Joining by Upset Bulging at Elevated Temperatures

2016 ◽  
Vol 1140 ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Almohallami ◽  
Michael Rusch ◽  
Milan Vucetic ◽  
Anas Bouguecha ◽  
Markus Bambach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Free Bulging ◽  
Joining Process ◽  
Minor Extent ◽  
Process Material

Due to the limitations of other processes in joining different types of material, mechanical joining methods can be alternatively used. Joining by upset bulging can be employed for joining tubes with other structures such as sheets, plates, tubes or profiles as well as for joining different materials. In spite of successful industrial applications of this joining process, material damage is still a challenge. This damage affects the resistance of the created joint to service loads. Thus, in this paper, a local heating is studied, which aims at avoiding pre-damage or failure of the joint. A parametric FE model is developed to analyse the influence of local heating on the bulging process. It is found that the process window set by the bulge length suitable for joining is widened, but only to a minor extent. The marginal influence of local heating on the bulge geometry allows designing the process in the same way as room temperature processes. Metallographic investigations confirm the damage-free bulging of tubes by forming at elevated temperatures. Another important result is that tubes can be equipped with predefined bulge zones by local heating zones to 700 °C for 15 seconds for example. This enables bulging of tubes during joining by applying an axial load only, without using tools to define the location of the bulge or its length, thus enabling joining operations with limited access.

Isatin: A Scaffold with Innumerable Biodiversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyobrata Nath ◽  
Agnish Mukherjee ◽  
Sougata Mukherjee ◽  
Sabyasachi Banerjee ◽  
Samarpita Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
Relevant Compound ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Clinical Conditions

: Isatin is an endogenous and a significant category of fused heterocyclic component, widely been a part of several potential biologically useful synthetics. Since its discovery, tons of research work has been conducted with respect to the synthesis, chemical properties, and biological and industrial applications. It contains indole nucleus having both lactam and keto moiety which while being a part of a molecular framework exerted several biological effects, viz.; antimicrobial, antitubercular, anticonvulsant, anticancer etc. Isatin derivatives are synthetically significant substrates, which can be utilized for the synthesis of huge diversified chemical entities of which few members emerged to be a drug. The reason for this review is to provide extensive information pertaining to the chemistry and its significance in altering several pathological states of isatin and its derivatives. A Structure Activity Relationships study thus developed through a gamut of scientific information indicates the importance of mostly electron withdrawing groups, halogens, nitro, alkoxy and to a minor extent groups with positive inductive effects, such as methyl at position 1, 5, 6 and 7 of isatin in alleviating several clinical conditions. It is also observed from the survey that the presence of two oxo groups at position 2 and 3 sometimes become insignificant as fusion with a heterocycle at those position resulted in a biologically relevant compound.

Factors affecting the future of the Scottish hydrometric network

1987 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Poodle
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Data Standards ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Minor Extent

ABSTRACTThe Scottish Hydrometric Network consists of a number of river gauging stations which have been located at sites considered suitable to provide long term flow records. Economic recession has placed some stress on the gauging programme, and has given rise to extensive closures of gauging stations in England and, to a minor extent so far, in Scotland. The way in which the network became established provides a mixture of strengths and weaknesses which could have unpredictable consequences in an adverse economic climate. Changing technology provides some opportunity to reduce the cost of data acquisition and improve the deployment of manpower, while maintaining data standards. In these changing circumstances, particularly with extensive use of computer systems, it is important that standards are established for data returned to the Water Archive and that the network is not allowed to degenerate by default.

Thermal Modeling of a Railroad Tapered-Roller Bearing Using Finite Element Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine M. Tarawneh ◽  
Arturo A. Fuentes ◽  
Javier A. Kypuros ◽  
Lariza A. Navarro ◽  
Andrei G. Vaipan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Tapered Roller Bearing ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Railroad Industry

In the railroad industry, distressed bearings in service are primarily identified using wayside hot-box detectors (HBDs). Current technology has expanded the role of these detectors to monitor bearings that appear to “warm trend” relative to the average temperatures of the remainder of bearings on the train. Several bearings set-out for trending and classified as nonverified, meaning no discernible damage, revealed that a common feature was discoloration of rollers within a cone (inner race) assembly. Subsequent laboratory experiments were performed to determine a minimum temperature and environment necessary to reproduce these discolorations and concluded that the discoloration is most likely due to roller temperatures greater than 232 °C (450 °F) for periods of at least 4 h. The latter finding sparked several discussions and speculations in the railroad industry as to whether it is possible to have rollers reaching such elevated temperatures without heating the bearing cup (outer race) to a temperature significant enough to trigger the HBDs. With this motivation, and based on previous experimental and analytical work, a thermal finite element analysis (FEA) of a railroad bearing pressed onto an axle was conducted using ALGOR 20.3™. The finite element (FE) model was used to simulate different heating scenarios with the purpose of obtaining the temperatures of internal components of the bearing assembly, as well as the heat generation rates and the bearing cup surface temperature. The results showed that, even though some rollers can reach unsafe operating temperatures, the bearing cup surface temperature does not exhibit levels that would trigger HBD alarms.

scholarly journals FE Model Validation and Advanced Analyses of Steel Members with Steel Claddings at Elevated Temperatures

ce/papers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 1203-1212
Author(s):  
Zhongcheng Ma ◽  
Jarmo Havula ◽  
Attila Joo ◽  
Anita Lendvai
Keyword(s):  
Model Validation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Steel Members

Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvan Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

Abstract At present, in the New World, C. arizonica and its varieties are of low economic importance, but they are sometimes cut for fenceposts, fuelwood and lumber, and recently they have become popular as Christmas trees. By contrast, the Arizona cypress (C. arizonica var. arizonica) and the smooth cypress (C. arizonica var. glabra) are widespread in Europe and are used for landscaping, erosion control, windbreaks, and to a minor extent for lumber.

A fast and accurate solution to optimal design of eddy-current PMCs with standard disc type

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Zheng rong Xia ◽  
Yong chen Pei ◽  
Dong xu Wang ◽  
Shun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Accurate Solution ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Standard Disc

Although permanent magnet couplings (PMCs) have been under research for many years and have found successful industrial applications, this is still a technology under development. Accurate parameter determination is of significance for performance analysis and critical decisions on PMC design. However, the determination can often lead to an unacceptable increase in computation, especially when finite elements (FE) are used. The study aims to develop an FE model that is used for the structural design of a standard-disc type PMC for optimal torque. For the quick and accurate design, an integration optimal solution of the response surface methodology (RSM) and the Taguchi’s method was proposed. To verify the simulation, a series of experimental investigations were conducted on a self-developed testing platform. Furthermore, for a minimum set of FE analyses (FEA), a quantitative indicator called contribution rate, which can reflect effect level of structure parameters on the torque, was given based on the Taguchi method. Apart from this, the orthogonal matrix was used for the reduction of the FE calculation. Based on the contribution rate, the response surface methodology was adopted for the optimal torque determination with no increase in the PM volume. According to the optimization results, a fitting formula, which considers the contribution rates of the optimization variables, was presented. The results suggest that the FE simulations agree very well with the experiments, and the fitting formula can be used in the PMC design.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1983 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 26-38
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
West Germany ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

The recovery in the OECD area gathered pace in the second quarter, when its total GDP probably increased by as much as 1 per cent. The rise was, however, heavily concentrated in North America and particularly the US. There may well have been a slight fall in Western Europe, where the level of industrial production hardly changed and increases in gross product in West Germany and, to a minor extent, in France were outweighed by falls in Italy and (according to the expenditure measure) the UK.

scholarly journals Tracing the (hidden) spatialities of digital agendas: the case of ‘Digital Hungary’

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Krisztina Varró
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Development Trajectories ◽  
Minor Extent

Policies that aim at bringing about a digital transformation (seek to) create the conditions for particular spatial development trajectories. Yet, the understandings, explicit and implicit, of space advanced by digital agendas have remained rather underexposed to date. This paper addresses this gap by developing a Foucauldian-inspired discourse-analytical framework and applies it to the programme of ‘Digital Hungary’. It is argued that policies of digitalisation in Hungary only to a minor extent consider the spatial dimension, and their impact potentially undermines the declared aims of spatial development at different scales.

scholarly journals Bryophytes of the upper reaches of the Western Bug River (Lviv Region, Ukraine)

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Yura Drach ◽  
Zvenysvala Mamchur
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time ◽  
Minor Extent

In the article, the bryophytes of the upper reaches of the Western Bug River, which is physically and geographically located within Male Polissya, partly Roztochia, and to a minor extent in the Gologoro-Voronyatsky denudo-structural hills, have been studied. Based on our survey, a list of the bryophytes has been compiled for the first time. Ecological features, substrate preferences and life forms of the bryophytes have been analysed. According to the ecological features, subheliophytes (30.9%) and hemisciophytes (30.9%) predominate in the spectrum of heliomorphs; mesophytes (29.7%), hygromesophytes (21.2%) and xeromesophytes – in the spectrum of hydromorphs (19.4%); cold-tolerant species (59.4%) – in the spectrum of thermomorphs. Based on the analysis of the substrate preferences of the bryophytes, the following groups were identified: epigeans (116 species), epixils (56 species), epiphytes (46 species), epiliths (43 species), aquatic (22 species). The prevailing life forms are turf (30.3%), rough mat (18.2%), weft (15.2%), tuft (10.3%) and smooth mat (9.7%). 3 species that are officially recognised as rare and 16 species that are recognized as regionally rare have been found. In the group of bryophytes associated with wetland ecosystems, 2 officially rare and 6 regionally rare species were found in the study area. Given the large areas of drained land in Lviv Region, these species are of particular value, especially in the context of conservation of the biodiversity and protection of the valuable natural areas in accordance with the Development Strategy of Lviv Region by 2027.

scholarly journals Gender in modern Greek historiography

HISTOREIN ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Papadogiannis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
International Level ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Greek Historiography ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

This article analyses the emergence and development of the study of gender in modern Greek historiography in the broader sense, exploring works that incorporate, even to a minor extent, the gender factor. It shows that despite the manifold barriers that gender historians have faced, there has been a slow but steady process of diffusion of gender in modern Greek historiography in general. The article also shows that historical research on gender relations in Greece initially focused on the study of women, historicising, however, their relations with men. Thus, in line with what Kantsa and Papataxiarchis argue about the relevant scholarship at the international level, no linear transition from the study of women to the examination of gender relations occurred. What has transpired in the last two decades, however, is that the relevant historiography has gradually broadened to encompass a more systematic analysis of the (re)making of masculinities. It has also been enriched by the study of the intersection of gender and age as well as of transnational flows and their impact on gender, tendencies that have been slightly neglected in other reviews of the study of gender in Greek historiography. 

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