Relation between the Light Transmission of the Glazing System and Daylight Factor

2014 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
Kristián Kondáš ◽  
Stanislav Darula
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Simple Method

Windows are one of the most important parts of the building façade. Their main function is to ensure sufficient illumination of interiors and contact with outdoor environment, either directly or indirectly. The optical properties of the glazed part of these envelop apertures have significant influence on a lot of requirements, which have to be satisfied at the same time. The daylight distribution on the working plane is most affected by the glazing system’s light transmission. This study offers a simple method, how to find the appropriate value of the glazing system’s light transmission in relation to the Daylight Factor, in order to ensure the required daylight distribution in interior.

scholarly journals Temperature Dependence of Stress and Optical Properties in AlN Films Grown by MOCVD

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Wenwang Wei ◽  
Yi Peng ◽  
Jiabin Wang ◽  
Muhammad Farooq Saleem ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Sapphire Substrate ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Biaxial Stress ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Patterned Sapphire Substrate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nano Patterning

AlN epilayers were grown on a 2-inch [0001] conventional flat sapphire substrate (CSS) and a nano-patterned sapphire substrate (NPSS) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. In this work, the effect of the substrate template and temperature on stress and optical properties of AlN films has been studied by using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectrophotometer and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The AlN on NPSS exhibits lower compressive stress and strain values. The biaxial stress decreases from 1.59 to 0.60 GPa for AlN on CSS and from 0.90 to 0.38 GPa for AlN on NPSS sample in the temperature range 80–300 K, which shows compressive stress. According to the TEM data, the stress varies from tensile on the interface to compressive on the surface. It can be deduced that the nano-holes provide more channels for stress relaxation. Nano-patterning leads to a lower degree of disorder and stress/strain relaxes by the formation of the nano-hole structure between the interface of AlN epilayers and the substrate. The low crystal disorder and defects in the AlN on NPSS is confirmed by the small Urbach energy values. The variation in bandgap (Eg) and optical constants (n, k) with temperature are discussed in detail. Nano-patterning leads to poor light transmission due to light scattering, coupling, and trapping in nano-holes.

scholarly journals PCMs in Transparent Building Envelope: A SWOT Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Vigna ◽  
Lorenza Bianco ◽  
Francesco Goia ◽  
Valentina Serra
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Heat Flows ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Complex Solutions ◽  
Glass Unit

Building envelope can play a crucial role in building improvement efficiency and the adoption of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) coupled with transparent elements may (i) allow a better control of the heat flows from/to the outdoor environment, (ii) increase the exploitation of solar energy at building scale and (iii) modulate the light transmission to avoid glare effects. Starting from a literature review of experimental works, this research identifies the main possible integration of PCM in transparent/translucent building envelope components (in glazing, in shutters and in multilayer façade system) drawing a global picture potentials and limitations of these technologies. Transparent envelopes with PCMs have been classified from the simplest “zero” technology, which integrates the PCM into the double glass unit (DGU), to more complex solutions – with different numbers of cavities of the glass (TGU), different position of PCM layer (internal/external shutter), and in combination with other materials (TIM, aerogel, prismatic solar reflector, PCM curtain controlled by an electric pump). The results of the analysis are resumed in a SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats) analysis table to underline strengths and weaknesses of transparent building envelope components with PCMs, and to indicate opportunities and threats for future research and building application.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERBANKAN YANG GO PUBLIC DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2012 - 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astohar Astohar
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Going Public ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Net Interest Margin ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Interest Margin

Banking plays a role in economic development, namely in spurring economic growth. The main function of the bank is as a financial intermediary from parties who have excess funds with those who lack funds. The existence of the banking sector has an important role, which in the life of the community mostly involves services from the banking sector. Banking profitability is a ratio to determine the financial performance of banks. Research from Ali and Laksono (2017) is still interesting to develop both the variables and the object of research. In this study, the variable capital adequacy ratio (CAR) added with consideration that there were still differences between researchers.This study took the object of banks going public on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Banks that went public in 2016 were 43 banks. After checking as many as 26 banks that can be taken as samples through purposive random sampling technique. 17 banks that cannot be used as samples include going public in the year after 2012 and the absence of complete data. The analytical tool used is multiple regression equation test with the requirement to meet normal criteria and no classical assumption deviations occur.The results showed that the capital adequacy ratio (CAR), loan to deposit ratio (LDR), operational costs and operating income (BOPO) proved to have a negative and significant influence on banking profitability. Net interest margin (NIM) is proven to have a positive and significant influence on banking profitability. Non-performing loans (NPLs) are proven to have a negative and insignificant effect on banking profitability. Large variations in capital structure variables in banks that go public in Indonesia can be explained by variations in the variables of capital adequacy ratio (CAR), non-performing loans (NPL), loan to deposit ratio (LDR), operational costs and operating income (BOPO), net interest margin (NIM) is 92.3%.

A new and simple method for simulation of lattice mismatch on the optical properties of solar cells: A combination of DFT and FDTD simulations

Solar Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
Atiyeh Jamali ◽  
Mohaddeseh Saffari ◽  
Meysam Bagheri Tagani ◽  
H. Rahimpour Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Fdtd Simulations

Optical Thin Films of Metal Oxides Produced by the Sol-Gel Method for Photovoltaic Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Marek Szindler
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Wide Range

The use of thin films in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices is aimed at improving the physical properties of the substrate material. The modification of the surface of the silicon substrate is thus one of the greatest challenges in research on photovoltaic materials, in order to achieve even greater efficiency or better adapt their properties depending on the application. The technologies of applying layers vary depending on the effect to be obtained and the material from which the layer is formed. In practice, the most common method is chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition, and the most commonly applied optical materials are SiO2, TiO2 and Si3N4.This paper presents the results of investigations on morphology and optical properties of the prepared aluminium oxide thin films. Thin films were prepared with use of sol-gel spin coating method. Surface morphology studies were carried out using an atomic force microscope. To characterize the surface of the thin films, 3D images and histograms of the frequency of individual inequalities were made. In order to characterize the optical properties of Al2O3 thin films, the reflectance and light transmission tests were performed using a spectrophotometer. Optical constants were determined using a spectroscopic ellipsometer. Results and their analysis show that the sol-gel method allows the deposition of homogenous thin films of Al2O3 with the desired geometric characteristics and good optical properties. Uniform, continuous thin layers with a roughness not exceeding a few nanometres were deposited. Their deposition enabled to reduce the reflection of light from the polished substrate below 15% in a wide range (425-800nm) while maintaining high transparencies (over 90%). The obtained results causes that mentioned thin films are good potential material for optics, optoelectronics and photovoltaics.

A Comparative Study of Light Transmission by Various Dental Restorative Materials and the Tooth Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ilie ◽  
G Furtos
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Restorative Process ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Cad Cam

Clinical Relevance Light transmission through dental materials and tooth structure has direct clinical implication on such factors as selecting an appropriate curing technique during a restorative process. SUMMARY Introduction: This study aims to quantify and compare the amount of light that passes through seven different types of direct and indirect restorative materials comprising light-cured resin based composites (regular and bulk-fill), computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restoratives such as resin based composites, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin, leucite glass-ceramic, lithium silicate glass-ceramic, feldspar ceramic, and the natural tooth structure. Methods and Materials: Individual sets (n=6) of plane-parallel test specimens (2 mm) of 32 restorative materials belonging to the aforementioned seven material types and the tooth structure were prepared. Within the analyzed materials, one leucite glass-ceramic and one lithium disilicate glass-ceramic were considered in two different translucencies. In addition, two light-cured resin composites, one CAD/CAM resin composite, and one lithium disilicate glass-ceramic were considered in two different shades. Optical properties (transmittance, T; absorbance, A; and opacity, O) of each material were calculated from the relationship between incident and transmitted irradiance [I(d)] using a violet-blue light-curing unit. Incident and transmitted irradiance were assessed in real time on a spectrophotometer. A multivariate analysis (general linear model) assessed the effects of various parameters on the optical properties. Results: A very strong influence of the parameter material was identified on I(d) (p<0.001; partial eta squared, ηP2=0.953), T (p<0.001; ηP2=0.951), A (p<0.001; ηP2=0.925), and O (p<0.001; ηP2=0.886), while the effect of the parameter material type was not significant (p=0.079, p=0.05, p=0.05, and p=0.051, respectively). Light attenuation differed significantly by material within each shade category and by shade category within the analyzed material. Conclusions: Attenuation of light through restorative materials and tooth structure is high (59.9% to 94.9%); thus, deficits in polymerization are difficult to compensate for by additional light exposure at the end of the restorative process.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Ag-modified hollow titania spheres via controlled silver diffusion in Ag–TiO2 core–shell nanostructures

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Bartosewicz ◽  
Malwina Liszewska ◽  
Bogusław Budner ◽  
Marta Michalska-Domańska ◽  
Krzysztof Kopczyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Silver Diffusion

Inorganic hollow spheres find a growing number of applications in many fields, including catalysis and solar cells. Hence, a simple fabrication method with a low number of simple steps is desired, which would allow for good control over the structural features and physicochemical properties of titania hollow spheres modified with noble metal nanoparticles. A simple method employing sol–gel coating of nanoparticles with titania followed by controlled silver diffusion was developed and applied for the synthesis of Ag-modified hollow TiO2 spheres. The morphology of the synthesized structures and their chemical composition was investigated using SEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The optical properties of the synthesized structures were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy. Ag–TiO2 hollow nanostructures with different optical properties were prepared simply by a change of the annealing time in the last fabrication step. The synthesized nanostructures exhibit a broadband optical absorption in the UV–vis range.

A simple method for improving the optical properties of a dimetallic coordination fluorescent chemosensor for adenosine triphosphate

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (46) ◽  
pp. 6241-6243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Hye Jang ◽  
Sujung Yi ◽  
Mi Hee Kim ◽  
Sudeok Kim ◽  
Na Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Fluorescent Chemosensor ◽  
Simple Method
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