Construction and Application of 3D and 2D Type Maps for Linkages

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 2377-2386
Author(s):  
Wen Yeuan Chung
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solid Modeling ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Output Link ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Drag Link

The 3D and 2D type maps for planar four-bar and simply RSSR linkages are constructed with illustration of their application. The criteria determining the rotatability of input or output link are developed or reviewed for both linkages. Three-dimensional type maps are then constructed by integrating the tool for numerical analysis and solid modeling software, e.g. MATLAB and PRO/E. The coordinate axes are mainly three ratios of link lengths. The types are classified based on whether the input or output link can make fully rotation. Each type map is composed of five regions representing different types. They are drag link, crank-rocker, rocker-crank, double-rocker, and unassembled. Any cross sections can be taken readily and arbitrarily from the 3D models along any plane or surfaces to get 2D type maps. The constructed type maps are also combined with curves or surfaces representing performances of transmission ratio. With type maps and related surfaces, the design process can be simplified and expedited substantially.

Geological Field Sketches and Illustrations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Genge
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject

Drawings, illustrations, and field sketches play an important role in Earth Science since they are used to record field observations, develop interpretations, and communicate results in reports and scientific publications. Drawing geology in the field furthermore facilitates observation and maximizes the value of fieldwork. Every geologist, whether a student, academic, professional, or amateur enthusiast, will benefit from the ability to draw geological features accurately. This book describes how and what to draw in geology. Essential drawing techniques, together with practical advice in creating high quality diagrams, are described the opening chapters. How to draw different types of geology, including faults, folds, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, and fossils, are the subjects of separate chapters, and include descriptions of what are the important features to draw and describe. Different types of sketch, such as drawings of three-dimensional outcrops, landscapes, thin-sections, and hand-specimens of rocks, crystals, and minerals, are discussed. The methods used to create technical diagrams such as geological maps and cross-sections are also covered. Finally, modern techniques in the acquisition and recording of field data, including photogrammetry and aerial surveys, and digital methods of illustration, are the subject of the final chapter of the book. Throughout, worked examples of field sketches and illustrations are provided as well as descriptions of the common mistakes to be avoided.

scholarly journals Accuracy of 2D modeling approach for performance simulation of noncircular single- and dual-layer monolithic catalysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Mozaffari
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
2D Modeling ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Monolithic Catalysts

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of widely applied approach of modeling noncircular channels and washcoats of monolithic catalysts with equivalent circular geometrical shapes. For this purpose, catalytic performance of equivalent circular and square channel cross-sectional shapes with single-layer Pt/Al2O3 and dual-layer Fe-ZSM-5+Pt/Al2O3 washcoats are investigated. For the noncircular cross-sections, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics models that consider species gases convection inside the channel bulk flow region, and reaction and diffusion of species inside the washcoat layer(s) are utilized to simulate the performance of one channel of the monolithic catalytic converters. In addition, in order to investigate the amount of inaccuracy of 2D modeling approach for noncircular channels, 2D models are applied to simulate the equivalent monolithic catalysts with circular cross-sections, and the results of the 2D and 3D models are compared together, and also, with the experimental and 1D+1D modeling technique results available in the literature.

scholarly journals Geometric modeling and development of custom libraries in the design of engineering facilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Elena Sergeevna Reshetnikova ◽  
Irina Aleksandrovna Savelyeva ◽  
Ekaterina Anatolyevna Svistunova
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Geometric Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Documentation

The subject of research is the process of designing a conveyor belt. The authors consider parameterization in geometric modeling of parts and components of equipment and the creation of custom libraries in Compass 3D as a means of reducing the complexity and improving the quality of the design process. The preliminary design is the design stage of the development of design documentation and aims to determine the fundamental design solutions for a general idea of the device, operating principles and dimensions of the product. It is advisable to develop a preliminary design before the stage of developing a technical project and creating design documentation. Today, at all stages of work on the project, modern computer-aided design (CAD) systems are used, which not only accelerate the design process, but also make it possible to demonstrate to the customer the finished project at the stage of making technical decisions. This allows making timely changes in accordance with the requirements of the customer and to carry out high-quality preparation of the project for its implementation. The volume and time for further stages of work depend on the timing of the presentation of the preliminary design, therefore, the use of three-dimensional modeling parametrization in CAD is an effective way for designing engineering objects. Parameterization when working with 3D models allows you to get a set of typical product designs based on a once-created model by changing the set values of the variables, which significantly reduces the time spent on the project.

Collaborative Visualization of 3D Geological Models in Augmented Reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Wieczoreck
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Geological Models ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Guided Tour

<p><span>Fully understanding a complex 3D geological model (such as triangulated irregular networks or boundary representations) requires a largely hands-on approach.</span> The user needs direct access to the model and a way to manipulate it in 3D space, e.g. through rotation, to find the appropriate and most useful perspectives. Indirect means of presentation, e.g. via animation, can only give the user a vague idea of the model and all its details, especially with the growing amount of data incorporated. Additionally, discussing such a model with colleagues is often restricted by the space in front of the monitor of the system running the modeling software. And while the accessibility of such models has been improved, e.g. through access via ordinary web browsers, new technologies such as VR and AR could open up novel and <span>improved</span> ways for users to experience and share them.</p><p>Although VR has found its way into the mainstream, especially for entertainment, it continues to be a relatively inaccessible technology. The high upfront cost, the need to isolate oneself from the surrounding environment, and involved technical requirements detract from the end goal of improving<span> the accessibility of 3D geological models.</span> On the other hand, more and more common handheld devices such as smartphones and tablets support AR and thus lower the barrier of entry for a large number of people. To analyze the potential of AR for the presentation and discussion of 3D geological models, a mobile app has been developed.</p><p><span>Started as a prototype</span> during a geoscience hackathon, the app has now been rewritten from scratch and was uploaded to the iOS App Store. During the conceptualization phase of the features, the immense potential already became apparent. The app itself allows users to download a number of 3D geological models to their device and explore them in AR. They then have the possibility to share this model with up to seven other peers in the same room. This means that every user will see the model in the same space and in the same state. As soon as one user changes e.g. the size or rotation of the model, the new state will be synchronized with every connected peer. Discussion is <span>aided by</span> a "pointing" and "highlighting" feature to assure that everyone is talking about the same model part. The models are either stored on the device or can be downloaded via internet.<span> For now, the models are supplied by GiGa infosystem's GST Web, but additional sources are being explored.</span></p><p><span>The delivery of the app with this basic featureset invites first user feedback and allows for a better exploration of possible applications.</span><span> </span><span>For example, viable use cases of this app can be found in academia as an easier way to communicate 3D models to students, during conferences as a presentation platform to give peers a guided tour of a model, or in modeling where advanced features such as digital boreholes or cross-sections can help verify intermediate results</span>.</p>

Achieve of Torpedo Shell Parameter Model Based on Secondary Development of UG

2012 ◽  
Vol 542-543 ◽  
pp. 532-536
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Yun Peng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Secondary Development ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Shell Parameter ◽  
Set Up

Torpedo shell Modeling is a very important part in the design process. However, the traditional method of torpedo shell modeling is only the GUI of CAD drawing software. If there is change in individual parameters, designers have to start again from scratch. Such method will waste of resources. This paper set up the torpedo shell parametric design process with secondary development language UG / Open API, and user-oriented menu creation tool UG / Open UIStyler of UG,which is a three-dimensional modeling software, So that designers can be directly obtained three-dimensional model of the torpedo shell needing to enter the necessary design parameters. Meanwhile the designers can save design resources, and it helps optimize the latter part of the torpedo shell design.

Numerical Analysis of a Rigid Node of a Spatial Timber Frame Made of Structural Elements with Built-up Cross-Sections

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina E. Lanivschi ◽  
Alexandru Secu ◽  
Gabriela M. Atanasiu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Finite Elements ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Timber Frame ◽  
One Step ◽  
Internal Forces

Considering wood currently used in construction domain, it may be observed that it possesses good strengths, but reduced modules of elasticity. This drawback may be prevented by creating structures with rigid nodes or by using hybrid or composed cross-sections for the structural elements.The paper consists of numerical analysis of a timber frame with rigid nodes, assuming composed cross-sections for the structural elements, made of four props with cross-sectional dimensions of 0.1x0.1 m each - for columns and two chords of 0.1x0.1 m each - for beams.Analyzing this type of structures by considering equivalent cross sections` properties of the structural elements, the real phenomena may not be covered, since it doesn`t consider all elastic characteristics of wood, resulting in different stress` distribution in the structural elements.The analyze of this structure considering both real solid cross-sections and all elastic properties of wood by using specialized software, leads to a laborious work because of the high number of finite elements. Thereby, a two-step analysis is proposed: the first one consists in solving the spatial timber frame with bar type finite elements and the elastic properties parallel to the grain, as provided by design codes. In the second step, an intermediary node is detached and loaded with the internal forces obtained from the first step, considering all elastic parameters of wood and using solid type finite elements.Currently, in the design process, only the first step in performed. The two-step analysis aims to compare the results with those obtained using the strength of materials methods, relieving the necessary corrections in the case of one-step design process.

scholarly journals UAV-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE SITE SURVEY AND 3D MODELING OF THE SARDUS PATER TEMPLE (ITALY)

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
V. Bagnolo ◽  
N. Paba
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Standard ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Effective Visualization

Abstract. Despite the high standard guaranteed by 3D scanning technology, image based modeling establishes the most widely used technique for surface reconstruction, being a cheaper and more portable approach. The strong increase in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), is increasingly affirming and consolidating over the years. Being more cheap and portable than the active sensors approach, the combination of photogrammetry and drones is widely used for different applications both for large scale mapping and for documentation of architecture and archaeological heritage. UAV based photogrammetry allows for rapid accurate mapping and three-dimensional modelling. Over the last two decades, the study of archaeological sites have benefited from the constant evolution of sensor-based surveying techniques, finding effective application for purely visualization purposes or for the extraction of metric data. The Punic-Roman temple "Sardus Pater Babai" in southern Sardinia (Italy), has been the subject of a massive anastylosis. The close-range photogrammetry technique, exploiting the images produced by a UAV consumer and the GNSS system data, has allowed the creation of metrically correct 2D and 3D models useful also for an effective visualization of the information. A series of ortho-images has been extracted in order to represent plan, elevations and cross-sections of the monument.

scholarly journals Sketch-Based Interface and Modelling of Stratigraphy and Structure in 3D

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2020-187
Author(s):  
Carl Jacquemyn ◽  
Margaret E. H. Pataki ◽  
Gary J. Hampson ◽  
Matthew D. Jackson ◽  
Dmytro Petrovskyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
3D Surfaces

Geological modelling is widely used to predict resource potential in subsurface reservoirs. However, modelling is often slow, requires use of mathematical methods that are unfamiliar to many geoscientists and is implemented in expert software. We demonstrate here an alternative approach using Sketch-Based Interface and Modelling (SBIM) that allows rapid creation of complex three-dimensional (3D) models from 2D sketches. Sketches, either on vertical cross-sections or in map-view, are converted to 3D surfaces that outline geological interpretations. A suite of geological operators is proposed that handle interactions between the surfaces to form a geologically realistic 3D model. These operators deliver the flexibility to sketch a geological model in any order and provide an intuitive framework for geoscientists to rapidly create 3D models. Two case studies are presented, demonstrating scenarios in which different approaches to model sketching are used depending on the geological setting and available data. These case studies show the strengths of sketching with geological operators. Sketched 3D models can be queried visually or quantitatively to provide insights into heterogeneity distribution, facies connectivity or dynamic model behaviour; this information cannot be obtained by sketching in 2D or on paper.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5303043

scholarly journals Design and Development of a 3D Digital Cadastre Visualization Prototype

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Shojaei ◽  
Hamed Olfat ◽  
Abbas Rajabifard ◽  
Mark Briffa
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Complex Spaces ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
Story Building

The massive property development of high-rises and complex structures above and below the ground surface in cities indicates the lack of land and high demand to use spaces. However, the existing land and property administration systems are mainly two dimensional and not capable of efficiently managing these complex spaces. As ownership rights on plans are recorded in paper or PDF, understanding these rights and making effective decisions and analyses can be difficult without having experience in the art of reading and interpreting plan information. This paper attempts to address these issues by presenting a prototype for visualizing three-dimensional land and property information. The aim of this prototype is to illustrate and communicate the requirements and benefits of a 3D digital cadastre platform. The prototype is a web-based application and includes functionality to display both legal and physical data, interact with 3D models, display administrative data, identify objects and search objects, visualize cross-sections, and undertake measurements in 3D. For this prototype, a multi-story building was selected as a case study and its 3D model was imported into the prototype to display ownership rights. The prototype was then evaluated by various stakeholders and their feedback was considered for future enhancement.

scholarly journals GEOMATIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION AND A HYBRID VIEWER FOR THE ARCHAELOGICAL SITE OF CÁPARRA (SPAIN)

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-2 ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tejeda-Sánchez ◽  
A. Muñoz-Nieto ◽  
P. Rodríguez-Gonzálvez
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Topographic Survey ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Archaeological Reconstruction ◽  
Set Up

Visualization and analysis use to be the final steps in Geomatics. This paper shows the workflow followed to set up a hybrid 3D archaeological viewer. Data acquisition of the site survey was done by means of low-cost close-range photogrammetric methods. With the aim not only to satisfy the general public but also the technicians, a large group of Geomatic products has been obtained (2d plans, 3d models, orthophotos, CAD models coming from vectorization, virtual anastylosis, and cross sections). Finally, all these products have been integrated into a three-dimensional archaeological information system. The hybrid archaeological viewer designed allows a metric and quality approach to the scientific analysis of the ruins, improving, thanks to the implementation of a database, and its potential for queries, the benefits of an ordinary topographic survey.

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