhydride are used as a binder and their mixtures with glycols. In IR spectroscopy it was determined that the main bonds forming the mesh structure of plate materials are ester ones.Thus, under the selected molding conditions, plate-free plate materials based on bifunctional synthetic binders with high environmental and physico-mechanical properties are obtained.

scholarly journals The effect of mat layers moisture content on some properties of particleboard

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Abdullah Istek ◽  
Ismail Ozlusoylu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
The Core ◽  
Internal Bonding Strength

In this study, the effect of mat moisture content on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard was investigated. The experimental boards were produced by using 40 % softwood, 45 % hardwood chips, and 15 % sawdust. The formaldehyde resin/adhesive was used in three-layers (bottom-top layer 12 %, core layer 8 %). Multi-opening press was used during manufacturing the experimental particleboards. The physical and mechanical properties of boards obtained were identified according to the TS-EN standards. The optimum core layer moisture content was determined as 6 % and 7 % according to the results, whereas the moisture content of bottom and top layers was 14 %. Under these moisture content conditions, the bending strength was found to be 13.3 N/mm², the modulus of elasticity in bending 2466 N/mm², and internal bonding strength 0.44 N/mm². The optimum bottom-top layer moisture content was determined to be between 13 % and 15 % and 6.5 % for the core layer.

scholarly journals Effects of heat and steam on the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of thermo-hygromechanically-densified sugar maple wood

BioResources ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 9212-9226
Author(s):  
Qilan Fu ◽  
Alain Cloutier ◽  
Aziz Laghdir
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Densification Process ◽  
Compression Set

Effects of heat and steam were investigated relative to the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of thermo-hygromechanically-densified sugar maple wood (Acer saccharum Marsh.). The densification process was performed at four temperatures (180 °C, 190 °C, 200 °C, and 210 °C) with and without steam. The hardness, bending strength, bending stiffness, and compression set recovery of the control and densified samples were determined. The effects of heat and steam on the density profile of the samples across thickness were also investigated. The results suggested that the effects of steam on the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of sugar maple wood were more important than that of heat’s influence. Compared to the samples densified without steam, the samples densified with steam showed higher values for hardness, bending strength, bending stiffness, compression set, and density, but much lower compression set recovery when treatment temperature was below 200 °C. High temperature combined with steam contributed to decreased compression set recovery. The lowest compression set recovery was obtained after the first swelling/drying cycle for all of the treatments. A higher weight loss occurred at 210 °C, which resulted in a noticeable decrease of wood density.

Chloride Resistance of Alkali Activated Slag Pastes with Fly Ash Replacement

2016 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Ladislav Pařízek ◽  
Vlastimil Bílek Jr. ◽  
Matěj Březina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Alkali Activated Slag ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Chloride Resistance ◽  
Activated Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

High energy requirements due to producing of Portland cement leads to a tendency to use secondary raw materials or completely new kind of materials. One of the possibilities is using the materials based on alkali activated slag (AAS). In this paper the influence of partial replacement of ground granulated blast furnace slag by fly ash in AAS pastes on mechanical properties and porosity of was investigated. For practical applications it is also necessary to know their resistance to environment such as salty water. Chloride resistance was investigated by setting the experiment as external chloride attack and measuring the changes of mechanical properties, porosity and composition of the pastes.

scholarly journals Thermal Behavior of Insulation Fiberboards Made from MDF and Paper Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Bita Moezzipour ◽  
Aida Moezzipour
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Today, recycling is becoming increasingly important. In recycling process, the product performance should also be considered. In this study, manufacturing insulation fiberboard, as a practical wood product from recycled fibers, was investigated. For this purpose, two types of waste (MDF wastes and waste paper) were recycled to fibers and used for producing insulation fiberboards. The target fiberboard density was 0.3 g/cm3. The ratio of waste paper to MDF waste recycled fibers (WP/RF) was considered at two levels of 70/30 and 50/50. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive was used as a variable in the board manufacturing process. The mechanical properties, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, and fire resistance of the boards were evaluated. Besides, the thermal stability of fiberboards was studied using thermal analysis including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results showed that the insulation fiberboards had admissible mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The manufactured boards displayed low thermal conductivity, which proved to be well competitive with other insulation materials. The fiberboards manufactured with PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 had higher fire resistance compared to other treatments. Additionally, results of thermal analysis showed that the use of PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 leads to improved thermal stability. Overall, the recycled fibers from MDF and paper wastes appear to be appropriate raw materials for manufacturing thermal insulation panels, and use of PVAc adhesive can significantly improve thermal and practical properties of insulation fiberboards.

Effect of Z Values on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Post-sintered Reaction Bonded β-SiAlON

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Li ◽  
Donghua Liu ◽  
Han Jin ◽  
Donghai Ding ◽  
Guoqing Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Reaction Bonding ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Before And After

Abstractβ-SiAlON materials with different Z values (Z=0.5–3) were fabricated by a reaction bonding combining post-sintering route using raw materials of Si, Al2O3, AlN, etc. The reaction bonded β-SiAlON (RB-β-SiAlON) were post-sintered at 1,750 °C for 6 h. Apparent porosity, bulk density, bending strength and Vicker’s hardness of the samples before and after post-sintering were tested. XRD results showed that the phase composition of both RB-β-SiAlON and post-sintered RB-β-SiAlON (PSRB-β-SiAlON) were β-SiAlON. For RB-β-SiAlON, the apparent porosity was decreased with the increase of Z values, while the strength and hardness was increased accordingly. After the post-sintering procedure, nearly full densified PSRB-β-SiAlON was obtained and the mechanical properties were significantly improved. The bending strength and Vicker’s hardness of the PSRB-β-SiAlON (Z=0.5) achieved 510 MPa and 16.5 GPa, respectively, which were as 2.7 and 6.7 times high as those of the corresponding RB-β-SiAlON. However, the strength and hardness of PSRB-β-SiAlON decreased with the increase of Z value due to the grain growth.

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