Microstructure of CrN-Based Nano Composite Solid Lubrication Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 2007-2010
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Yue Lan Di ◽  
Zhi Hai Cai ◽  
Yang Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Solid Lubrication ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Preferential Growth ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Mo Content ◽  
Composite Solid ◽  
Preferential Growth Orientation

The complex plating-sulfurizing process which fitted magnetron sputtering together with low temperature ion sulfurizing, was utilized to prepare a new CrN-based nano composite solid lubrication films with different Mo content. The structure, surface morphology, composition, and valence states of CrMoN composite coatings are tested by XRD, EDS, SEM and XPS respectively. The SEM results showed that the roughness of CrN composite coating reduces with addition of Mo element. X-ray diffraction pattern indicated that the preferential growth orientation of the coatings is changed from CrN (111) to CrN (220) after the addition of Mo element, the diffraction peaks shift leftwards as Mo content increasing, and the majority of phases are Mo2N and CrN, besides which MoS2 and Cr2S3 were created.

Compositional, Structural and Mechanical Properties of (Ti,Cr,Al)N Coatings Deposited on the Surface of Piston Rings

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 1495-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hai Cai ◽  
Hang Qin ◽  
Xiao Kun Du ◽  
Zhen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Preferential Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Plating ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Arc Current ◽  
Crn Coatings ◽  
Preferential Growth Orientation

A novel super hard coating system of (Ti,Cr,Al)N was synthesized by multi arc ion plating technology. The Metallic ratio of Cr, Ti, and Al was varied by adjusting the currents of different TiAl target. The CrTiAlN composite coatings with different chemical composition were deposited on the surface of 65Mn steels by multi-ion plating technology in a gas mixture of Ar+N2. The coatings were characterized by means of energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) analysis, X-ray diffractmetry(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), microhardness tester respectively. The experimental results show that the deposition velocity of CrTiAlN coatings reached maximum value, about 72nm/min. And the surface morphology of CrAlTiN films are compact and dense. The main composition of CrTiAlN composite films is Cr、Ti、Al、N, with the mass percent of Cr 29.61%,Ti 21.42%,Al 14.88%,N 34.10%. And the cross-section morphology appears as fibrous columnar crystals structure. Compared with CrN coatings, the preferential growth orientation of CrAlTiN films was changed from CrN (111) to CrN (200) after the addition of Ti, Al element. When the TiAl target arc current was 50A, the hardness reached the maximum value, 35GPa.

Study on Cubic GaN Growth on (001) Rutile TiO2 Substrates by ECR-MBE

2002 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Araki ◽  
H. Mamiya ◽  
K. Kitamura ◽  
Y. Nanishi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Preferential Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Luminescence Peak ◽  
Cubic Gan ◽  
First Time ◽  
Preferential Growth Orientation ◽  
Resonance Plasma

ABSTRACTGaN layers were grown on a (001) rutile TiO2 substrate by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-excited molecular beam epitaxy. For the first time, c-GaN with a preferential growth orientation was obtained. Based on the results from electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction analysis, we found that c-GaN with the growth direction of [110] was grown on the TiO2 substrate. The formation of c-GaN was also confirmed by cathodoluminescence, in which a luminescence peak was observed at 3.24eV.

Effects of Al Content on the Microstructures and Oxidation Resistance of Cr1-xAlxN Films Synthesized by Multi-Arc Ion Plating Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 155-156 ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hai Cai ◽  
Yue Lan Di ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Preferential Growth ◽  
Ion Plating ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Crn Coatings ◽  
Preferential Growth Orientation

The CrAlN composite coatings with different Al content are deposited on 65Mn steel substrate by multi-ion plating technology. The structure, surface morphology, composition and oxidation resistance of CrAlN composite coatings are tested by XRD, EDS, SEM and oxidation furnace, respectively. The experimental results show that the preferential growth orientation of the coatings was changed from CrN (111) to CrN (200) after the addition of Al element. And the surface roughness of CrAlN coatings increase gradually with increasing of Al content. Compared with CrN coatings, the CrAlN composite coatings show much better oxidation resistance. And the oxidation resistance ability will enhance with increasing Al content, because Al and Cr oxide form after oxidation in high temperature condition which could reduce the diffusivity ability of oxygen.

Composition, Structure and Electrical Resistivity of ZnO1-x Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering under Various O2/Ar Gas Ratios

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 723-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Zhi Jian Peng ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Xiu Li Fu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Preferential Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Interstitial Zinc ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Ar Gas ◽  
Preferential Growth Orientation

ZnO1-x thin films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on conducting silicon wafers at room temperature with ZnOn (n≤1) target under an atmosphere of O2/Ar ratio varying from 0 to 2.0. The correlation between composition, structure and electrical resistivity of the obtained films was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the prepared würtzite ZnO1-x films had c-axis preferential growth orientation. When the O2/Ar ratio was lower than 0.5, the main form of defects in the films was oxygen vacancy; when it was 0.5, the composition of the film approached to the stoichiometric ZnO and had the least number of defects; after that, the main type of defects in the films was interstitial zinc. Thus, with increasing O2/Ar ratio, the electrical resistivity of the films increased first and then decreased.

The Microstructures of the Biomineralized Bivalvia Shells

1989 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Huang ◽  
H.D. Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vibrational States ◽  
Prismatic Layer ◽  
Preferential Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Growth Orientation ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Preferential Growth Orientation

AbstractThe paper presents the detailed study of the structural features of the biomineralized bivalvia shells. The Cristaria plicata(Leach), Anodonta woodianal(Lea) and Lamprotula Leai(Gray) are selected as the prototype in the present study. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscope and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) are employed to study the structures of the shells. It is found that three different layers of the shells possess distinct morphologies and structures with a clear boundary between every two layers. The prismatic layer can be further divided into two sub–layers. The preferential growth orientation of the biominerahzed phases were different from the natural ones. The Raman spectra present the detailed vibrational states of these biomineralized phases, while ESCA reveals that the chemical environments of the atoms in pearl layer are less varied than those in the other two layers.

Control of the phase composition of advanced calcium phosphates using an x-ray diffractometer with a curved position-sensitive detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
V. P. Sirotinkin ◽  
O. V. Baranov ◽  
A. Yu. Fedotov ◽  
S. M. Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impurity Phases ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The results of studying the phase composition of advanced calcium phosphates Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, β-Ca3(PO4)2, α-Ca3(PO4)2, CaHPO4 · 2H2O, Ca8(HPO4)2(PO4)4 · 5H2O using an x-ray diffractometer with a curved position-sensitive detector are presented. Optimal experimental conditions (angular positions of the x-ray tube and detector, size of the slits, exposure time) were determined with allowance for possible formation of the impurity phases during synthesis. The construction features of diffractometers with a position-sensitive detector affecting the profile characteristics of x-ray diffraction peaks are considered. The composition for calibration of the diffractometer (a mixture of sodium acetate and yttrium oxide) was determined. Theoretical x-ray diffraction patterns for corresponding calcium phosphates are constructed on the basis of the literature data. These x-ray diffraction patterns were used to determine the phase composition of the advanced calcium phosphates. The features of advanced calcium phosphates, which should be taken into account during the phase analysis, are indicated. The powder of high-temperature form of tricalcium phosphate strongly adsorbs water from the environment. A strong texture is observed on the x-ray diffraction spectra of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. A rather specific x-ray diffraction pattern of octacalcium phosphate pentahydrate revealed the only one strong peak at small angles. In all cases, significant deviations are observed for the recorded angular positions and relative intensity of the diffraction peaks. The results of the study of experimentally obtained mixtures of calcium phosphate are presented. It is shown that the graphic comparison of experimental x-ray diffraction spectra and pre-recorded spectra of the reference calcium phosphates and possible impurity phases is the most effective method. In this case, there is no need for calibration. When using this method, the total time for analysis of one sample is no more than 10 min.

Evaluation of the Diamond Particle Content in Ni-P Nano-Composite Coatings

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
D. Dietrich ◽  
A. Eilert ◽  
D. Nickel ◽  
T. Lampke
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Diamond Particle ◽  
Particle Content ◽  
Nano Composite

scholarly journals A novel and potentially scalable CVD-based route towards SnO2:Mo thin films as transparent conducting oxides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianlei Ma ◽  
Marek Nikiel ◽  
Andrew G. Thomas ◽  
Mohamed Missous ◽  
David J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conducting Oxides ◽  
Valence States ◽  
3 Omega ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn this report, we prepared transparent and conducting undoped and molybdenum-doped tin oxide (Mo–SnO2) thin films by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD). The relationship between the precursor concentration in the feed and in the resulting films was studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, suggesting that the efficiency of doping is quantitative and that this method could potentially impart exquisite control over dopant levels. All SnO2 films were in tetragonal structure as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction measurements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterisation indicated for the first time that Mo ions were in mixed valence states of Mo(VI) and Mo(V) on the surface. Incorporation of Mo6+ resulted in the lowest resistivity of $$7.3 \times 10^{{ - 3}} \Omega \,{\text{cm}}$$ 7.3 × 10 - 3 Ω cm , compared to pure SnO2 films with resistivities of $$4.3\left( 0 \right) \times 10^{{ - 2}} \Omega \,{\text{cm}}$$ 4.3 0 × 10 - 2 Ω cm . Meanwhile, a high transmittance of 83% in the visible light range was also acquired. This work presents a comprehensive investigation into impact of Mo doping on SnO2 films synthesised by AACVD for the first time and establishes the potential for scalable deposition of SnO2:Mo thin films in TCO manufacturing. Graphical abstract

Comparative Studies of Ultra Low-κ Porous Silica Films with 2-D Hexagonal and Disordered Pore Structures

2004 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobutoshi Fujii ◽  
Kazuhiro Yamada ◽  
Yoshiaki Oku ◽  
Nobuhiro Hata ◽  
Yutaka Seino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Silica Film ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Silica Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Porous Silica Film ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

AbstractPeriodic 2-dimensional (2-D) hexagonal and the disordered pore structure silica films have been developed using nonionic surfactants as the templates. The pore structure was controlled by the static electrical interaction between the micelle of the surfactant and the silica oligomer. No X-ray diffraction peaks were observed for the disordered mesoporous silica films, while the pore diameters of 2.0-4.0 nm could be measured by small angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy. By comparing the properties of the 2-D hexagonal and the disordered porous silica films which have the same porosity, it is found that the disordered porous silica film has advantages in terms of the dielectric constant and Young's modulus as well as the hardness. The disordered porous silica film is more suitable for the interlayer dielectrics for ULSI.

The crystal chemistry of the uranyl carbonate mineral grimselite, (K, Na)3Na[(UO2)(CO3)3](H2O), from Jáchymov, Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Plášil ◽  
K. Fejfarová ◽  
R. Skála ◽  
R. Škoda ◽  
N. Meisser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Carbonate Mineral ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Uranyl Carbonate ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

AbstractTwo crystals of the uranyl carbonate mineral grimselite, ideally K3Na[(UO2)(CO3)3](H2O), from Jáchymov in the Czech Republic were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron-probe microanalysis. One crystal has considerably more Na than the ideal chemical composition due to substitution of Na into KO8 polyhedra; the composition of the other crystal is nearer to ideal, and similar to synthetic grimselite. The presence of Na atoms in KO8 polyhedra, which are located in channels in the crystal structure, reduces their volume, and as a result the unit-cell volume also decreases. Structure refinement shows that the formula for the sample with the anomalously high Na content is (K2.43Na0.57)Σ3.00Na[(UO2)(CO3)3](H2O). The unit-cell parameters, refined in space group P2c, are a = 9.2507(1), c = 8.1788(1) Å, V = 606.14(3) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure was refined to R1 = 0.0082 and wR1 = 0.0185 with a GOF = 1.33, based on 626 observed diffraction peaks [Iobs>3σ(I)].

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