Growth Rate Model and Temperature-Changing Fermentation Process of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Mori M4-13

2011 ◽  
Vol 282-283 ◽  
pp. 531-534
Author(s):  
Yao Liang ◽  
Jie Cheng ◽  
Rong Bin Lv ◽  
Sheng Jie Zhang ◽  
Fei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Substance ◽  
Plant Growth Substance ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Root Model ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Solid Foundation

Pseudomonas syringaepv. mori M4-13 is a new coronatine-production strain isolated from mulberry trees. As a high efficient plant growth substance, coronatine is difficult to obtain from the traditional bacteria under the high temperature. The fermentation temperature cannot be greater than 301K. However, the coronatine production is strictly growth associated. Therefore, biomass growth and accumulation of coronatine should be studied coordinately. In this paper, the growth rate of the strain was studied by the square root model, and the temperature-changing fermentation pattern of coronatine was optimized. In the fitting function of , the value of b was 0.03276, c was 0.1759, R2= 0.99. Based on the results, the optimal growth temperature of Pseudomonas syringae pv.moriM4-13 is 305K. The accumulation of coronatine reaches the peak, when the strain was incubated at the 305K for 3 days, following with the fermentation at 291K for another 3days. This fermentation pattern lay a solid foundation for the large-scale applications in the industrial production.

scholarly journals An efficient direct screening system for microorganisms that activate plant immune responses based on plant–microbe interactions using cultured plant cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Kurokawa ◽  
Masataka Nakano ◽  
Nobutaka Kitahata ◽  
Kazuyuki Kuchitsu ◽  
Toshiki Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Microbe Interactions

AbstractMicroorganisms that activate plant immune responses have attracted considerable attention as potential biocontrol agents in agriculture because they could reduce agrochemical use. However, conventional methods to screen for such microorganisms using whole plants and pathogens are generally laborious and time consuming. Here, we describe a general strategy using cultured plant cells to identify microorganisms that activate plant defense responses based on plant–microbe interactions. Microbial cells were incubated with tobacco BY-2 cells, followed by treatment with cryptogein, a proteinaceous elicitor of tobacco immune responses secreted by an oomycete. Cryptogein-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BY-2 cells served as a marker to evaluate the potential of microorganisms to activate plant defense responses. Twenty-nine bacterial strains isolated from the interior of Brassica rapa var. perviridis plants were screened, and 8 strains that enhanced cryptogein-induced ROS production in BY-2 cells were selected. Following application of these strains to the root tip of Arabidopsis seedlings, two strains, Delftia sp. BR1R-2 and Arthrobacter sp. BR2S-6, were found to induce whole-plant resistance to bacterial pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Pectobacterium carotovora subsp. carotovora NBRC 14082). Pathogen-induced expression of plant defense-related genes (PR-1, PR-5, and PDF1.2) was enhanced by the pretreatment with strain BR1R-2. This cell–cell interaction-based platform is readily applicable to large-scale screening for microorganisms that enhance plant defense responses under various environmental conditions.

scholarly journals 261 Increasing dietary amylose reduces rate of starch digestion and increases microbial fermentation in weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
F P Y Tan ◽  
L F Wang ◽  
E Beltranena ◽  
R T Zijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract Beneficial effects of SCFA in modulating gut health stimulated interest on dietary strategies to increase intestinal microbial activity and digesta SCFA. Amylose has lower apparent ileal digestibility (AID) than amylopectin. In the large intestine, undigested starch is fermented by microbes producing SCFA. The objective was to determine effects of increasing dietary amylose on starch flow and metabolite profile along the intestinal tract in weaned pigs. Weaned pigs (n=32; initial BW, 8.4 kg) were randomly allocated to 4 diets containing 67% starch with 0, 20, 35, or 70% amylose in a randomized complete block design. On day 21, pigs were euthanized to collect digesta and feces for evaluating starch digestion and metabolite profiles. Apparent hindgut fermentation (AHF) was calculated as apparent total tract digestibility minus AID. Feed intake was 12% lower (P < 0.05) and growth rate was 18% lower (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 70% amylose than pigs fed 0, 20, or 35% amylose. Feed efficiency was greatest (P < 0.05) for pigs fed with 35% amylose. The AID of starch was 44% lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed 70% amylose. Starch was completely digested by the proximal colon in pigs fed 0, 20, or 35% amylose, but AHF of starch was 14% greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed 70% amylose. Increasing dietary amylose did not alter digesta SCFA in the small intestine, but increased (P < 0.05) digesta SCFA in the cecum, specifically acetate and total SCFA, and increased (P < 0.05) propionate and valerate in all sections of the colon. In conclusion, increasing dietary amylose in weaned pigs stimulated hindgut fermentation of starch with a corresponding increase in digesta total SCFA in the cecum and colon. Optimizing dietary amylose may exert its effect as dietary prebiotic while promoting an optimal growth rate in young pigs.

scholarly journals Cloning, expression, and analysis of the group 2 allergen from Dermatophagoides farinae from China

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Yu-bao ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Shi Weihong ◽  
Ma Guifang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Dermatophagoides Farinae ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Group 2

To obtain the recombinant group 2 allergen product of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 2), the Der f 2 gene was synthesized by RT-PCR. The full-length cDNA comprised 441 nucleotides and was 99.3% identical to the reference sequence (GenBank AB195580). The cDNA was bound to vector pET28a to construct plasmid pET28a(+)-Der f 2, which was transformed into E. coli BL21 and induced by IPTG. SDS-PAGE showed a specific band of about 14kDa in the hole cell lysate. s estiated by chroatography, about 3.86 g of the recobinant product as obtained, which conjugated with serum IgE from asthmatic children. The protein had a signal peptide of 17 amino acids. Its secondary structure comprised an alpha helix (19.86%), an extended strand (30.82%), and a random coil (49.32%). The subcellular localization of this allergen was predicted to be at mitochondria. Furthermore, its function was shown to be associated with an MD-2-related lipid-recognition (ML) domain. The results of this study provide a solid foundation for large-scale production of the allergen for clinical diagnosis and treatent of allergic disorders.

scholarly journals UTILITY MAXIMIZATION IN A BINOMIAL MODEL WITH TRANSACTION COSTS: A DUALITY APPROACH BASED ON THE SHADOW PRICE PROCESS

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450022 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN BAYER ◽  
BEZIRGEN VELIYEV
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Asymptotic Expansion ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Shadow Price ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Explicit Construction ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Price Process

We consider the problem of optimizing the expected logarithmic utility of the value of a portfolio in a binomial model with proportional transaction costs with a long time horizon. By duality methods, we can find expressions for the boundaries of the no-trade-region and the asymptotic optimal growth rate, which can be made explicit for small transaction costs (in the sense of an asymptotic expansion). Here we find that, contrary to the classical results in continuous time, see Janeček and Shreve (2004), Finance and Stochastics8, 181–206, the size of the no-trade-region as well as the asymptotic growth rate depend analytically on the level λ of transaction costs, implying a linear first-order effect of perturbations of (small) transaction costs, in contrast to effects of orders λ1/3 and λ2/3, respectively, as in continuous time models. Following the recent study by Gerhold et al. (2013), Finance and Stochastics17, 325–354, we obtain the asymptotic expansion by an almost explicit construction of the shadow price process.

Modeling the Growth of Salmonella in Raw Poultry Stored under Aerobic Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 2429-2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVIA A. DOMINGUEZ ◽  
DONALD W. SCHAFFNER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Root Model ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Spoilage Microflora ◽  
Raw Poultry

The presence of Salmonella in raw poultry is a well-recognized risk factor for foodborne illness. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a mathematical model that predicts the growth of Salmonella in raw poultry stored under aerobic conditions at a variety of temperatures. One hundred twelve Salmonella growth rates were extracted from 12 previously published studies. These growth rates were used to develop a square-root model relating the growth rate of Salmonella to storage temperature. Model predictions were compared to growth rate measurements collected in our laboratory for four poultry-specific Salmonella strains (two antibiotic-resistant and two nonresistant strains) inoculated onto raw chicken tender-loins. Chicken was inoculated at two levels (103 CFU/cm2 and ≤ 10 CFU/cm2) and incubated at temperatures ranging from 10 to 37°C. Visual inspection of the data, bias and accuracy factors, and comparison with two other published models were used to analyze the performance of the new model. Neither antibiotic resistance nor inoculum size affected Salmonella growth rates. The presence of spoilage microflora did not appear to slow the growth of Salmonella. Our model provided intermediate predicted growth rates when compared with the two other published models. Our model predicted slightly faster growth rates than those observed in inoculated chicken in the temperature range of 10 to 28°C but slightly slower growth rates than those observed between 30 and 37°C. Slightly negative bias factors were obtained in every case (−5to −3%); however, application of the model may be considered fail-safe for storage temperatures below 28°C.

scholarly journals Addressing the Haze: The Role of Local Traditional Cultures and Islamic Teachings

ICR Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Shahino Mah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Related Mortality

The most frequent transboundary haze in the world takes place in Southeast Asia. It is usually caused by land-use changes, open burning, peat combustion, wildfires, and other farming activities. Serious haze occurred in 1983, 1997, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2015 and 2016, originating from large-scale forest fires in western Sumatra and southern Kalimantan, Indonesia. It caused adverse effects to locals as well as neighbouring countries, affecting their health, economy, agriculture, and biodiversity. Among the serious effects of haze are increased respiratory-related mortality due to toxic airborne particles, jet crashs and ship collisions due to restricted visibility, reduction of crop growth rate due to limited solar radiation, and extinction of endangered primates due to habitat loss. Neighbouring countries like Malaysia and Singapore sometimes have to close schools to prevent people from being exposed to air pollution, and its consequent respiratory ailments.  

scholarly journals Results from the implementation of the elastic viscous plastic sea ice rheology in HadCM3

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-803
Author(s):  
W. Connolley ◽  
A. Keen ◽  
A. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Hadley Centre ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. We present results of an implementation of the Elastic Viscous Plastic (EVP) sea ice dynamics scheme into the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model HadCM3. Although the large-scale simulation of sea ice in HadCM3 is quite good with this model, the lack of a full dynamical model leads to errors in the detailed representation of sea ice and limits our confidence in its future predictions. We find that introducing the EVP scheme results in a worse initial simulation of the sea ice. This paper documents various improvements made to improve the simulation, resulting in a sea ice simulation that is better than the original HadCM3 scheme overall. Importantly, it is more physically based and provides a more solid foundation for future improvement. We then consider the interannual variability of the sea ice in the new model and demonstrate improvements over the HadCM3 simulation.

scholarly journals EXPLORATION OF BROTH CHICKEN GUT AS GROWTH MEDIA OF Escherichia coli BL21 pET-Endo FOR ENDO-Β-1,4-D-XYLANASE PRODUCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Istri Ratnadewi ◽  
Moch. Yoris Alidion ◽  
Agung Budi Santoso ◽  
Ika Oktavianawatia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
E Coli

<p>Endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase is a hydrolytic enzyme that breakdown the 1.4 chain of xylan polysaccharide. We have succes to transform the plasmid pET-Endo gene encoding endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase from Bacillus sp. originally from termites abdominal to E. coli BL21. The clone was ready for large scale of enzyme production. To reduce production cost, we look for subtitute media for the expensive Luria Berthani broth. Chicken guts broth is good alternative while rich of protein and very cheap. The content of N dissolved chicken guts broth reaches 87 % of LB broth. Growth of E. Coli BL21 in Chicken guts broth and LB broth (as control) was observed by Optical Density (OD) using spectrofotometer. Concentration of glucose added in broth and incubation temperature was varied. The result showed that optimal growth was in addition of 1.5 % glucose and incubated at  37 <sup>o</sup>C for 16 h. This optimal condition was used to grow E. coli BL21 pET-Endo for xylanase production. Enzyme purification was done by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Highest protein yield was 0.076 mg/mL obtained in 100 mM imidazole elucidation. The activity and specific activity of xylanase were estimated as 0.042 U/mL and 0.556 U/µg, respectively. The purification factor was 3.16 time and the molecular weight of enzyme was ± 30, 000 Dalton</p>

scholarly journals Forward: There Are Still Plenty of Opportunities On the Boundaries

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Anisotropic Elasticity ◽  
Boundary Integral ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Hypersingular Integrals ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Local Integral Equations

<table width="530" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <a name="abstract"></a> <span class="subtitle" style="font-weight:bold">Abstract</span><br /> <p><img src="http://ejbe.libraries.rutgers.edu/files/rizzo.gif" align=left HSPACE=20>This is the second of the two special issues of Electronic Journal of Boundary Elements in honor of Professor Frank Rizzo. There are thirteen technical papers in this issue, contributed by Professor Rizzo’s colleagues, friends and former students. These papers cover a broad range of topics in the boundary integral equation and boundary element method (BIE/BEM), including Galerkin BEM for anisotropic elasticity (Gray, Griffith, et al.), evaluations of hypersingular integrals in Galerkin BEM (Bonnet and Guiggiani), Green’s function BEM for bimaterials (Denda), new 3-D Green’s functions for piezoelectric bimaterials (Pan), new formulations using local integral equations (Sladek and Sladek), BEM in sensitivity analysis with stress concentrations (Burczynski and Habarta), fracture of thermopiezoelectric materials (Qin), BEM for 3-D gradient elastodynamics (Polyzos, Tsepoura and Beskos), time-domain large-scale elastodynamic analysis (Yoshikawa and Nishimura), acoustic BEM for analyzing mufflers and silencers (Wu and Cheng), analysis of solids with randomly distributed inclusions (Yao, Kong and Zheng), thermal and stress analyses of thermal barrier coatings (Lu and Dong), and finally, modeling of carbon nanotube-based composites (Liu and Chen). These authors are gratefully acknowledged for their excellent contributions, and for their patience and cooperation in the process of preparing this special issue. It is interesting to note that the wide applications of the elasticity BIE/BEM in engineering all started with a simple idea. That is, boundary-value problems can be solved by boundary-only methods. The first result in this direction is also amazingly concise. During a recent trip to Urbana, Illinois, I checked out Professor Rizzo’s Ph.D. dissertation from the UIUC library. The thirty-page dissertation is without doubt a masterpiece that many current and future Ph.D. candidates may like to follow, for its originality and succinct writing. The dissertation laid a solid foundation for what is now called the BEM for elasticity and many other problems, and eventually led to the seminal paper of 1967. Behind this masterpiece are Professor Rizzo’s affection and conviction in the BIE/BEM and his willingness to explore a different route in research. This spirit of exploration and his serious attitude in research have inspired and influenced many of his former students and colleagues in the last forty years. Researchers in the pursuit of boundary-only methods can be described as explorers in a Flatland (see Professor Rizzo’s article in Issue No. 1). They can have different perspectives, but can also discover treasures that others could not uncover. As younger researchers come into this playground, new breakthroughs, just like the one made by Professor Rizzo in the 1960s, may not be far away. There will certainly be more innovative boundary-only methods emerging in the near future. More special numerical tools will be developed and more emerging problems will be solved by these new modeling tools. The fields of computational mechanics will be further diversified and thus prosperous. There are still plenty of opportunities on the boundaries! <br /><br /><br /> </td> </tr> </table>

scholarly journals Effect of physiological age of stem and IBA treatment on rooting of branch cuttings of Taxus baccata L.

1970 ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Saumitro Das ◽  
L.K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Rooting Response ◽  
Himalayan Yew ◽  
Rooting Capacity

The natural population of Taxus baccata L. (Himalayan Yew) throughout the Indian Himalayan Region is greatly reduced due to its extensive and reckless exploitation for “Taxol” an anticancer drug. The effects of overexploitation are exacerbated by the species poor regeneration process, slow growth rate and prolonged seed dormancy. Therefore vegetative propagation by branch cuttings seems to be only practical solution for its large scale multiplication. A study was conducted on six candidate trees (CTs) to examine the effect genotype, physiological age of stem, IBA treatment on rooting of Taxus baccata cuttings. Results revealed that rooting behaviour of cuttings was significantly affected by all the factors under study. Among the six CTs studied, CT 2 (from BSI, Shillong) had given the highest rooting response (46.28%). The juvenile cuttings have the higher rooting capacity; however the callusing was more prominent in mature cutting. The influence of IBA treatment was also significant for rooting where 1000 was most effective for stimulating rooting juvenile cuttings and 2000 ppm in mature cuttings.

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