Study of Control for Phenol and Chlorophenols Sudden Pollution in Drinking Water by Using PAC Adsorption

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 2410-2413
Author(s):  
Mo Zhou ◽  
Hai Bo Wu ◽  
Gang Ren ◽  
Ming Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Proper Order ◽  
Adsorption Mode ◽  
Sudden Water Pollution

Phenol and chlorophenols (CPs) are main toxic organic pollutants detected generally in source water. In the present studies, removal efficiency of phenol and CPs by using PAC adsorption was investigated, base on the control of drinking water sudden pollution. The results showed that the removal of phenol and CPs was essentially complete within 2 hours, and that the adsorption ratio in proper order was: 2, 4, 6- TCP > 2, 4- DCP > 2- MCP > PCP > phenol. The adsorption isotherm of phenol and CPs by PAC was consistent with the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption mode. The study on the raw water collected from a lake in a university also provided the evidence that water quality affected the adsorption rate and adsorption capacity apparently. The phenol and CPs in sudden water pollution accidents was removed by addition of 20mgL-1 PAC. Results provided technical solution for water pollution accidents to cope with phenol and CPs sudden.

scholarly journals Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre van den Doel ◽  
Geert H van Kollenburg ◽  
Thomas D.N. van Remmen ◽  
Joanne A de Jonge ◽  
Gerard J Stroomberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Source Water

Predicting Source Water Quality Following Wildfires Using Hydrologic Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Wampler ◽  
Kevin D. Bladon ◽  
Monireh Faramarzi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Forested Watersheds ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
The World

<p>Forested watersheds are critical sources of the majority of the world’s drinking water. Almost one-third of the world’s largest cities and two-thirds of cities in the United States (US) rely on forested watersheds for their water supply. These forested regions are vulnerable to the increasing incidence of large and severe wildfires due to increases in regional temperatures and greater accumulation of fuels. When wildfires occur, increases in suspended sediment and organic carbon can negatively affect aquatic ecosystem health and create many costly challenges to the drinking water treatment process. These effects are often largest in the first year following a wildfire. While past research has shown the likelihood of source water impacts from wildfire, the magnitude of effects remains uncertain in most regions. In our study, we will quantify the projected short-term effects of three large (>70,000 ha) wildfires on key water quality parameters (sediment and organic carbon) in two important forested source watersheds in the Cascade Range of Oregon, US. We calibrated and validated a modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate streamflow, sediment loads and transport, as well as in-stream organic carbon processes for a historical period prior to wildfire. The calibrated model parameters were then modified based on literature values and burn severity maps to represent post-fire conditions of the three large wildfires. The parameter adjustments for simulating wildfire will be validated with post-fire water quality field samples from the wildfires. We will present estimations of future water quality impacts in the burned watersheds under different precipitation conditions at a daily scale for the first year following the wildfires, which will provide testable hypotheses. Additionally, we will determine catchment characteristics most critical in determining the post-fire water quality response. This work will help predict the magnitude of effects from these historic wildfires, which can inform forest and drinking water management decision making.</p>

Suspended particles in the drinking water of two distribution systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gauthier ◽  
B. Barbeau ◽  
R. Millette ◽  
J.-C. Block ◽  
M. Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
Dissolved Matter

The concentrations of suspended particles were measured in the drinking water of two distribution systems, and the nature of these particles documented. The concentrations of particulate matter were invariably found to be small (maximum 350 μg/L). They are globally in the very low range in comparison with dissolved matter concentrations, which are measured in several hundreds of mg/L. Except during special water quality events, such as turnover of the raw water resource, results show that organic matter represents the most important fraction of suspended solids (from 40 to 76%) in treated and distributed water. Examination of the nature of the particles made it possible to develop several hypotheses about the type of particles penetrating Montreal's distribution system during the turnover period (algae skeleton, clays). These particles were found to have been transported throughout the distribution systems quite easily, and this could result in the accumulation of deposits if their surface charge were ever even slightly destabilised, or if the particles were to penetrate the laminar flow areas that are fairly typical of remote locations in distribution systems.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of West Tarum Canal for Drinking Water Supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Ayu Widya Utami ◽  
Dwi Nowo Martono ◽  
Haruki Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

West Tarum Canal (WTC) is a canal that drains raw water from the Jatiluhur Dam. Nearly 81% of the raw water for drinking water used by Jakarta’s people comes from this canal. However, various land uses such as agriculture, industry, settlements, and infrastructure development impact WTC’s water quality. This research aims to assess WTC’s water quality in 2016-2020 based on water quality standards set by the Government and using the STORET method. The results of this research indicate that the concentrations of TDS (142-351 mg/L), Fe (0.1-0.15 mg/L), Mn (0.03-0.1 mg/L) are meet the standards, while DO (3.6-4.9 mg/L), BOD (4-10 mg/L), COD (13-30 mg/L) are not meet the standards. Almost all monitoring points have pH values between 5.75-7.68 that are meet the standards. The STORET score of WTC is from -26 to -38 with an average of -30, which indicates that WTC’s water quality is moderately polluted. Water contamination in WTC will burden the drinking water processing and ultimately affect the community’s ability to pay for drinking water. This research also shows the need for integrated management of WTC from upstream to downstream and the need to increase collaboration between stakeholders in carrying out this management.

Development of communication networks and water quality early warning detection systems at drinking water utilities in the Ohio river valley basin

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
J.G. Schulte ◽  
A.H. Vicory
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
The United States ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Ohio River Valley

Source water quality is of major concern to all drinking water utilities. The accidental introduction of contaminants to their source water is a constant threat to utilities withdrawing water from navigable or industrialized rivers. The events of 11 September, 2001 in the United States have heightened concern for drinking water utility security as their source water and finished water may be targets for terrorist acts. Efforts are underway in several parts of the United States to strengthen early warning capabilities. This paper will focus on those efforts in the Ohio River Valley Basin.

An approach for determining the most critical among a suite of chemical contaminants at a drinking water intake

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-845
Author(s):  
Fei Chen ◽  
William B. Anderson ◽  
Peter M. Huck
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Raw Water Quality

An integrated approach for the identification and assessment of the most critical chemical contaminant(s) at a drinking water intake has been developed. It involves the determination of a threshold or critical raw water concentration (CRWC) for target contaminants using the observed overall removal efficiency of a specific water treatment plant (WTP) and regulated drinking water concentrations for the target contaminants. The exceedance probability relative to the CRWC based on historical raw water quality monitoring data is then calculated. Finally, the integration of the raw water quality data and the overall efficiency of a particular WTP sequence allows for identification of the most critical contaminant(s) as well as an advance indication of which contaminants are most likely to challenge a plant. The proactive nature of this approach gives a utility the impetus and time to assess current treatment processes and potential alternatives. In addition, it was found that three- or four-parameter theoretical distributions are more appropriate than two-parameter probability distributions for the fitting of raw water quality data. This study reveals that the reliance on raw and/or treated water contaminant concentrations in isolation or on theoretical removals through treatment processes can, in some circumstances, be misguided.

scholarly journals Trihalomethane precursor reactivity changes in drinking water treatment unit processes during a storm event

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2098-2106
Author(s):  
Chelsea W. Neil ◽  
Yingying Zhao ◽  
Amy Zhao ◽  
Jill Neal ◽  
Maria Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Source Water Quality

Abstract Source water quality can significantly impact the efficacy of water treatment unit processes and the formation of chlorinated and brominated trihalomethanes (THMs). Current water treatment plant performance models may not accurately capture how source water quality variations, such as organic matter variability, can impact treatment unit processes. To investigate these impacts, a field study was conducted wherein water samples were collected along the treatment train for 72 hours during a storm event. Systematic sampling and detailed analyses of water quality parameters, including non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC), UV absorbance, and THM concentrations, as well as chlorine spiking experiments, reveal how the THM formation potential changes in response to treatment unit processes. Results show that the NPOC remaining after treatment has an increased reactivity towards forming THMs, and that brominated THMs form more readily than chlorinated counterparts in a competitive reaction. Thus both the reactivity and quantity of THM precursors must be considered to maintain compliance with drinking water standards, a finding that should be incorporated into the development of model-assisted treatment operation and optimization. Advanced granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment beyond conventional coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation processes may also be necessary to remove the surge loading of THM-formation precursors during a storm event.

Treatment of taste and odor causing substances in drinking water

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngsug Kim ◽  
Yeongho Lee ◽  
Chai S. Gee ◽  
Euiso Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Process Scheme ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Detectable Concentration ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

To collect fundamental data for the improvement of drinking water quality, focusing on the removal of 2-MIB, Geosmin, IPMP, IBMP and TCA, a total of 20m3/d pilot plant was operated with process schemes of GAC with post-O3(PP-I), and without ozonation(PP-II). Five taste and odor causing substances could be removed to non-detectable concentration with PP-I, but GAC alone was not so effective as PP-I. The larger the EBCT and Iodine Number of GAC column employed, the higher the removal efficiencies expected. The minimum EBCT and Iodine Number were respectively 15 min and 1,000 mg/g of GAC column. Geosmin removal efficiencies ranged 30 to 40% at 15.6 ng/l during conventional process scheme, but 70 to 80% removal was achieved by the PP-I and 60 to 70% by PP-II was achieved. IPMP removal efficiencies were 60 to 80% with GAC only. IBMP and TCA were seldom detected in raw water samples, but TCA was the most difficult to remove of five taste and odor causing substances.

scholarly journals Child dysentery in the Limpopo Valley: a cohort study of water, sanitation and hygiene risk factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Gundry ◽  
James A. Wright ◽  
Ronán M. Conroy ◽  
Martella Du Preez ◽  
Bettina Genthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Increased Risk

The objective of this cohort study was to assess risk factors for child dysentery and watery diarrhoea. The study participants consisted of 254 children aged 12–24 months in rural South Africa and Zimbabwe in households where drinking water was collected from communal sources. The main outcome measure was the most severe diarrhoea episode: dysentery, watery diarrhoea or none. For dysentery, drinking water from sources other than standpipes had a relative risk ratio of 3.8 (95% CI 1.5–9.8). Poor source water quality, as indicated by Escherichia coli counts of 10 or more cfu 100 ml−1, increased risk by 2.9 (1.5–5.7). There were no other significant risk factors for dysentery and none for watery diarrhoea. In this study, endemic dysentery is associated only with faecal contamination of source water. Sources other than standpipes, including improved groundwater, are of greater risk. Remediation of water quality by treatment at source or in the household will be required to achieve access to safe drinking water in accordance with the 7th Millennium Development Goal.

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