Structural Analysis of the Bell Tower of the Basilica De La Merced of Lima

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 491-495
Author(s):  
Henry Eduardo Torres Peceros
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Bell Tower ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
The City ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Made In

The Bell Tower of the Basilica de la Merced de Lima is a monument with its own personality in itself, was built by master masonry Alonso de Morales as contract signed May 12, 1589 whose original is in the General File Nation of Peru. Until now has been repaired several times due to damage to large earthquakes that destroyed the city of Lima in more than one occasion. The Bell Tower of the Basilica de la Merced de Lima is the construction of unreinforced brick masonry higher and that has continued for over four centuries in the same location and is without doubt one of the famous monuments of the city of Lima. For structural analysis, the monument was modeled and analyzed by finite element method, models were developed to adjust and show impressive results and consistent with the records of damage were made in the year 2005 date when the monument was established structurally. An important historical record supports the technical scope of the investigation. Interesting comments on its formidable seismic capacity, and their significant contributions in knowledge of construction techniques of the builders of the sixteenth century in Lima, reveal a building that surprises with its apparent simplicity but it saves a lot of knowledge about engineering techniques applied to the great monuments that have survived from the years in which Lima was the largest metropolis in South America.

scholarly journals New Archaeological Discoveries: Gates and Turrets of 16th century Burmese Royal Capital of Haṁsāvatī | ရှးေ ရောငး် သရု ေသနဆငုိ ှ် ာရေ့ေ ှခိေ ျကအ် သစမ် ျား - (၁၆) ှာစ ုလကှ် ာ ေသံ ာဝေမီ မုိ ့ရောမ် ေေခံ ါးရေါကန် ငေ ပ့် ေအးုိ များ

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Excavation Work ◽  
Wall Construction ◽  
The City

This paper explores the styles of construction and the city features of the sixteenth century royal capital of Haṁsāvatī, located in Bago, Myanmar. It was founded by King Bayinnaung in 1566 CE. Throughout its existence, the ancient city has been devastated by natural disasters, weak heritage conservation policies, and urban encroachments. Starting from 2018, excavation work on Haṁsāvatī wall was started and research was carried out on up to four excavation mounds. Archaeological excavations have revealed a wealth of evidence on architecture, including the city walls, gateways, and turrets. This research examines the architectural elements found during the excavations of the Haṁsāvatī wall, construction techniques, renovations and destructions throughout centuries. New hypotheses and discoveries from excavations, cross-examinations with historical records will also be presented. ဤစာတမ်းငယ်သည် မမန်မာနိုင်ငံ၊ ပဲခူးမမို့တွင် တည်ရှိသသာ (၁၆) ရာစုနှစ်လက်ရာ ဟံသာဝတီမမို့သတာ်၏ တည်သောက်မှုပုံစံနှင့် မမို့မပအင်္ဂါရပ်တို့ကို ရှာသွွသွာ်ထုတ်ထားပါသည်။ ဤမမို့သတာ်ကို ဘုရင့်သနာင်မင်းတရားကကီးက သအဒီ (၁၅၆၆) တွင် စတင်တည်သထာင်ခဲ့မခင်းမွစ်သည်။ ရာဇဝင်နှင့်မှတ်တမ်းများအရ မမို့သဟာင်းသည် သဘာဝသဘးအန္တရာယ်၊ ထိန်းသိမ်းမှုမူဝါဒညံ့ွျင်းမှုများနှင့် မမို့မပကျူးသကျာ်မှုများကို တည်ရှိလာသည့်ကာလတစ်သလှောက် များစွာခံစားခဲ့ရသသးသည်။ (၂၀၁၈) ခုနှစ်မှ စတင်၍ ဟံသာဝတီမမို့သဟာင်းတူးသွာ်မှုလုပ်ငန်းများကို စတင်နိုင်ခဲ့မပီး လက်ရှိအချနိ ်အထိ တူးသွာ်မှုကုန်းသလးခုအထိ သုသတသနမပုလုပ်နိုင်ခဲ့မပီးမွစ်ပါသည်။ မမို့ရိုး၊ မမို့တံခါးသပါက်၊ မပအိုးအစရှိသည့် များစွာသသာ ဗိသုကာေိုင်ရာအသထာက်အထားများကိုလည်း သရှး သဟာင်းသုသတသနေိုင်ရာတူးသွာ်မှုများမှတစ်ေင့် သွာ်ထုတ်နိုင်ခဲ့မပီးမွစ်ပါသည်။ ယခုသုသတသနသည် ဟံသာဝတီမမို့ရိုးတူးသွာ်မှုမှ သတွ့ရှိရသည့် ဗိသုကာေိုင်ရာ အင်္ဂါရပ်များ၊

scholarly journals The Conservation of Sixteenth Century Church Santa Maria of Montedecoro in Maddaloni

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Guadagnuolo ◽  
Giuseppe Faella ◽  
Marianna Aurilio ◽  
Mariano Nuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Masonry Structure ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Bell Tower ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
The City ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church ◽  
Effective Conservation

Santa Maria of Montedecoro is a sacral complex located in Maddaloni, in the south of Italy, and is one of the most important historical monuments of the city. Built in the sixteenth century, the monastic organism consists of an aggregate structure, including the church dedicated to the Virgin Mary, the bell tower which is set back from the church, the sacristy, the parsonage. This paper concerns the analysis of all the degradation phenomena identified in the complex, due to both its deterioration state and structural damage. Particular attention is placed on the bell tower that shows different degradation of the surfaces, with large erosions and fallen plasters. The masonry structure, notably compromised, shows several cracks due to the rotation of the tower towards the street. Because of such damage phenomena, a preliminary investigative research was performed to understand the effective conservation state of the Church and its appurtenances. The obtained diagnostic survey data confirm the hypotheses advanced in the cognitive phase and have provided all the necessary elements for the restoration and retrofitting design. This paper presents the restoration design and the results of the seismic analyses carried out on the bell tower.

The hortus siccus (1566) of Petrus Cadé: a description of the oldest known collection of dried plants made in the Low Countries

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Maarten J. M. Christenhusz
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT: A sixteenth century Dutch hortus siccus of Brabantian origin has been rediscovered and is described here. The plants preserved in it are identified and most of its history is revealed.

BRANDING KULINER DI KOTA WISATA BERASTAGI KABUPATEN KARO ( STUDI KASUS DI WARUNG WAJIK PECEREN DAN WARUNG SARI TEBU BERASTAGI )

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Zaitun Zaitun
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
Sugar Cane Juice ◽  
The Family ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The City ◽  
Research Type ◽  
Made In

This research was conducted to find out how big the interest of tourists who come to visit wajik stalls and sugar cane juice sweet so that in know whether the two places are worthy made in culinary branding in the city of Berastagi tourism. The method used in this research is qualitative method with descriptive research type which explain the actual condition that happened in the field with data collection technique through observation, interview and documentation. Based on the results of the research can be in the know that in general the interest of visitors to enjoy the menu at the stall wajik peceren better in comparison the interest of visitors in sweet sugar cane stalls. The price offered in these two stalls is very relative and classified as not so expensive and visitors who come to stalls wajik peceren usually buy diamonds that are characteristic of the shop to be brought as by the family at home while the visitors who enjoy the menu at the sweet sugar cane where in general, visitors who come only enjoy the menu on offer, especially Berastagi sugar cane and not brought home as souvenir for the family.

The Man in the Background: The Search for Maecenas

Antichthon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 54-79
Author(s):  
Ronald T. Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Mistaken Identity ◽  
Augustan Era ◽  
Ara Pacis ◽  
Made In

AbstractSince the late sixteenth century parts of the ‘imperial frieze’ of the Ara Pacis have been known. The most striking figure in the background of the southern frieze is that long thought to be a portrait of Maecenas, the Etruscan prince and literary patron of the Augustan era. This article attempts three things: to discover 1.Where and how this identification originated,2.What evidence there now is for that identification, and3.What alternative identifications can be offered.The bibliography is substantial, the trail is complicated and highly paradoxical, and fantasy has often played a large role. The ‘evidence’ in play for centuries has sometimes evaporated into thin air. The identities proposed are, in fact, numerous. Not of least interest is the hidden or mistaken identity, in turn, of crucial modern scholars. A method is proposed at last for evaluating the identifications of this background portrait, including obvious comparison with other background figures. This analysis emphasizes how much is still not known about the most famous piece of Augustan art. An attempt is nevertheless made in the last analysis, to support what can be offered, in the light of current understanding, as the most plausible identification.

Majolica in the Early Colonial Andes: The Role of Panamanian Wares

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross W. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

As one of the most common artifact categories found on Spanish colonial sites, the wheel-made, tin-glazed pottery known as majolica is an important chronological and social indicator for archaeologists. Initially imported from Europe, several manufacturing centers for majolica were set up in the New World by the late sixteenth century. The study of colonial majolica in the Viceroyalty of Peru, which encompassed much of South America, has received less attention than ceramic production and trade in the colonial Caribbean and Mesoamerica. Prior to 1650 the Viceroyalty of Peru was supplied with majolica largely produced in the city of Panama Vieja, on the Pacific. Panama Vieja majolica has been recovered from throughout the Andes, as far south as Argentina. Majolica made in Panama Vieja provides an important chronological indicator of early colonial archaeological contexts in the region. The reproduction of Iberian-style majolica for use on elite tables was symbolically important to the imposition of Spanish rule, and thus Panamanian majolicas also provide an important indicator of elite status on Andean colonial sites.

Diocletian's Price-Edict at Ptolemais (Cyrenaica)

1955 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Caputo ◽  
Richard Goodchild
Keyword(s):  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Roman Age ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In ◽  
Late Roman

Introduction.—The systematic exploration of Ptolemais (modern Tolmeita), in Cyrenaica, began in 1935 under the auspices of the Italian Government, and under the direction of the first-named writer. The general programme of excavation took into consideration not only the important Hellenistic period, which gave the city its name and saw its first development as an autonomous trading-centre, but also the late-Roman age when, upon Diocletian's reforms, Ptolemais became capital of the new province of Libya Pentapolis and a Metropolitan See, later occupied by Bishop Synesius.As one of several starting-points for the study of this later period, there was selected the area first noted by the Beecheys as containing ‘heaps of columns’, which later yielded the monumental inscriptions of Valentinian, Arcadius, and Honorius, published by Oliverio. Here excavation soon brought to light a decumanus, running from the major cardo on the west towards the great Byzantine fortress on the east. Architectural and other discoveries made in 1935–36 justified the provisional title ‘Monumental Street’ assigned to this ancient thoroughfare. In terms of the general town-plan, which is extremely regular, this street may be called ‘Decumanus II North’, since two rows of long rectangular insulae separate it from the Decumanus Maximus leading to the West Gate, still erect. The clearing of the Monumental Street and its frontages revealed the well-known Maenad reliefs, attributed to the sculptor Callimachus, a late-Roman triple Triumphal Arch, and fragments of monumental inscriptions similar in character to those previously published from the same area.

Studies in the Social and Economic History of Ostia

1938 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

The first of these Studies was concerned chiefly with the history of Ostia during the period when the city was still growing and its prosperity increasing. Even so, during the period already considered, the prosperity of Ostia, though real, was to this extent artificial, in that it depended upon factors over which the citizens themselves had no control. Ostia was the port of Rome, and nothing else, and in consequence any lowering of the standard of living in, or reduction of imports into the capital city must have had immediate and marked repercussions upon her prosperity. She even lacked to a great extent those reserves of wealth which in other cities might be drawn upon to tide over bad times. The typical citizen of Ostia came to the city in the hope of making his fortune there; but when he had made it, he usually preferred to retire to some more pleasant town, such as Tibur, Tusculum, Velitrae, or Rome itself, where he could enjoy his leisure. Few families seem to have remained in the city for more than two, or, at the most, three generations. Whilst therefore fortunes were made in Ostia, wealth was not accumulated there.

scholarly journals Guilds, Social Mobility and Status in Sixteenth-Century Ghent

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Dambruyne
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Social Promotion ◽  
Social Position ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Democratic Character ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This article investigates the relationship between social mobility and status in guilds and the political situation in sixteenth-century Ghent. First, it argues that Ghent guilds showed neither a static picture of upward mobility nor a rectilinear and one-way evolution. It demonstrates that the opportunities for social promotion within the guild system were, to a great extent, determined by the successive political regimes of the city. Second, the article proves that the guild boards in the sixteenth century had neither a typically oligarchic nor a typically democratic character. Third, the investigation of the houses in which master craftsmen lived shows that guild masters should not be depicted as a monolithic social bloc, but that significant differences in status and wealth existed. The article concludes that there was no linear positive connection between the duration of a master craftsman's career and his wealth and social position.

Parameter-transfer finite element method for structural analysis

AIAA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Barboni ◽  
P. Gaudenzi ◽  
A. Mannini
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Element Method
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