The Effects of Compression Pressure Applied on the Manufacture of Carbon Composite Bipolar Plate for PEMFC by Utilizing Graphite Waste Products

2011 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunita Sadeli ◽  
Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono ◽  
Bambang Prihandoko ◽  
Sri Harjanto
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Waste Products

Proton electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have near zero carbon dioxide and hazardous pollutant emission. Thus, it is considered as one of energy sources for transportation and other application which can improve environmental performance by decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases and other air pollutant. In accordance with its environmental preservation values, graphite waste product from electric arc furnace (graphite EAF) was chosen as a potential candidate material for bipolar plate for PEMFC. The utilization of graphite waste product is expected to result in light-weight and cost-effective bipolar plates. In this paper, we used graphite EAF as a filler together with carbon black and epoxy resin as a binder. We examined the effects of differential pressure applied on compression molding process on density, porosity, flexural strength and electrical conductivity of the resulting carbon polymer composite bipolar plate. Pressure was applied from 30 MPa - 60 MPa in increments of 5 MPa while maintaining constant temperature operation at 700C for 4 hours. Maximum value of bipolar plate density was achieved at application 55 MPa, of 1.69 g/cm3. At this condition, the flexural strength was measured to be 48 MPa with the porosity of 0.7%, and electrical conductivity of 1.03 S/cm. Taken together, we demonstrated that graphite EAF is a good candidate for the manufacturing of polymer composite bipolar plates.

The Effects of Carbon Black Loading on the Characteristics of Carbon Composite Bipolar Plate by Utilizing Graphite Waste Products

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Yunita Sadeli ◽  
Johny W. Soedarsono ◽  
Bambang Prihandoko ◽  
Sri Harjanto
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Waste Products

Current energy resources derived from fossil fuels thinning, and the issue global warning make the relevant parties that concern about the environment has been trying to find alternative renewable energy. Among the renewable energy options, the fuel cell is one of the many alternatives studied by the researchers in the world. One type of fuel cell that is currently being investigated is the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cel. The utilization of graphite and carbon black waste product is expected to result in light-weight and cost-effective bipolar plates.by using recycle materials. In this paper, we used graphite EAF as reinforcement together with carbon black that comes from the coconut husk pyrolysis process and epoxy resin as a binder. We examined the effects of carbon black loading at 5 %wt and 10 %wt, which influenced by differential pressure applied on compression molding process on density, porosity, flexural strength and electrical conductivity of the resulting polymer carbon composite bipolar plate. Pressure was applied from 30 MPa - 60 MPa in increments of 5 MPa while maintaining constant temperature operation at 70oC for 4 hours. Maximum value of bipolar plate was achieved by 5 %wt CB at application 55 MPa, density of 1.69 g/cm3, the flexural strength was measured to be 48 MPa with the porosity of 0.7%, and electrical conductivity of 1.03 S/cm.We demonstrated that waste product such as graphite EAF and carbon black are a good candidate for manufacturing of polymer carbon composite bipolar plates.

The Effect of Addition of Multi Wall Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNT) Reinforcement to the Characteristics of Carbon Composite Bipolar Plate

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2060-2064
Author(s):  
Yunita Sadeli ◽  
Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono ◽  
Bambang Prihandoko ◽  
Sri Harjanto
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Compression Moulding

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEFMC) or also known as proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a chemical conversion device that converts hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy, heat, and water. One of the most important components of PEMFC is bipolar plate, in which it allows for electrons to flow from the anode to the cathode. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the addition of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to increase the mechanical and electrical properties of bipolar plate carbon polymer composite. We utilized graphite waste product from electric arc smelting as reinforcementand carbon black made from coconut husk by pyrolysis process as a filler. Bipolar plates were made by compression moulding method at a pressure of 55 MPa and a temperature of 100 o C for 4 hours. Characterization in this study includes density testing, porosity testing, flexural testing, electrical conductivity testing, and observation of the flexural fracture morphology using FESEM. Based on this study, it showed that the addition of 5 %wt MWCNT yielded optimal properties of the bipolar plate (the density was 1.51 g/cm3, the value of porosity was 1.94 %, the flexural strength was 63.31 MPa, and the electrical conductivity was 2.30 S/cm). In conclusion, adding MWCNT as reinforcement in PEMC bipolar plates could reduce the density and the porosity. Thus, it could improve the electrical conductivity and flexural strength of the bipolar plate carbon polymer composites.

Graphene Reinforced Composite Bipolar Plate for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biraj Kumar Kakati ◽  
Avijit Ghosh ◽  
Anil Verma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Permeability ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Electrical Conductivities

Composite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) were developed by compression molding technique using vinyl ester resin as a binder and natural graphite, carbon black, and carbon fiber as conductive reinforcements. The developed bipolar plates were characterized for electrical conductivity, flexural strength, deflection at mid-span, hydrogen permeability, and morphology. The in-plane and through-plane electrical conductivities of the composite bipolar plate (VER:25%;CB:5%;CF:5%;NG:65%) were 355.05 and 95.96 S·cm−1, respectively. The flexural strength of the same bipolar plate was 53.50 MPa with a deflection of 5.37%. The hydrogen permeability of the bipolar plate was in the order of 10−9 cm3·cm−1·s−1 at 50°C. The overall properties of the composite bipolar plate were found to achieve the benchmark set by USA-Department of Energy. However, the through-plane electrical conductivity of the above composite was edge below the target value. Therefore, graphene, being one of the most electrical conductive materials, has been reinforced into the composite bipolar plate. The results were very encouraging as 1% graphene reinforcement increased the in-plane and through-plane electrical conductivities of the bipolar plate by around 6 and 35%, respectively. The performance of a PEMFC was evaluated using the developed bipolar plate in in-situ condition.

Study on the Composites of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin/Graphite Reinforced by Milled Carbon Fibers for Bipolar Plates

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 1090-1096
Author(s):  
Wei Qiang Wang ◽  
Ai Ju Li ◽  
Ming Ming You ◽  
Bin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Liquid Phase Oxidation ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Phase Oxidation

Composites of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin/graphite reinforced by milled carbon fibers (MCFs) for bipolar plates are obtained by hot compression molding. The raw materials of the MCF particles, PF resin powder and graphite powder are simply dry powder ball milled and mixed. The effects of PF resin content and the content, granularity and surface treatment methods, such as air oxidation and Fenton/ultraviolet (UV) liquid-phase oxidation of MCFs on the electrical conductivity and flexural strength of the composites are measured by methods of four-point probe technique and three point flexural test, and the fracture patterns of the composites are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that the electrical conductivity decreases and flexural strength increases with the increase of PF resin content. Especially, the values of electrical conductivity and flexural strength can reach 165.28 S.cm-1 and 55.11MPa respectively when the PF resin content was 17% in weight. The properties of composites reinforced by air oxidation treated MCFs are better than those by liquid-phase oxidation treated one. The electrical conductivity and flexural strength of the composites are 208.12S.cm-1 and 57.44 MPa when they reinforced by 5% MCFs which treated by air oxidation at 450 . Compared with the nonreinfoced composites, the properties of reinforced composites increase 25.92% in electrical conductivity and 4.23% in flexural strength.

scholarly journals Electrical Conductivity Performance of Predicted Modified Fibre Contact Model for Multi-Filler Polymer Composite

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
David Hui ◽  
Anil Verma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Contact Model ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Predicted Model

Polymer composites have been extensively fabricated given that they are well-fitted for a variety of applications, especially concerning their mechanical properties. However, inadequate outcomes, mainly regarding their electrical performance, have limited their significant potential. Hence, this study proposed the use of multiple fillers, with different geometries, in order to improve the electrical conductivity of a polymer composite. The fabricated composite was mixed, using the ball milling method, before being compressed by a hot press machine at 3 MPa for 10 min. The composite plate was then measured for both its in-plane and through-plane conductivities, which were 3.3 S/cm, and 0.79 S/cm, respectively. Furthermore, the experimental data were then verified using a predicted electrical conductivity model, known as a modified fibre contact model, which considered the manufacturing process, including the shear rate and flow rate. The study indicated that the predicted model had a significant trend and value, compared to the experimental model (0.65 S/cm for sample S1). The resultant fabricated composite materials were found to possess an excellent network formation, and good electrical conductivity for bipolar plate application, when applying compression pressure of 3 MPa for 10 min.

Potential of Cr2AlC Ternary Carbide as Material for Bipolar Plate in PEMFC

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 927-930
Author(s):  
Jayamani Jayaraj ◽  
Jae Ho Han ◽  
Sang Whan Park ◽  
Ki Bae Kim ◽  
Eric Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Carbide Alloy ◽  
Ternary Carbide ◽  
Processing Ability

In this paper, we present results of an investigation on the physical, mechanical, chemical properties and processing ability of the Cr2AlC ternary carbide bulk material synthesized by hot pressing technique. The combination of excellent properties indicated that Cr2AlC ternary carbide alloy could be potential candidate materials as bipolar plates in polymer membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CNTS ON THE ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITE AS PEM FUEL CELL BIPOLAR PLATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bairan ◽  
M. Z. Selamat ◽  
S. N. Sahadan ◽  
S. A/L Malingam ◽  
N. Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Dry Mixing ◽  
Mixing Method

The use of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) as a reinforcement in conductive polymer composite (CPCs) of bipolar plates nowadays attracts a great deal of attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the most effective and suitable ratio of CNTs loading in multi filler Graphite (G), Carbon Black (CB) composite using a medium crystallinity and low crystallinity Polypropylene (PP) denoted as MC-PP and LC-PP respectively. The composite were developed through compression molding technique with dry mixing method by using a ball mill to investigate the influence of crystallinity on the dispersion of CNTs in PP matrix. Incorporating CNTs as a third filler in G/CB/CNTs/PP nanocomposites produces a synergistic effect that enhances the electrical conductivity, flexural strength, bulk density and hardness of the nanocomposite which exceeded U.S. DOE requirement. The results indicated that CNTs was given more affect in MC-PP than LC-PP due to better electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of G/CB/CNTs/PP composite as bipolar plate.

scholarly journals Toner Waste Powder (TWP) as a Filler for Polymer Blends (LDPE/HIPS) for Enhanced Electrical Conductivity

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim Hammani ◽  
Ahmed Barhoum ◽  
Sakthivel Nagarajan ◽  
Mikhael Bechelany
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Rapid urbanization proportionally increases the waste products which force humankind to find a suitable waste management system. This study aims at identifying the possibility of using toner waste powder (TWP) as a filler for fabricating polymer composites for enhanced electrical conductivity of polymer blends. TWP was successfully incorporated into a polymer blend of low-density polyethylene/high impact polystyrene (LDPE/HIPS) at a high loading percentage of up to 20 wt %. Elemental analysis (SEM-EDS and XRF) showed that the main constituents of TWP are carbon and iron with traces of other metals such as Ca, Cs, Ti, Mn, Si. The electrical conductivity of LDPE/HIPS is significantly enhanced by loading the TWP into the polymer blend. The addition of TWP to LDPE/HIPS blend decreases the electrical resistivity of the LDPE/HIPS/TWP composite to ~2.9 × 107 Ohm.cm at 10 wt % of TWP, which is several orders of magnitude lower than that of the neat blend with maintaining the thermal stability of the polymer composite. The prepared polymer composite is lightweight and shows electrical conductivity, thus it can have potential applications in electronic materials and automotive industries.

Effect of Carbon Fillers on the Performance of a Composite Bipolar Plate for Fuel Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1079-1082
Author(s):  
Jin Sun Lee ◽  
Gye Hyoung Yoo ◽  
Nam Hoon Kim ◽  
Joong Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Cell Test ◽  
Powder Type ◽  
Carbon Fillers

The bipolar plates were fabricated using compression molding of graphite (GR), carbon black (CB), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), carbon fibers (CF) and powder type epoxy resin. The electrical conductivity and flexural properties of the composites was increased with increasing the content of fibrous conducting fillers e.g., MWNTs and CF. However, when particulate fillers such as CB and GR were used, the electrical conductivity was increased, but the flexural properties deteriorated with increasing filler content up to certain content. A comparison was also made between the current-voltage (I-V) performances of fabricated composite bipolar plates and commercial graphite bipolar plate. The I-V characteristic in single cell test exhibited more uniform power density at both higher and lower current density and single cell performance increased with increasing the electrical conductivity.

Material selection and optimization for highly stable composite bipolar plates in vanadium redox flow batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (38) ◽  
pp. 15808-15815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjoon Park ◽  
Yang-Jae Jung ◽  
Jaechan Ryu ◽  
Jaephil Cho
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Battery System ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Vanadium Redox

The design of a graphite-based polymer composite bipolar plate is systematically studied for the vanadium redox flow battery system by the compression molding method with different major and minor filler contents.

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