Dyeing Properties of Chitosan-Sulfamic Acid Solution Treated Wool with Silane Coupling Agent

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Mei He ◽  
Kong Liang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Wool Fabrics ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Higher Temperature

In this study, wool fabrics were treated with different concentration of chitosan sulfamic acid solution under using 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a crosslinking agent. The structure of treated wool fabrics was investigated by SEM, DSC-TG. Treated wool fibers had a irregular surface appearance, showed the presence of amounts of Nano SiO2 and their aggregates deposited onto surface of wool fibers. The thermal properties were obviously enhanced. Treated wool fabrics is more stable in higher temperature than that of untreatment. Treated wool fabrics were dyed with weak acid red B, and dyeing behaviour were studied by means of by light reflectance measurements. The color strength (K/S value) of treated wool fabrics obviousily increased from 5.33 to 31.68 by comparison with the untreatment. As a result, it can be concluded that the chitosan sulfamic acid solution with GPTMS treatment could improve the weak acid red B low temperature dyeing on wool. Further, low temperature dyeing of wool fabrics with chitosan-sulfamic acid is safe, so the results obtained are quite promising as a basis for possible future industrial application.

Treatment of Wool Fabrics by Argon Atmospheric Pressure Low Temperature Plasma and its Dyeing

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Hua Qing Wang ◽  
Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wool Fabrics ◽  
Wool Fibers

With the increase in the environmental protection consciousness of people, attention has focused on plasma technology because of its efficiency and environmentally friendliness. In order to improve the dyeing behavior of wool fabrics, surface modification of wool fabrics was carried out using an atmospheric pressure (argon) low temperature plasma treatment (LTP). Morphology and chemical composition analyses of the treated wool fiber surface were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect on the surface properties of wool fabrics treated for different times was evaluated. The results showed that the coloration of wool fabric is improved with an argon atmospheric pressure low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment but the fabric has a lower color fastness to washing and rubbing. This results from the formation of sulfonic groups and the increase in nitrogen content attributed to more severe etching and oxidization on the surface of wool fibers.

Union Dyeing of Wool/Silk Blends at Low Temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1382-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Jun Li Chen ◽  
Qiu Bao Zhou ◽  
Jin Huan Zheng ◽  
Wei Guo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Protein Fibers ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Selection Of

Protein fibers are attractive topics in the past decades. Among them, silk and wool fibers are very popular due to their luster, smooth surface and comfort. In order to reach union dyeing of silk/wool blends, chlorination pretreatment or introduction of low-temperature dyeing auxiliary for wool are selected and compared. The results showed that chlorination pretreated wool/silk dyed with weak acid dyes, can reach union dyeing under 80 oC, possibly under 70 oC. On the other hand, introduction of low-temperature dyeing auxiliary can slightly improve the union dyeing at different temperature ranges according to selection of weak acid dyes.

Crystal Structure Controlled Synthesis of Titania Nanocrystals in Liquid Media at Low Temperature

2006 ◽  
Vol 11-12 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Li Jie Shi ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Tian Dou Hu
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Rutile Phase ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Rutile Tio2 ◽  
Coordination Numbers ◽  
Higher Temperature

High concentrated hydrochloric/nitric/sulfuric acid were used to dissolve Ti(OH)4 produced with TiOSO4. It was found that, titania, from pure rutile phase to anatase-rutile mixed phase to pure anatase phase have been synthesized at low temperature in liquid media through controlling the hydrolyzation conditions. The phase composition and the special surface area of nanometer titania powder were characterized by means of XRD and BET. The K-edge fine structure of Ti atom sites of rutile TiO2 was investigated with grazing incidence reflection mode XAFS (EXAFS and XANES) spectroscopy. The well-crystal rutile TiO2 with fine particle size and high specific surface (above200m2/g) was formed at low temperature below 80°C, while the anatase TiO2 was formed at higher temperature in hydrochloric or nitric acid solution. But in sulfuric acid solution the crystal phase was always anatase at any temperatures. The EXAFS and XANES result showed that the order of the lattice, the coordination numbers of the Ti atom for the first shell, the second shell and the third shell as well as the relative intensity of K-preedge three peaks increased with the increase of the rutile TiO2 nanoparticle size.

scholarly journals Preparation of Chitosan Biguanidine Hydrochloride and Application in Antimicrobial Finish of Wool Fabric

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Zhen-Zhen Qiao ◽  
Jin-Xin He
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Wool Fabrics ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

Chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride (CGH) has been synthesized by the guanidinylation reaction of chitosan with dicyandiamide. Its synthetic mechanism was discussed. The structures of CGH were characterized by FT-IR and 13CNMR. In this study, we used citric acid (CA) as a crosslinking agent, mixed with CGH to perform a pad-dry-cure treatment on wool fabric to study its antimicrobial effects with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that there was no obvious sign that CGH adhered to the wool fabric if the wool fabrics were not oxidized by hydrogen peroxide. The surface crosslinks of the oxidized wool fibers were relatively coarse, which beneficial for the antimicrobial and antiseptic effects of the wool fabrics. Key words: chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride; synthesis; wool; antimicrobial

One-bath one-step low-temperature dyeing of polyester/cotton blended fabric with cationic dyes via β-cyclodextrin modification

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1699-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqian Ji ◽  
Chaoxia Wang ◽  
Yunjie Yin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Cationic Dyes ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
One Step ◽  
Grade 3

With the aim of polyester/cotton fabric one-bath one-step dyeing, polyester fabric low-temperature dyeing with cationic dyes was investigated based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) modification. After β-CD/citric acid (CA) modification, the hydrophilicity of the modified polyester fabric was improved obviously, which was demonstrated via moisture regain and contact angle, as well as wicking property. The optimal dyeing temperature and crosslinking agent were selected through comparing the color strength of the dyed polyester fibers. Modified polyester fabric obtained significantly enhanced color strength from 0.12 to 4 with a good leveling property when dyeing at 70℃ using CA as the crosslinking agent. β-CD modified polyester/cotton fabric displayed a K/ S value of 8.61, much higher than the value of 0.71 of the unmodified fabric with cationic dyes, showing a highly improved dyeing ability. The color fastness of β-CD modified polyester/cotton fabrics, including washing fastness, rubbing fastness, perspiration fastness and light fastness, are all over grade 3–4 when the curing temperature of 180℃ is adopted for β-CD modification, demonstrating that polyester/cotton fabric one-bath one-step dyeing can be realized based on β-CD modification.

A technique for uranium and plutonium determination using coulometric potentiostatic facility UPK-19 for analysis of mixed-oxide fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
N. A. Bulayev ◽  
E. V. Chukhlantseva ◽  
O. V. Starovoytova ◽  
A. A. Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Acid Solution ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Background Electrolyte ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Oxidation Current ◽  
Mox Fuel ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Uranium Plutonium

The content of uranium and plutonium is the main characteristic of mixed uranium-plutonium oxide fuel, which is strictly controlled and has a very narrow range of the permissible values. We focused on developing a technique for measuring mass fractions of uranium and plutonium by controlled potential coulometry using a coulometric unit UPK-19 in set with a R-40Kh potentiostat-galvanostat. Under conditions of sealed enclosures, a special design of the support stand which minimized the effect of fluctuations in ambient conditions on the signal stability was developed. Optimal conditions for coulometric determination of plutonium and uranium mass fractions were specified. The sulfuric acid solution with a molar concentration of 0.5 mol/dm3 was used as a medium. Lead ions were introduced into the background electrolyte to decrease the minimum voltage of hydrogen reduction to –190 mV. The addition of aluminum nitride reduced the effect of fluoride ions participating as a catalyst in dissolving MOX fuel samples, and the interfering effect of nitrite ions was eliminated by introducing a sulfamic acid solution into the cell. The total content of uranium and plutonium was determined by evaluation of the amount of electricity consumed at the stage of uranium and plutonium co-oxidation. Plutonium content was measured at the potentials, at which uranium remains in the stable state, which makes it possible to subtract the contribution of plutonium oxidation current from the total oxidation current. The error characteristics of the developed measurement technique were evaluated using the standard sample method and the real MOX fuel pellets. The error limits match the requirements set out in the specifications for MOX fuel. The technique for measuring mass fractions of uranium and plutonium in uranium-plutonium oxide nuclear fuel was certified. The relative measurement error of the mass fraction of plutonium and uranium was ±0.0070 and ±0.0095, respectively. The relative error of the ratio of the plutonium mass fraction to the sum of mass fractions of uranium and plutonium was ±0.0085.

Thermal Oxidation Behavior of TiAlCrSiN and AlCrTiN Films on HastelloyX

2012 ◽  
Vol 486 ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tuchida ◽  
Kessaraporn Wathanyu ◽  
S. Surinphong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Oxide Scales ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Scratch Tests

In this paper, the thermal oxidation behavior of TiAlCrSiN and AlCrTiN films coated on hastelloyX substrate, typically used for fuel nozzle in gas turbine engine application, have been studied. The thermal oxidation behavior at 950, 1050 and 1150 °C in controlled atmosphere were investigated. The surface appearance, microstructure, chemical composition and adhesion of films were investigated. The thermal oxidations were observed in all testing conditions showing oxide films at the surface with thicker oxide film at higher temperature. However, spalling of oxide scales was found in both coated and uncoated specimens at 1150°C suggesting the maximum working temperature of < 1150 °C for turbine engine applications. The critical loads corresponding to the full delamination of the thermal oxidation coated specimens were found to be higher than the non-thermal oxidation specimens. The effect of thermal oxidation on damage patterns during scratch tests, i.e. less chipping and cracking for thermal oxidation specimen, were also observed.

Multipod ZnO Nanoforms: Low Temperature Synthesis and Characterization

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tandra Ghoshal ◽  
Soumitra Kar ◽  
Subhajit Biswas ◽  
Gautam Majumdar ◽  
Subhadra Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Low Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Optical Absorbance ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Emission Studies

ZnO nanotetrapods were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation of Zn powder at a relatively low temperature ∼600 °C. The tetrapods have four legs with hexagonal cross-section. Interpenetrating growth was observed in some of these nanotetrapods. Multipod ZnO nanoforms were produced at higher temperature. The optical characterizations such as optical absorbance, photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy reveal excellent crystal qualities of these nanoforms. The field emission studies indicated that these nanoforms could be utilized in field emission based devices.

Investigation of the properties of knitted woolen fabrics treated with oxygen low-temperature plasma for sportswear applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110306
Author(s):  
Honglian Cong ◽  
Boyu Zhao ◽  
Hao Han ◽  
Xuliang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Concentration Mapping

Nine groups of knitted woolen fabrics for sportswear with different technical characteristics were treated with oxygen low-temperature plasma, and the changes in the surface morphology and chemical composition of wool fibers before and after plasma treatment, as well as the changes in the applicability indexes of knitted woolen fabrics, were studied. Finally, the comfort performance of the fabrics was evaluated by combining the concentration mapping method and the function evaluation value method. The analysis found that the surface scales of wool fibers were seriously etched after oxygen low-temperature plasma treatment, and the anti-felting, bursting strength and moisture absorption of the knitted woolen fabrics were improved. At the same time, the quick-drying index of the fabric has also been improved to a certain extent. This research provides a basis for the development of knitted woolen fabric for sportswear with excellent performance.

Applications of ESR to Carbonaceous Materials

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Singer ◽  
I. C. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Electron Spin Resonance ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electron Spin ◽  
Paramagnetic Species ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
Conduction Electrons ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis

The applications of electron spin resonance (ESR) to carbonaceous materials are reviewed. The stable paramagnetic species observed in the products of low-temperature pyrolysis are odd-alternate neutral free radicals, whereas the unpaired spins of higher temperature carbons and graphites are primarily conduction electrons. The variety of ESR properties and phenomena requires special attention to techniques of measurement and interpretations of results. The relevance to the carbonization process of the free radicals observed by ESR is also discussed.

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