Simulation of Oxygen-Steam Gasification for Hydrogen Production from Date Pits

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 654-659
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Abrar Inayat
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Methanol Production ◽  
Biomass Ratio ◽  
Date Pits

The need to find a renewable and sustainable energy has transformed into a demand due to the depletion of fossil fuel, and more importantly, the greenhouse gasses concerns. Hydrogen is a one of the clean and sustainable energy source. In addition, hydrogen used as raw material in industries, such as fertilizer plant, refinery and methanol production plant. Hydrogen has the potential as a clean energy carrier and the date pits availability in Saudi Arabia, the gasification of date pits is proposed. This work focused on developing a flowsheet to evaluate the feasibility of producing hydrogen from the gasification of date pits via a simulation work in Aspen Hysys. Using the simulation model, a study has been made to investigate the effects of temperature and steam/biomass ratio on the product gas, hydrogen yield and carbon conversion. The model has been also validated with literature and showed good agreement. The favorable temperature of the gasifier for high hydrogen yield is predicted to be in the range of 845-910°C. Based on the results, at temperature is 850°C and steam/biomass ratio of 0.8, maximum conversion and hydrogen yield achieved.

scholarly journals Hydrogen rich product gas from air-steam gasification of Indian biomasses with waste engine oil as binder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Sharma ◽  
Bhupendra Gupta ◽  
Mukesh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Waste Engine Oil ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Biomass Ratio

Abstract Present study concerns with the production of H2 rich product gas by thermochemical energy conversion having biomass gasification as a route for the four biomasses i.e., Kasai Saw Dust, Lemon Grass, Wheat Straw and Pigeon Pea Seed Coat. The biomasses are from the family of woody biomass, grasses, agricultural waste and food process industry wastes. Waste engine oil as an additive is used, which also acts as a binder. Air gasification and Air-steam gasification is applied and compared for product gas composition, hydrogen yield and other performance parameters like lower heating value, energy yield. Product gas constituents, hydrogen production is examined with different steam to biomass ratio (S/B ratio) and equivalence ratio. The equivalence ratio varies from 0.20–0.40 and the steam to biomass ratio varies between 0–4. The waster engine oil is mixed with the biomasses with different percentage of 5 and 10 wt%. For enhancement of feedstock quality palletization process is applied. The H2 yield is greatly affected by the equivalence ratio. Results show maximum H2 production and higher calorific value of product gas at an air to fuel of 0.26 for all the biomass pallets. Also, the S/B ratio observed as important aspect for hydrogen enrichment. Hydrogen yield is maximum at 2.4 steam to biomass ratio. This study considers the rarely studied Indian biomasses with waste engine oil as an additive for hydrogen-rich product gas production and will be beneficial for small scale hydrogen-rich syngas production considering the central Indian region originated biomasses. Statement of Novelty (SON): Research work belongs to eco-friendly use of rarely studied Indian biomass pallets. Equivalence air to fuel ratio (E/R ratio), steam to biomass ratio (S/B ratio) and waste engine oil as additive have been considered to upgrade H2 content and Calorific Value (CV) of the product gas. Novelty of work include use of waste engine oil as additive to make biomass pallets.

scholarly journals Utilization of Modified Zeolite as Catalyst for Steam Gasification of Palm Kernel Shell

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-631
Author(s):  
Joko Waluyo ◽  
Petric Marc Ruya ◽  
Dwi Hantoko ◽  
Jenny Rizkiana ◽  
I.G.B.N. Makertihartha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Biomass Ratio ◽  
Tar Cracking ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

Syngas from biomass gasification is being developed for alternative feedstock in the chemical industry. Palm kernel shell which is generated from palm oil industry can be potentially used as raw material for gasification process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of modified natural zeolite catalysts in steam gasification of palm kernel shells. Mordenite type zeolite was modified by acid leaching to be used as a tar cracking catalyst. Steam gasification was conducted at the temperature range of 750–850 °C and the steam to biomass ratio was in the range of 0–2.25. The result showed that steam gasification of palm kernel shell with the addition of zeolite catalyst at 750 °C and steam to biomass ratio 2.25 could reduce tar content up to 98% or became 0.7 g/Nm3. In this study, gasification of palm kernel shells produced syngas with the hydrogen concentration in the range of 52–64% and H2/CO ratio of 2.7–5.7. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

scholarly journals A Phenomenological Study on the Synergistic Role of Precious Metals and the Support in the Steam Reforming of Logistic Fuels on Monometal Supported Catalysts

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Majeed Azad ◽  
Desikan Sundararajan
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Sulfur Poisoning ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
High Hydrogen

Clean power source utilizing vast logistic fuel reserves (jet fuels, diesel, and coal) would be the main driver in the 21st century for high efficiency. Fuel processors are required to convert these fuels into hydrogen-rich reformate for extended periods in the presence of sulfur, and deliver hydrogen with little or no sulfur to the fuel cell stack. However, the jet and other logistic fuels are invariably sulfur-laden. Sulfur poisons and deactivates the reforming catalyst and therefore, to facilitate continuous uninterrupted operation of logistic fuel processors, robust sulfur-tolerant catalysts ought to be developed. New noble metal-supported ceria-based sulfur-tolerant nanocatalysts were developed and thoroughly characterized. In this paper, the performance of single metal-supported catalysts in the steam-reforming of kerosene, with 260 ppm sulfur is highlighted. It was found that ruthenium-based formulation provided an excellent balance between hydrogen production and stability towards sulfur, while palladium-based catalyst exhibited rapid and steady deactivation due to the highest propensity to sulfur poisoning. The rhodium supported system was found to be most attractive in terms of high hydrogen yield and long-term stability. A mechanistic correlation between the role of the nature of the precious metal and the support for generating clean desulfurized -rich reformate is discussed.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF SURFICIAL URANIUM DEPOSITS: OUM DHEROUA CASE STUDY (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC MAURITANIA)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Kurylo ◽  
Ivan Virshylo
Keyword(s):  
Clean Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Uranium Deposits ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Lower Estimation

Uranium deposits and resources are considered as an important raw material base for the implementation of scenarios for the green and clean energy transition. Traditionally discussed risks of potential environmental impacts of Uranium projects development could be subdivided by deposit type. Surficial type mineralization connected to the calcretes in shallow paleovalleys or playas has many specific features which might be analysed separately. Case study of Oum Dheroua Uranium project in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania shows an unexpected lower estimation of environmental risks comparatively to conventional Uranium projects despite to open-pit mining technology. The reasons for such estimation, connected to geographic location, the inclusion of Uranium minerals in natural ecosystems and low scale of deposits (both in grade and size sense). Potential by-products (Vanadium and Strontium) are not part of environmental factors assessment.

Feasibility study of methanol production plant from hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bellotti ◽  
M. Rivarolo ◽  
L. Magistri ◽  
A.F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Methanol Production

scholarly journals Ethanol production using vegetable peels medium and the effective role of cellulolytic bacterial (Bacillus subtilis) pre-treatment

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Salman Khan Promon ◽  
Wasif Kamal ◽  
Shafkat Shamim Rahman ◽  
M. Mahboob Hossain ◽  
Naiyyum Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Alcohol Production

Background: The requirement of an alternative clean energy source is increasing with the elevating energy demand of modern age. Bioethanol is considered as an excellent candidate to satiate this demand.Methods:Yeast isolates were used for the production of bioethanol using cellulosic vegetable wastes as substrate. Efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol was achieved by the action of cellulolytic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis).  After proper isolation, identification and characterization of stress tolerances (thermo-, ethanol-, pH-, osmo- & sugar tolerance), optimization of physiochemical parameters for ethanol production by the yeast isolates was assessed. Very inexpensive and easily available raw materials (vegetable peels) were used as fermentation media. Fermentation was optimized with respect to temperature, reducing sugar concentration and pH.Results:It was observed that temperatures of 30°C and pH 6.0 were optimum for fermentation with a maximum yield of ethanol. The results indicated an overall increase in yields upon the pretreatment ofBacillus subtilis; maximum ethanol percentages for isolate SC1 obtained after 48-hour incubation under pretreated substrate was 14.17% in contrast to untreated media which yielded 6.21% after the same period. Isolate with the highest ethanol production capability was identified as members of the ethanol-producingSaccharomycesspecies after stress tolerance studies and biochemical characterization using Analytical Profile Index (API) ® 20C AUX and nitrate broth test. Introduction ofBacillus subtilisincreased the alcohol production rate from the fermentation of cellulosic materials.Conclusions:The study suggested that the kitchen waste can serve as an excellent raw material in ethanol fermentation.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Alkali Activated Material Based on Red Clay and Silica Gel Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 931-943
Author(s):  
Girts Bumanis ◽  
Danute Vaiciukyniene
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Significant Strength ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Alkali Activated

Abstract The search for alternative alumosilicates source for production of alkali activated materials (AAM) is intensively researched. Wide spread of natural materials such as clays and waste materials are one of potential alternatives. In this research AAM was made from local waste brick made of red clay and calcined low-carbonate illite clay precursor and its properties evaluated. Waste silica gel containing amorphous silica from fertilizer production plant was proposed as additional raw material. 6 M and 7 M NaOH alkali activation solutions were used to obtain AAM. Raw materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analyser, DTA/TG. Raw illite clay was calcined at a temperature of 700 to 800 °C. Waste brick was ground similar as raw clay and powder was obtained. Replacement of red clay with silica gel from 2–50 wt.% in mixture composition was evaluated. Results indicate that the most effective activator was 6 M NaOH solution and AAM with strength up to 13 MPa was obtained. Ground brick had the highest strength results and compressive strength of AAM reached 25 MPa. Silica gel in small quantities had little effect of AAM strength while significant strength reduction was observed with the increase silica gel content. The efflorescence was observed for samples with silica gel.

Feasibility Study of CO2 Mitigation with Methanol Production through Hydrogenation and Bi-Reforming of Natural Gas

2019 ◽  
Vol 965 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Igor Lapenda Wiesberg ◽  
José Luiz de Medeiros ◽  
Ofélia de Queiroz Fernandes Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Methanol Production ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Economic Analyses

Chemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol has the potential to address two relevant sustainability issues: economically feasible replacement of fossil raw materials and avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions. However, chemical stability of CO2 is a challenging impediment to conversion, requiring harsh reaction conditions at the expense of increased energy input, adding capital, operational and environmental costs. This work evaluates two innovative chemical conversion of CO2 to methanol: the indirect conversion, which uses synthesis gas produced by bi-reforming as intermediate, and the direct conversion, via hydrogenation. Process simulations are used to obtain mass and energy balances, needed to support economic analyses. Due to the uncertainties in the raw material prices, including CO2 and hydrogen (H2), its limits for economic viability are estimated and sensitivity analyzes are carried in predetermined prices (base cases). It is considered the scenario of free CO2 available in atmospheric conditions, as in a bioethanol industry, but the sensitivity analyses show the results for other scenarios, as in a CO2 rich natural gas, in which the cost of processing CO2 is zero. The economic analyses show that hydrogenation can be feasible if hydrogen prices are lower than 1000 US$/t, while the indirect route is viable only for cheap sources of natural gas below 3.7 US$/MMBtu. The CO2 pre-treatment costs are not as sensible as the others raw materials.

scholarly journals Design, Cost Estimation and Sensitivity Analysis for a Production Process of Activated Carbon from Waste Nutshells by Physical Activation

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Marcelo León ◽  
Javier Silva ◽  
Samuel Carrasco ◽  
Nelson Barrientos
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Tax Rate

A conceptual design of an industrial production plant for activated carbon was developed to process 31.25 tons/day of industrial waste nutshells as the raw material and produce 6.6 ton/day of activated carbon using steam as an activation agent. The design considered the cost of the main equipment, the purchase price of the nutshells, basic services, and operation. A sensitivity analysis was developed, considering the price of the finished product and the volume of raw material processing varied up to ±25%. Furthermore, the total annual cost of the product was determined based on the production of 2100 tons/year of activated carbon. Two cash flows were developed and projected to periods of 10 years and 15 years of production, using a tax rate of 27%, a low discount rate (LDR) of 10% per year, and without external financing. For a 10-year production project, the net present value (NPV) was USD 2,785,624, the internal return rate (IRR) 21%, the return on investment (ROI) 25%, and the discounted payback period (DPP) after the fifth year. Considering a project with 15 years of production, the NPV was USD 4,519,482, the IRR at 23%, the ROI 24%, and the DPP after the fifth year of production.

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