The Relationship between the Initial Gas Ratios and the Condensed Phase Composition in the CVD of BxC with BCl3-CH4-H2 Precursors

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1761-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Li Deng ◽  
Lai Fei Cheng ◽  
Li Ning Gao ◽  
Ke He Su
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Deposition Condition ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Rich Phase ◽  
Healing Phase ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
The Relationship

For the preparation of the self-healing phase BxC with BCl3-CH4-H2precursors, the production has been examined as a function of the initial gas ratios of BCl3/(BCl3+CH4) and H2/(BCl3+CH4) at given temperature and pressure. The results show that the composition of the condensed phase is quite sensitive to the molar ratio of BCl3/(BCl3+CH4) and H2/(BCl3+CH4). The ideal condition for the deposition of BxC is that the ratio of BCl3/(BCl3+CH4) is 0.8 and the H2/(BCl3+CH4) ratio ranges from 10 to 105.2. The carbon or boron-rich material is mainly controlled by the ratios of BCl3/(BCl3+CH4) and H2/(BCl3+CH4). The deposition condition of carbon-rich phase should be in low BCl3/(BCl3+CH4) (0.0~0.8) and H2/(BCl3+CH4) (10-2<102) ratios, whereas that of the boron-rich phase needs high BCl3/(BCl3+CH4) (0.8~1.0) and H2/(BCl3+CH4) (104~105) ratios.

Desire for Self-healing

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 317-335
Author(s):  
Ngar-sze Lau
Keyword(s):  
Theravada Buddhism ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Core Knowledge ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Physical Suffering ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Core Practice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

Abstract This practice report describes how Chinese meditators understand the “four foundations of mindfulness” (satipaṭṭhāna, sinianzhu 四念住) as a remedy for both mental and physical suffering. In the tradition of Theravāda Buddhism, satipaṭṭhāna is particularly recognized as the core knowledge for understanding the relationship between mind and body, and the core practice leading to liberation from suffering. Based on interviews with Chinese meditation practitioners, this study develops three main themes concerning how they have alleviated afflictions through the practice of satipaṭṭhāna. The first theme highlights how practitioners learn to overcome meditation difficulties with “right attitude.” The second theme is about practicing awareness with “six sense doors” open in order to facilitate the balance of the “five faculties.” The third theme explores how practitioners cultivate daily life practice through an understanding of the nature of mind and body as impermanent and as not-self. This paper details how these themes and embodied practices of satipaṭṭhāna constitute ways of self-healing for urban educated Buddhists in the contemporary Chinese context.

scholarly journals The relationship of oleic acid/albumin molar ratio and clinical outcomes in leptospirosis

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e06420
Author(s):  
Caroline Azevedo Martins ◽  
Maria Conceição B dos Santos ◽  
Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque ◽  
Hugo Caire Castro-Faria-Neto ◽  
Mauro Velho Castro-Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Carbon Black. I—A Study of Its Volatile Constituents

1928 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The rates of evolution of gas from carbon black with variation of time, temperature, and pressure have been determined. Complete analyses have been made of five types of carbon black, which involve an organic combustion of the original sample, an organic combustion of the sample after the gases have been removed, a determination of the loss in weight represented by the gases removed, analyses of the gases removed, and finally a complete accounting, or balance, of the carbon in the steps considered. In an attempt to supply some missing information not revealed by the foregoing, some special gas analyses under varying conditions were made. The relationship between the amount and composition of volatile matter evolved from carbon blacks and the properties imparted to vulcanized rubber when compounded with these blacks has been studied.

scholarly journals Linking the lithogenic, atmospheric, and biogenic cycles of silicate, carbonate, and organic carbon in the ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 6579-6599
Author(s):  
S. V. Smith ◽  
J.-P. Gattuso
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Geochemical theory describes long term cycling of atmospheric CO2 between the atmosphere and rocks at the Earth surface in terms of rock weathering and precipitation of sedimentary minerals. Chemical weathering of silicate rocks takes up atmospheric CO2, releases cations and HCO3− to water, and precipitates SiO2, while CaCO3 precipitation consumes Ca2+ and HCO3− and releases one mole of CO2 to the atmosphere for each mole of CaCO3 precipitated. At steady state, according to this theory, the CO2 uptake and release should equal one another. In contradiction to this theory, carbonate precipitation in the present surface ocean releases only about 0.6 mol of CO2 per mole of carbonate precipitated. This is a result of the buffer effect described by Ψ, the molar ratio of net CO2 gas evasion to net CaCO3 precipitation from seawater in pCO2 equilibrium with the atmosphere. This asymmetry in CO2 flux between weathering and precipitation would quickly exhaust atmospheric CO2, posing a conundrum in the classical weathering and precipitation cycle. While often treated as a constant, Ψ actually varies as a function of salinity, pCO2, and temperature. Introduction of organic C reactions into the weathering-precipitation couplet largely reconciles the relationship. ψ in the North Pacific Ocean central gyre rises from 0.6 to 0.9, as a consequence of organic matter oxidation in the water column. ψ records the combined effect of CaCO3 and organic reactions and storage of dissolved inorganic carbon in the ocean, as well as CO2 gas exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. Further, in the absence of CaCO3 reactions, Ψ would rise to 1.0. Similarly, increasing atmospheric pCO2 over time, which leads to ocean acidification, alters the relationship between organic and inorganic C reactions and carbon storage in the ocean. Thus, the carbon reactions and ψ can cause large variations in oceanic carbon storage with little exchange with the atmosphere.

Solution Chemistry

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-198
Author(s):  
Christopher O. Oriakhi
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ionic Compounds ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

Solution Chemistry discusses the solution process, properties of solutions, saturated solutions and solubility, and factors affecting the solubility of solutes. Several quantitative measures of concentration are explained: percent by mass, parts per million, molarity, molality, normality and mole fraction. A systematic method of solving solubility problems is reviewed and several illustrative examples provided. Solubility is described as an equilibrium process with emphasis on the effect of temperature and pressure on the solubility of solute. The relationship between solubility and temperature for ionic compounds is illustrated by solubility curves. Henry’s law, which expresses the relationship between the pressure of a gas and its solubility, is discussed.

Temperature Profile of Microencapsulation for Self-Healing Application

2010 ◽  
Vol 143-144 ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Li ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Healing Efficiency ◽  
Performance Surface ◽  
The Relationship

Healing agents significantly affect the efficiency of healing microcracks, which produced from life-time service in composites. And microencapsulating 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) with Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF) shell possessing higher self-healing efficiency is sensitive to the manufacture temperature profile which is difficult to control but crucial to the microcapsule performance and thus the reproducibility. In this paper, we studied the relationship between heating curve (rate, steps and time) and microcapsule performance (surface morphology, thermal stability and shell thickness). It shows that fast-slower heating stage produces the best quality of microcapsule with proper outer and inner surface which can endure 285°C, and the particle size is about 100m with 400-700nm shell thickness.

Self-Healing Phase Change Salogels with Tunable Gelation Temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 14786-14795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Karimineghlani ◽  
Anbazhagan Palanisamy ◽  
Svetlana A. Sukhishvili
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Gelation Temperature ◽  
Healing Phase

Evaluating the potential of different carbon sources to promote denitrification

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-205
Author(s):  
J. C. Dlamini ◽  
D. Chadwick ◽  
J. M. B. Hawkins ◽  
J. Martinez ◽  
D. Scholefield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Organic Soil Amendments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Denitrification Process

AbstractOrganic carbon (C) plays an essential role in the denitrification process as it supplies energy for N2O, N2 and CO2 producing reactions. The objectives of this study were to: (i) rank the reactivity of different C compounds found in manures based on their availability for denitrification and (ii) explore C-quality in different C sources based on their capacity to promote denitrification. Evaluation of different C-sources in promoting denitrification was conducted based on the molar ratio of CO2 production to NO3− reduction after incubation. Results of the first experiment (a 12-day investigation) showed that glucose and glucosamine were highly reactive C compounds with all applied NO3− being exhausted by day 3, and glucosamine had significantly high amount of NH4+-N present at end of the experiment. The glucose and glucosamine treatments resulted in significantly greater cumulative CO2 production, compared to the other treatments. In the second experiment (a 9-day investigation), all NO3− had been depleted by day 6 and 9 from acetic acid and glucose, respectively, and the greatest cumulative CO2 production was from acetic acid. The CO2 appearance to NO3− molar ratios revealed that glucose and glucosamine were compounds with highly available C in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the pig slurry and acetic acid were found to be C-sources that promoted potential denitrification. The application of slurry to soil results in the promotion of denitrification and this depends on the availability of the C compounds it contains. Understanding the relationship between C availability and denitrification potential is useful for developing denitrification mitigation strategies for organic soil amendments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document