Competitiveness of Nano Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 1079-1080 ◽  
pp. 1142-1148
Author(s):  
Tatjana Tambovceva ◽  
Andrejs Tambovcevs
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Technology Area ◽  
Multidimensional Concept ◽  
Nanotechnology Industry

Nano- and new materials technology are strong research and product development targets, and new applications and solutions arise all the time. Nanotechnology will profoundly influence the competitiveness of companies in every industry. Adoption of technology and it competitiveness is a research topic within the nano-technology area. When examining the adoption of technology, there are various stakeholders and contexts to consider. The competitiveness of nano-technology is very important. However, competitiveness is a complex and multidimensional concept, encompassing various aspects that are difficult to measure. The aim of the research is to discuss the competitiveness of nano technology.The main methods applied by the authors are analysis of the scientific and other literature and logical approach.Evaluating competitiveness in nanotechnology industry is a complex process. This paper provides findings about factors of competitiveness and a managerial framework of nano- technology.

Product development in Islamic finance and banking in secular economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1665-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Dinc
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
Conceptual Research ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Vital Element

Purpose As the global paradigm in economics shifts, Islamic economics is attracting more attention as an alternative sector. The most common and most active institutional structure of Islamic economics is in the form of Islamic finance and banking. Islamic finance and banking have been the centre of innovation in many economies in recent years. In this regard, product development is a vital element in driving the success of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). The product development of IFIs is one of the key elements of their overall economic performance. This study aims to fill the gap in the literature concerning the product development process of IFIs in secular economies. Design/methodology/approach Verily, product development is a complex process; it is likely that introducing specific models will be useful for expanding the activities of IFIs. In this study, contemporary source materials are used to develop this conceptual research. Findings It suggests two separate methodologies for the product development process of IFIs in secular economies to overhaul two criticised product-based problems. To the best of the author’s knowledge, it is the first attempt to model the product development process for IFIs in a secular economic setup. Originality/value Recently, this study is the first attempt for modelling product development in IFIs under secular economies. Advances in the field of Shari’ah-compliant product development is important for researchers and professional.

High-Throughput Synthesis, Deposition and Characterization Techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-62
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Optical Absorbance ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Optical Absorbance Spectroscopy

Polyaniline (PANI) has an exclusive representation probably owing to the fact that it has new applications in several fields of nano-technology. It is known for its straightforward synthesis process, high environmental stability and it can be easily doped by different acids. This chapter deals with the synthesis of PANI by several methods in which oxidative polymerization is the simplest and the most highly studied process. The synthesized PANI thin films can be deposited on different substances by a number of chemical and physical-based methods. These PANI thin films have been characterized by different techniques. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy used for structural analysis of synthesized PANI thin films while the crystalline nature determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Similarly, SEM, TEM, and AFM have been used for surface analysis of PANI thin films. The thermal and optical characteristics of PANI thin films studied by TGA and optical absorbance spectroscopy, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve gives information about the electrochemical reaction rate and the redox potential of PANI thin films.

ERMM: An Engineering Requirements Management Method

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Becker ◽  
Nanxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Requirements Management ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Entire Vehicle ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Management Method ◽  
Vehicle Development Process

Automotive product development is a lengthy and complex process. There exists a large body of various requirements, standards, and regulations, which need to be followed by all engineering activities throughout the entire vehicle development process. The underlying relationships between these requirements are very complicated. Although most of engineering requirements can be found in various engineering databases, it is the lack of the underlying relationship between the requirements and their association with the design that makes it extremely difficult for even experienced engineers to follow the requirements in their dayto-day work. This paper introduces an Engineering Requirements Management Method (ERMM) that captures these interrelationships and associations using a matrix-based representation. A case study with a real automotive component is also presented.

scholarly journals Crystalline Structure, Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Potassium Hexatitanate: A Review

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Ponce-Peña ◽  
Martha Poisot ◽  
Alicia Rodríguez-Pulido ◽  
María Azucena González-Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Tunnel Structure ◽  
Chemical Formula ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Structure Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Potassium Hexatitanate

Potassium hexatitanate (PHT) with chemical formula K2Ti6O13 has a tunnel structure formed by TiO2 octahedra sharing edges or corners and with the potassium atoms located in the tunnels. This material has attracted great interest in the areas of photocatalysis, reinforcement of materials, biomaterials, etc. This work summarizes a large number of studies about methods to prepare PHT since particle size can be modified from millimeter to nanometric scale according to the applied method. Likewise, the synthesis method has influenced the material properties as band-gap and the final mechanical performance of composites when the reinforcement is PHT. The knowing of synthesis, properties and applications of PHT is worthwhile for the design of new materials and for the development of new applications taking advantage of their inherent properties.

Elastomers and their Adhesion

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy J. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Recent Estimate ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Theoretical Side

Abstract The last general review of elastomeric adhesion and adhesives appeared in this journal eight years ago. At that time an attempt was made, at least in a limited way, to develop the subject from its scientific beginnings and to present a fairly broad and connected picture. The objective of the present review will be more modest, an up-dating only. Much of what was said in the earlier review remains pertinent and relevant today, and no attempt will be made to restate such material in detail, although summarization of current status will be attempted. On the theoretical side, emphasis will be on those studies which have modified earlier views, disproved some theories or strongly confirmed others, or unified previously disconnected observations. On the technological side, emphasis will be on new applications for adhesives, new adhesive raw materials and techniques and the increased scope they offer, and new materials to be bonded with the problems and challenges they engender. For some time, growth in adhesives has consistently outstripped the general economy, and elastomeric adhesives have more than held their own as compared with other types. Adhesive production in 1965 was estimated at 3.2 billion solid pounds. Probably at least 10% of this could be considered elastomeric, and, if expressed in dollar value, would be a much greater proportion. A recent estimate of growth rate for adhesives and sealants was 10% per year, approximately twice that of the dry rubber industry. There is every reason to believe that this trend will continue in the foreseeable future as the former psychological resistance to “gluing” as opposed to rivets, bolts, nails, and welds fast disappears. Accelerating economic growth has stimulated technical advances, and the reverse, and this is reflected in a burgeoning literature.

Toxicological Profiles of Nanomaterials

2005 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik K Rushton ◽  
Günter Oberdörster ◽  
Jacob Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractWith the passage of the National Nanoscale Initiative in 2001 there has been increasing attention and funding given to nanomaterial research. This has led to a number of new materials developed at the nanoscale (< 100 nm) level, which often possess chemical and physical properties distinct from those of their bulk materials. These unique qualities are proving to be quite useful in a number of new applications. For example, biological applications in imaging, treatment, and drug delivery are particularly promising as well as the increasing engineering potential of nanocircuitry and materials science. As the number of applications increases however, so too does the potential for human exposure to nanomaterials through a number of routes: dermal, ingestion, inhalation, and even injection. Interestingly some of the properties of these nanomaterials that make them useful in these emerging technologies are the same properties that can increase their toxic potential. This is leading to an emerging discipline – nanotoxicology, which can be defined as safety evaluation of engineered nanostructures and nanodevices. Nanotoxicology research will not only provide information for risk assessment of nanomaterials based on data for hazard identification, dose response relationships and biokinetics, but will also help to further advance the field of nanoresearch by providing information to alter undesirable nanomaterials properties. Although nanotoxicology is in its infancy, there are some preliminary studies with newly developed materials that provide some insight into potential effects, which when coupled with older studies provides some insight on how these nanomaterials impact the biological system. This presentation summarizes results of studies with nanosized particles with a focus on the respiratory system and skin as portals of entry. The ability of particles to translocate from their site of entry, their ability to elicit biological responses, and their presumed mechanisms of action will be highlighted. This will be an attempt to illustrate how pervasive these materials can be, which may or may not be detrimental. With proper toxicological assessment this potential may be harnessed leading to breakthroughs at the nanotechnology – biology interface.

Specialist knowledge identification, classification, and usage in company-specific new product development processes

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 1285-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Cross ◽  
S Sivaloganathan
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
New Product ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Project Organizations ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Identification

New product development is a complex process that requires industry-specific knowledge to produce commercially viable solutions, and it is this specialist knowledge that enables organizations to develop competitive advantage in their marketplaces. This research, conducted over 3 years at a UK capital equipment manufacturer, investigated the role of specialist knowledge in the design and development of products. The study concluded that, although different knowledge components are required for different projects, it is possible to adopt a generic approach to specialist knowledge identification, classification, and usage in new product developments. The current paper presents five methods that were used to identify specialist knowledge from engineering projects. The knowledge was then classified into ten categories that describe the specialist knowledge types used during commercial design projects. A model is presented illustrating when each specialist knowledge category is required in a typical development project. Organizations can use this approach to capture and structure the specialist knowledge components for a given product type, thus making available the knowledge to the wider organization and improving the organization's competitive advantage. The study was conducted as part of a project ‘Developing company-specific design models’, described in an earlier work.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of Nitrobenzene Using Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photocatalyst Doped with Zn Ions

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Alonso Reynoso-Soto ◽  
Sergio Pérez-Sicairos ◽  
Ana Patricia Reyes-Cruzaley ◽  
Christian Leonardo Castro-Riquelme ◽  
Rosa María Félix-Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Apparent Rate Constant ◽  
Tio2 Photocatalyst ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Nanocrystalline Tio2 ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Zn Ions

Photocatalysis is a method widely used in the degradation of organic pollutants of the environment. The development of new materials is very important to improve the photocatalytic properties and to find new applications for TiO<sub>2</sub> as a photocatalyst. In this article we reported the synthesis of a photocatalyst based on TiO<sub>2</sub> doped with Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions highly efficient in the degradation of nitrobenzene. The results of photocatalytic activity experiments showed that the Zn<sup>2+</sup> doped TiO<sub>2</sub> is more active than un-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst with an efficiency of 99% for the nitrobenzene degradation at 120 min with an apparent rate constant of 35 × 10<sup>-3</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>.

Design Process Error-Proofing: Strategies for Reducing Quality Loss in Product Development

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence P. Chao ◽  
Kosuke Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Quality Loss ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
Process Error ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Error Proofing

Design errors are a major source of quality loss in industry today. “Design Process Error-Proofing” seeks to prevent errors during product development by adapting quality management techniques. Poka-yoke solutions used in manufacturing and operation aim to prevent mistakes from occurring or detect them immediately after they are committed. The goal of design process error-proofing is to extend this strategy and develop innovative structured methods and tools that understand, predict, and prevent design errors. Because the research topic is fairly new, case studies are used to both explain and demonstrate the usefulness of solutions. Through a series of design initiatives at leading global organizations, important lessons were identified in the treatment of design errors. This paper discusses these error-proofing strategies and results.

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