Water Desalination Using Solar Energy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1116 ◽  
pp. 73-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Antar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Distillation System ◽  
The World ◽  
Output Ratio

Water desalination is receiving increasing attention due to water scarcity in many places in the world. Although two third of the earth is covered with water, most of this water is salty (97.5%) and therefore not suitable for human, animal or plant needs. Furthermore, most of the fresh water available throughout the work is not accessible such as icebergs and some deep ground water. Water uneven distribution throughout the world creates another problem of water scarcities in arid places. Africa and Middle East are having the smallest share of natural, pure water resources. Fortunately, these areas of arid climate and low fresh water are rich in the most significant renewable energy source, solar energy. In this chapter, the potential of the utilization of renewable energy sources is discussed. Several desalination techniques that can be powered by renewable energy are discussed. Those techniques include the non-conventional ones such as the solar stills, humidification dehumidification desalination and membrane distillation. What is common within all of these techniques is the relatively low temperatures needed to operate the plants (around 80 °C) that can be afforded easily using solar collectors for heating water (and sometimes air). Several layouts of humidification dehumidification systems and membrane distillation system are also discussed in details taking into consideration the improvement of performance due to energy recovery systems and the recent trends of such technologies. Although the solar energy is basically free source of energy, how good this energy is utilized in operating the desalination systems is considered in the gain output ratio (GOR) that allows for comparison of different systems comparison and shows the room for improvement.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR LOW-RISE BUILDINGS IN CRIMEA

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
N. V. Tsopa ◽  
A. E. Dikarev
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Crimea

in the article provides a comparative analysis of the development of solar energy in the world, in the European Union, in Russia and in Crimea; the advantages and disadvantages of the use of solar energy, the features of the use of renewable energy sources are considered, the use of solar energy in the Crimea is justified; describes the mechanism of a feasibility study for the use of autonomous power supply for low-rise buildings in Crimea.

scholarly journals Overview of Solar Energy for Aquaculture: The Potential and Future Trends

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6923
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Em Vo ◽  
Hyeyoung Ko ◽  
Jun-Ho Huh ◽  
Namje Park
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Sustainable Aquaculture ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
The World ◽  
Aquaculture Production

The rapid growth of aquaculture production has required a huge power demand, which is estimated to be about 40% of the total energy cost. However, it is possible to reduce this expense using alternatives such as renewable energy (i.e., solar energy) instead of non-renewable energy. Solar energy is one of the cleanest energy sources and is touted as a potential renewable energy source for the world with benefits such as reducing CO2 emissions, reversing global warming by being eco-friendly, and bringing innovation to sustainable aquaculture and potential cost-efficiency for manufacturing. In this review, we present an overview of using non-renewable and renewable energy sources for aquaculture by reviewing several articles and applications of solar energy at many companies in the world. Moreover, this review shows potential and future trends using solar energy for aquaculture.

scholarly journals Solar Energy in the Logistics Sector: Assessments on Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Taşçıoğlu ◽  
Hilal Yıldırır Keser
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Photovoltaic Technology

The fact that the current energy production resources have a tendency to be extinguished rapidly, the raw material prices have increased, their negative effects on the environment and human health, some difficulties in their use have increased the studies conducted on new and renewable energy sources in recent years. Among the renewable energy technologies, even though it is somewhat expensive, the easiest technology in terms of design and installation is the photovoltaic technology which is an application of solar energy. But its real superiority arises from the fact that it is a technology that does not pollute the environment, is environmentally friendly and has low maintenance costs. The use of solar energy has increased considerably with the increase in the use of renewable energy sources in the world and in our country in recent years and the roofs have had the largest share in this regard. Considering that more than 50% of the installed facilities in Germany and Italy, which are the starting point of solar energy in Europe, are on the roofs, the roofs have an important place in the increase of solar energy usage. Turkey is in fortunate situation compared to many countries in terms of the solar energy potential due to its geographical location. South Eastern Anatolia Region is the region that receives the most solar energy, this is followed by the Mediterranean Region. The logistics sector has recently been one of the sectors in which the solar energy is widely used in the world and in Turkey. In particular, significant reductions have been achieved in logistics costs with the solar energy systems installed on the roofs of the logistics warehouses, this event have increased the competitiveness of the companies. In addition, it is known that solar energy has been started to be used in the transportation activities and there are R & D studies for increasing road vehicles and cargo ships working with solar energy. In addition, efforts are being made to improve the solar-powered highways which strengthen the transport infrastructure and the logistics processes and these applications are becoming widespread. In study, the solar energy which is one of the mostly interested one among the renewable energy forms and the photovoltaic technology producing electrical energy using it will be discussed in this context, an then the current situation in Turkey and the World will be presented. Finally, the usage of the solar energy in the logistics sector and the applicaton examples in the world and in Turkey will be included.

scholarly journals CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON POTENTIAL OF SOLAR ENERGY IN THE WORLD, EUROPE AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isak Karabegović ◽  
Vlatko Doleček
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The World

Energy security and stability are currently the main issues throughout the world. Applied research is carried out all over the world in order to increase a share of renewable energy sources in the overall task of energy generation. In near future environmentally friendly energy sources should be found that will enable the mankind to cover its energy needs. Renewable energy sources are currently offered worldwide as an environmentally friendly and acceptable solution; however, one may always wonder whether it is realistic to expect such energy sources to be developed at a level sufficient to meet the mankind’s ever increasing energy needs. This caution is caused by the following facts associated with the renewable energy sources available today: the wind energy is not everywhere available in sufficient quantities, solar energy is not sufficiently used, hydropower (we refer to small hydro power plants), is not big enough for this quantity of energy, geothermal energy can be optimally used only at places where thermal energy from the inner core of the Earth is near the surface, tidal energy (energy of the waves) has great potentials but is very little used due to its scarcity and non-accessibility, bioenergy, as a substitute for conventional fossil fuels, is not completely environmentally friendly or acceptable due to the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. On the other hand, without implementing the adequate policies in the energy sector operation, it is not possible to have any industrial, economic or social progress in the world. Energy security and stability are only one part in achieving the ultimate goals: sustainable economy, clean environment, high standard of living, prosperity and health of the population. In the light of all the above, the paper will investigate the state and perspective of renewable energy sources with a special emphasis on the potential of solar energy.

scholarly journals Solar energy and sustainable development

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Pavlovic ◽  
J.M. Radosavljevic ◽  
Z.T. Pavlovic ◽  
Lj.T. Kostic
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The World

In this paper attention is drawn to the energy consumption in the world solar energy, sustainable development, agenda 21 and the influence of the renewable energy sources and solar energy on the sustainable development.

scholarly journals Energy development in the Chechen Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
M. V. Debiev
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The World

The article provides an overview of the current state of energy in the world and in Russia, which focuses on the development of renewable energy sources (RES). An analysis is made of the trend in the production and consumption of energy resources, as well as an assessment of the use of renewable energy in Russia. Incentives for the development of renewable energy sources with the characteristics available in the world are determined. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of developing this industry both in Russia and in the Chechen Republic, as one of its regions. An assessment is given of the development of wind and solar energy in Russia. The current power supply structure of the Chechen Republic is considered, where the indicators of maximum electric power, consumed electric power, and also electric power generation of the republic are given. The analysis of the possibility of using wind and solar energy resources, as well as small hydropower of the Chechen Republic. Options for the development and effective use of renewable energy sources are considered, taking into account the fact that the use of energy resources based on modern innovative technologies, the introduction of new promising alternative sources, and the search for ways to stimulate the use of renewable energy sources, where it is supposed to organize and introduce a tariff policy, is one of the main tasks of energy development which give a complete systemic idea of the scale of the problem of transferring the energy system to innovative rails. Some options are proposed for the most expedient development of the energy system of the Chechen Republic, the construction of small pilot plants using renewable energy sources, with the goal of actual (experimental) confirmation of the predicted calculated values, as well as the gradual mass introduction of plants using renewable energy sources in the private sector with the creation of the necessary tariff conditions for use and construction installations on an industrial scale within the framework of energy private or public companies. Priority tasks have been set for the prospective development of the republic’s energy sector by introducing renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals A Review of the Water Desalination Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Domenico Curto ◽  
Vincenzo Franzitta ◽  
Andrea Guercio
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy And Exergy Analysis ◽  
Seawater Treatment

Desalination is commonly adopted nowadays to overcome the freshwater scarcity in some areas of the world if brackish water or salt water is available. Different kinds of technologies have been proposed in the last century. In this paper, the state of the mainstream solutions is reported, showing the current commercial technologies like reverse osmosis (RO), Multi-Stages Flash desalination (MSF) and Multi-Effect Distillation (MED), and the new frontiers of the research with the aim of exploiting renewable sources such as wind, solar and biomass energy. In these cases, seawater treatment plants are the same as traditional ones, with the only difference being that they use a renewable energy source. Thus, classifications are firstly introduced, considering the working principles, the main energy input required for the treatment, and the potential for coupling with renewable energy sources. Each technology is described in detail, showing how the process works and reporting some data on the state of development. Finally, a statistical analysis is given concerning the spread of the various technologies across the world and which of them are most exploited. In this section, an important energy and exergy analysis is also addressed to quantify energy losses.

Solar Water Distillation Using Two Different Phase Change Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 2409-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Naga Sarada ◽  
Banoth Hima Bindu ◽  
Sri Rama R. Devi ◽  
Ravi Gugulothu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
The World

In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage, water crisis increases around the world. With the continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions, the use of various sources of renewable energy is increasingly becoming important for sustainable development. Due to the rising oil price and environmental regulations, the demand of utilizing alternative power sources increased dramatically. Alternative energy and its applications have been heavily studied for the last decade. Energy and water are essential for mankind that influences the socioeconomic development of any nation. Pure water resources become more and more scarce every day as rivers, lakes wells and even seawater pollution rapidly increases. Solar energy is one promising solution to secure power and potable water to future generation. The process of distillation can be used to obtain fresh water from salty, brackish or contaminated water. Water is available in different forms such as sea water, underground water, surface water and atmospheric water. Clean water is essential for good health. The search for sustainable energy resources has emerged as one of the most significant and universal concerns in the 21st century. Solar energy conversion offers a cost effective alternative to our traditional usages. Solar energy is a promising candidate in many applications. Among the alternative energy sources used for electricity production, wind and solar energy systems have become more attractive in recent years. For areas where electricity was not available, stand alone wind and solar systems have been increasingly used. The shortage of drinking water in many countries throughout the world is a serious problem. Humankind has depended for ages on river, sea water and underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. To resolve this crisis, different methods of solar desalination have been used in many countries. Distillation is a well known thermal process for water purification, most importantly, water desalination. Most of the conventional water distillation processes are highly energy consuming and require fossil fuels as well as electric power for their operation. Single basin solar still is a popular solar device used for converting available brackish or waste water into potable water. Because of its lower productivity, it is not popularly used. Numbers of works are under taken to improve the productivity and efficiency of the solar still. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering and spacecraft thermal control applications. The use of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings has been investigated within the past decade. The experimental results computed in the field of water distillation process using solar energy in the presence of energy storage materials sodium sulphate and sodium acetate are discussed in this paper. Keywords: solar energy, saline water, distillation, phase change material.

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