Research on Characteristic of Body Composition Changing in Academic Workers

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 2414-2417
Author(s):  
Hui Ya Gu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Male Teachers ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Left Handed

Based on part of university staff in Zhejiang province, assayed and studied by INBODY 3.0 body composition analytical instrument, the study finds out that teachers’ overweight rate and obesity rate increase gradually with aging increasing, as well as exist gender differences. In general, female teachers’ incidence is higher than male teachers’ on central obesity and excessiveness obesity. The rate of intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid of teachers belong to different age phase corresponds with human basic requirement, and they have quite differences in intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid, protein, mineral salt and body fat (P<0.01), and there are insignificant differences (P<0.01) among the teachers who have higher moisture content in right-handed upper limb than left-handed, male teachers’ moisture distribute balanced in right-handed and left-handed lower limb, which is quite different from this value in female group.

scholarly journals Combined Predictive Value of Extracellular Fluid/Intracellular Fluid Ratio and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index for Mortality in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Yajima ◽  
Kumiko Yajima ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Keigo Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Model ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index ◽  
Protein Energy Wasting ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Net Reclassification Improvement ◽  
Nutritional Risk Index

The ratio of extracellular fluid (ECF) to intracellular fluid (ICF) may be associated with mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis, possibly associated with protein-energy wasting. We therefore investigated the relationship of the ECF/ICF ratio and the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) with the all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality in 234 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Bioimpedance analysis of the ECF and ICF was performed and the ECF/ICF ratio was independently associated with GNRI (β = −0.247, p < 0.0001). During a median follow-up of 2.8 years, 72 patients died, of which 29 were cardiovascular. All-cause mortality was independently associated with a lower GNRI (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.01–6.25) and a higher ECF/ICF ratio (aHR 11.38, 95%CI 5.29–27.89). Next, we divided patients into four groups: group 1 (G1), higher GNRI and lower ECF/ICF ratio; G2, lower GNRI and lower ECF/ICF ratio; G3, higher GNRI and higher ECF/ICF ratio; and G4, lower GNRI and higher ECF/ICF ratio. Analysis of these groups revealed 10-year survival rates of 91.2%, 67.2%, 0%, and 0% in G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. The aHR for G4 versus G1 was 43.4 (95%CI 12.2–279.8). Adding the GNRI alone, the ECF/ICF ratio alone, or both to the established risk model improved the net reclassification improvement by 0.444, 0.793 and 0.920, respectively. Similar results were obtained for cardiovascular mortality. In conclusion, the ECF/ICF ratio was independently associated with GNRI and could predict mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Combining the GNRI and ECF/ICF ratio could improve mortality predictions.

scholarly journals The Degree of Effectiveness of The New Teachers Program in Applying Modern Teaching Strategies for Teachers in The First Three Grades: درجة فاعلية برنامج المعلمين الجدد في تطبيق الاستراتيجيات التدريسية الحديثة لدى معلمي الصفوف الثلاثة الأولى في مديرية تربية عمان الثانية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mays Khaled Al- Kasasbeh, Alaa Fareed Ibdah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
New Teachers ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Male Teachers ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Female Teachers

This study aimed to identify the degree of effectiveness of the new teachers' program in applying modern teaching strategies for teachers in the first three Grades In Government Schools of the second Amman Directorate. the study sample consists of (15) male teachers and (171) female teachers. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection; it consisted of (21) paragraphs. The result showed that the degree of effectiveness of the new teachers' program in applying modern teaching strategies for teachers in the first three Grades was moderate with (3.65) score. The finding also showed there were statistically significant differences between the level of applying modern teaching strategies refers to their teaching experience in favor of (6 years and more) besides there wasn’t statistically significant differences between the level of applying modern teaching strategies refers to their qualifications. In light of these result, the researcher recommended a set of recommendation the most of these was the need to pat attention to the professional preparation of the first three classroom teachers and to provide appropriate educational means for using modern teaching strategies.

scholarly journals Gender representation and language politeness in speech acts: A pragmatic study

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman ◽  
Yusak Hudiyono ◽  
Andri Andri ◽  
Hanik Wahyu Ningsi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Male Teachers ◽  
School Students ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Female Teachers

Language affects society because linguistic forms treat men and women discriminatively as a reflection of the strong influence of language on the culture or habits of the speaking community. This study aimed to describe the representation of gender in speech and language politeness of senior high school and vocational school students in Samarinda City and Kutai Kertanegara Regency. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The results of this study showed first, for the speech form by female students towards female teachers, they dominantly used the following forms: positive speech, expressive speech, and assertive speech. Second, for the speech form of female students towards male teachers, they preferred the form: expressive speech and assertive speech. Third, for the speech form of male students towards female teachers, they used the following forms: positive speech, commissive speech, and assertive speech. Fourth, the speech form of male students towards male teachers was expressive. Fifth, gender representation in student’s language politeness showed that female students were more likely to comply and male students were more likely to deviate from the principles of linguistic politeness. This study concludes female students followed the principle of language politeness towards female teachers. Male students expressed more deviations towards male teachers.

scholarly journals KONSTRUKSI BAHASA GURU PEREMPUAN DAN LAKI-LAKI PADA KEGIATAN AWAL PEMBELAJARAN [Language Construction of Female and Male Teachers in the Beginning of Learning Activities]

TOTOBUANG ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Pipiet Palestin Amurwani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Male Teachers ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
In The Beginning

Women and men have their own unique language. This study aims to describe the language used by female and male teachers in the beginning of learning activities especially in checking students’ attendance and reviewing previous lesson. This research is a qualitative research using the observation method. The data collected was in the form of utterances from 10 female teachers and 10 male teachers when they carried out the beginning of learning activities. The data is then analyzed using Lakoff's theory of the existence of women's language and supported by other relevant theories. Lakoff believes that syntactic constructs that are more freely used by women are the use of the question label form. The results showed that female teachers express their intentions indirectly by using question sentences, using standard language and showing friendly attitude by smiling when they talk while male teachers express their goals directly using statement sentences or affirmative sentences,  unstandard words, and with flat attitude showing their wisdom Perempuan dan laki-laki memiliki keunikan masing-masing dalam berbahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bahasa yang digunakan oleh guru perempuan dan laki-laki pada kegiatan awal pembelajaran khususnya dalam mengecek kehadiran peserta didik dan mengulas kembali materi pelajaran sebelumnya. Data yang berhasil dikumpulkan berupa ujaran-ujaran dari 10 guru perempuan dan 10 guru laki-laki pada saat mereka melaksanakan kegiatan awal pembelajaran. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori Lakoff tentang keberadaan bahasa perempuan dan didukung teori-teori lain yang relevan. Lakoff percaya konstruksi sintaksis yang lebih bebas digunakan perempuan adalah penggunaan bentuk label pertanyaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru perempuan mengungkapkan maksudnya secara tidak langsung yaitu dengan menggunakan kalimat tanya, cenderung menggunakan bahasa baku dan dengan menunjukkan sikap ramah yang ditandai dengan tersenyum ketika berujar sedangkan guru laki-laki mengungkapkan tujuannya secara langsung dengan menggunakan kalimat pernyataan atau kalimat berita, cenderung menggunakan kata tidak baku yang menunjukkan apa adanya dirinya, serta dengan sikap datar yang menunjukkan kewibawaan .

METABOLIC REFERENCE STANDARDS FOR THE NEONATE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-732
Author(s):  
John C. Sinclair ◽  
Jon W. Scopes ◽  
William A. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Oxygen consumption of 92 normally grown newborn babies of birth weight 750 to 3,940 gm has been expressed in terms of various metabolic reference standards in order to identify any systematic variation in expression of metabolic rate that is introduced by these bases of reference in the newborn population. It is postulated that differences in body composition comprise a contributory factor to the variation among newborn babies in rate of oxygen consumption per kilogram body weight. The predictive error from a mean value is increased if surface area, body weight, or fat-free body weight is substituted for body weight as a metabolic reference standard. By taking into account known changes in body composition of the fetus with increasing maturity, a compartment representing the active tissue mass is calculated. This corresponds closely to body weight minus extracellular fluid and includes fat. Rate of oxygen consumption is proportional to the size of this compartment over the range of body weights studied. Implications are discussed as to the metabolic rate of adipose tissue in the newborn and body composition among undergrown babies.

Electrolytes and Fluid balance

2011 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Total Body

Electrolytes: introduction 154 Sodium 154 Potassium 158 Chloride 161 Fluid balance 162 The monovalent electrolytes are Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl), and Potassium (K). An adult male (70 kg) has total body Na of 4 mol (92 g); 2000 mmol is in extracellular fluid (ECF), 1500 mmol in bone, and 500 mmol in intracellular fluid (ICF)....

scholarly journals Comparison between male and female teachers in Egyptian primary schools regarding the effect of teaching on their voice

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Zaky ◽  
H. Mamdouh ◽  
A. Maher ◽  
Z. Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Room Acoustics ◽  
Male Teachers ◽  
Voice Change ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Day

Abstract Background Teachers are more likely to develop voice disorders compared to non-teachers in other occupations. Teachers are often cited as a high-risk group for vocal dysfunction as they use their voices extensively over their profession for instructing and managing students, also due to other extra loading factors, such as background noise, long speaking distance, poor room acoustics, and lack of adequate equipment, like voice amplifiers. The primary school teachers are particularly at risk as they have little opportunity for voice rest during the working day. Gender is another factor affecting incidence of voice disorders. Female teachers seem to be more affected by voice disorders than male teachers. The aim of our study was to compare between genders (male–female teachers) in primary schools to show the effect of teaching and other risk factors on their voice for proper management. Results The study showed that there were statistically significant differences between male teachers and female teachers regarding history of voice change; female teachers had history of voice change more than male teachers. Female teachers suffered from emotional stress more than male teachers, and this affects their voice. In addition, study showed a significant association between the grade of dysphonia and VHI. Conclusion There is evidence that female teachers are complaining more of voice change and suffering from voice disorders than males. Besides, female teachers are showing a higher degree of emotional stress. This may necessitate a combined assessment of the voice and psychological profile of all teachers with voice change.

scholarly journals Body composition and resting energy expenditure in humans: role of fat, fat-free mass and extracellular fluid

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nielsen ◽  
DD Hensrud ◽  
S Romanski ◽  
JA Levine ◽  
B Burguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Resting Energy
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