The Research on Long Life for Top and Bottom Combined Blown Converter on Semi-Steel Steelmaking

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1089-1095
Author(s):  
An Lin Li ◽  
Xin Teng Liang ◽  
Jian Jun Weng ◽  
Dian Rong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Theoretical Calculation ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Practical Test ◽  
End Point ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Bottom Blowing ◽  
Gas Supply

According to the structure of purging plugs, the limit gas flow is obtained through theoretical calculation or practical test, that the minimum gas flow is 45Nm3/h and the maximum gas flow is 200Nm3/h.Different bottom blowing patterns suitable for smelting system were established based on different gas supply conditions about two and four purging plugs, at the same time, the maintenance technology of purging plug is developed under the condition of semi-steel steelmaking, these technologies are technology that is effective to improve the service life of purging plugs. A good result has been obtained after the combined blowing technology was put into production. The life of combined blown converters were greatly improved, the average life of combined blown is over 7000 heats, the life of combined blown can be the same with that of converter, the TFe in the slag is lowered by 3.25%, the [O] in steel is decreased by103PPm, the measured [C]·[O] at the end point of smelting is as high as 0.0026, the yield of alloy is increased significantly.

scholarly journals Influence of center gas supply device on gas–solid flow in COREX shaft furnace through DEM–CFD model

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Zhou ◽  
Shuyu Wang ◽  
Binbin Du ◽  
Mingyin Kou ◽  
Zhiyong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Shaft Furnace ◽  
Middle Zone ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Particle Segregation ◽  
Solid Flow ◽  
Corex Shaft Furnace ◽  
Gas Supply

AbstractIn order to develop the central gas flow in COREX shaft furnace, a new installment of center gas supply device (CGD) is designed. In this work, a coupled DEM–CFD model was employed to study the influence of CGD on gas–solid flow in COREX shaft furnace. The particle descending velocity, particle segregation behaviour, void distribution and gas distribution were investigated. The results show that the CGD affects the particles descending velocity remarkably as the burden falling down to the slot. Particle segregation can be observed under the inverse ‘V’ burden profile, and the influence of CGD on the particle segregation is unobvious on the whole, which causes the result that the voidage is slightly changed. Although the effect of CGD on solid flow is not significant, the gas flow in shaft furnace has an obvious change. Compared with the condition without CGD, in the case with CGD, the gas velocity is improved significantly, especially in the middle zone of the furnace, which further promotes the center gas distribution. Meanwhile, the pressure drop in the furnace with the installation of CGD is increased partly.

Performance of sanitary sewer collection system odour control devices operating in diverse conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2527-2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kay Camarillo ◽  
William T. Stringfellow ◽  
Jeremy S. Hanlon ◽  
Elizabeth Basha
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Control Devices

Controlling odours from sanitary sewer systems is challenging as a result of the expansive nature of these systems. Addition of oxidizing chemicals is often practiced as a mitigation strategy. One alternative is to remove odorous compounds in the gases vented from manholes using adsorptive media. In this study, odour control devices located at manholes were observed to determine the ability of these systems to reduce hydrogen sulphide from vented gases. The odour control devices incorporated pressure regulation to control gas flow out of manhole covers and adsorptive media to remove hydrogen sulphide in the vented gases prior to release. Pressure regulation was accomplished using a variable volume bladder and two pressure relief valves that permitted gas flow when pressures exceeded 1.3 to 2.5 cm water column. The reduction in gas flow vented from manholes was intended to extend the service life of the adsorptive media, as compared with odour control devices that do not incorporate pressure modulation. Devices were deployed at four locations and three adsorptive media were tested. Although measured collection system hydrogen sulphide concentrations varied from zero to over 1,000 ppm, the removal rates observed using odour control devices were typically above 90%. The lower removal rates observed at one of the sites (50.5 ± 36.1%) appeared related to high gas flow rates being emitted at this location. Activated carbon was used in most of the tests, although use of iron media resulted in the highest removal observed: 97.8 ± 3.6%. The expected service life of the adsorptive media contained within the odour control devices is a function of site-specific hydrogen sulphide concentrations and gas flow rates. The units used in this study were in service for more than 8 to 12 months prior to requiring media replacement.

scholarly journals Transformation of a mathematical model of gas flow distribution to solve the problems of gas supply system development

2020 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Nikolay Ilkevich ◽  
Tatyana Dzyubina ◽  
Zhanna Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
System Development ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
New Criteria ◽  
Gas Supply

This paper proposes taking into account new properties of gas supply systems in a mathematical model of flow distribution in comparison with the traditional formulation. The approach suggests introducing an arc coefficient, which allows for changes in the magnitude of gas flow passing along the arc, a vector of an increase in the arc throughput, and lower constraints on the gas flow along the arc. We also propose considering a new economic environment, namely, new criteria for optimizing the flow distribution and setting fictitious gas prices for consumers. These criteria enable us to take account of the priority gas supply to a definite group of consumers. As an example, the calculation of gas flows for the aggregated Unified Gas Supply System (UGSS) for 2030 is considered. This calculation takes into account the arc coefficients and the increase in the throughput of arcs.

scholarly journals The concept of reliability-oriented accounting of leaks in gas supply systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 03021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Gnezhdilova ◽  
Anna Malysheva ◽  
Anna Gagulina ◽  
Aleksandr Ovsienko
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Measuring Error ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Method Of Evaluation ◽  
Gas Leaks ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Gas Supply

The concept of reliability-oriented maintenance of gas distribution networks is substantiated. Performed an analytical review of works of leading scientists in the field of the theory of gas supply of individual household. It has been established that the question of control and to prevent gas leaks remains relevant now. It is proved, that for engineering systems use gas for domestic purposes, also the greatest risk are low-intensity gas leaks, that hardly controlled by hardware due to accounting errors. An algorithm is presented for vulnerability assessment elements engineering gas supply systems for leaks. The mathematical model for the evaluation of measuring error of parametric parameter of gas flow in the system. The technique for monitoring the tightness of gas systems engineering with the rationale for selecting the method of evaluation of error results.

Research on the Influence of Furnace Structure on Copper Cooling Stave Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2019) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Feng-guang Li ◽  
Jian-liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Variational Structure ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gas Flow Velocity ◽  
Copper Stave

AbstractIn this paper, a blast furnace gas flow distribution model with variable furnace structure was founded based on CFD (computational fluid dynamics) theory, and the gas velocity distribution near the surface of the copper staves in different areas of the BF is calculated under different conditions of variational structure parameters like Bosh angle, shaft angle, and the newly proposed “equivalent Bosh angle.” Based on the calculation, the influence rule of the BF structure on the service life of copper stave and the corresponding operation measures were obtained. The result shows that the increase of the Bosh angle and the decrease of the shaft angle will incur increasing of the gas flow velocity near the surface of the copper staves, which is harmful to the cooling stave life; the variation of the equivalent Bosh angle has a most significant influence on the cooling stave life, and the increase of the equivalent Bosh angle will cause a sharp increase of the gas flow velocity, which will damage the copper staves seriously; adopting long tuyeres and minishing the equivalent Bosh angle will reduce the washing action of the gas flow and ensure the stability of slag hanging to achieve a long service life of copper staves.

Analysis of Performance and Thermal-Fluid Characteristics in a Planar Type Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyojung Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Ceramic Plate ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Average Current Density ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Gas Supply

This work studied internal loss factors (flow rate, pressure, partial pressure, voltage, current, temperature, etc.) in a unit cell and stack of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) with different separator materials, operation temperature and types of gas supply channels by employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A steel separator (AISI430) was superior to a ceramic plate (LaCrO3) in an aspect of thermal stress due to high thermal conductivity but inferior at average current density and fuel utilization rate. As initial temperature at the cell inlet was lowered from 950 °C to 650 °C per each pattern of gas flow (co-flow and counter-flow), useful data were acquired to analyze a performance drop. I-V curves at 650 °C and 900 °C, which involved various parameters as separator materials and directions of gas supply, compared performance characterization between low and high temperature SOFC and also implied the most effective combination.

Nuovi dati desunti dallo spoglio di un archivio parrocchiale di tre secoli

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
L. Gandini
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Life Factor

SUMMARYIn this work the author by making use of parochial archives in Busnago (Milan) has controlled the long life proceeding of 187 among the 259 twins-pairs numbered during a period of three centuries (1632-1962). The author has verified the mothers' age at the moment of childbirth.He has been able to point out a greatest concordance in the average life time of the MZ pairs in comparison with the DZ ones, which agrees with the hypothesis of a genetic long life factor. The mothers' average age, studied on a small group of population during a period of three centuries resulted, in the 159 cases the author could peruse, to be from 30 to 35 years, of age in agreement with the data collected by Gedda on the global Italian population during short periods of time.This average age supports the hypothesis that among the factors of multiple pregnancies may be numbered besides mothers' age a geographic (racial) variability.

scholarly journals Black Point Gas Pipeline Storage Pressure Letdown Control Valves

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Kowalski ◽  
K. C. Ng ◽  
Thomas J. Mueller ◽  
Herbert L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Generator Unit ◽  
Pressure Control Valve ◽  
Gas Supply

A long 778 km high pressure, submarine pipeline supplying natural gas will serve multiple combined cycle gas turbine peaking units on the Pacific Rim. The gas supply flow into the pipeline is constant, but the power plant will primarily operate during daylight hours or in certain situations, operate in a two-shift mode. So the pipeline essentially serves as an increasing pressure, gas storage vessel during the night, and pressure falls off during the day as the gas is fired. Hence, the gas letdown receiving station presented many critical design challenges. Among these were the need for constant plant service pressure control, especially during individual power generator unit startup, shutdown, and upset conditions. In addition, there was a very severe noise attenuation requirement and high gas flow rangeability was required. This complex, integrated gas pressure, control valve letdown system and its operation is described in detail.

scholarly journals Refining control of top- and bottom-blowing converter by manipulating bottom-blown gas flow rate.

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 372-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hei-ichiro ISO ◽  
Yujiro UEDA ◽  
Toru YOSHIDA ◽  
Shouichi OSADA ◽  
Shujiro ETO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Bottom Blowing
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