Preparation of High Heating Value Gas, High Quality Bio-Oil and Added Value Carbon Materials from Caragana Pyrolyzed via Super-High Temperature Steam

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 2152-2161
Author(s):  
Jun Li Liu ◽  
Jian Chun Jiang ◽  
Wei Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
High Temperature Steam

Caragana is an abundant plant as the feedstock of biomass energy in China. In this study, pyrolysis of Caragana in the presence of high temperature medium and characterization of products has been carried out. Evaluation of experimental results showed that faster devolatilization and char with increased surface area obtained in the presence of high temperature steam comparing to N2. Analysis of the obtained liquid revealed that the H/C and O/C ratios in the liquid are 1.5 and 0.16 respectively. Further more gas composition during high temperature steam pyrolysis differs from gas composition derived from N2pyrolysis which indicates interaction of steam with vapors and solid species even at low treatment temperatures. The derived products’ yields and characteristics indicate possible exploitation of derived char as activate carbon precursor. Liquid fraction composition makes it suitable for exploitation as liquid fuel and/or chemical feedstock.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on bio-oil fractions of palm kernel shell thermal distillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Deana Qarizada ◽  
Erfan Mohammadian ◽  
Azil Bahari Alias ◽  
Humapar Azhar Rahimi ◽  
Suriatie Binti Mat Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Fractions

Distillation is an essential thermo chemical process; it mainly depends on temperature which affects mostly the product yield and composition. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature on the characterization of bio-oil liquid fraction derived from palm kernel shell (PKS) bio-oil. The temperatures were 100 °C and 140°C. The higher heating value (HHV) obtained were 28.6MJ/Kg and 31.5MJ/Kg for bio-oil fraction 100°C and 140°C respectively. The GC- MS analysis determined that phenol is the dominant product in bio-oil fractions.

scholarly journals Biochar and Energy Production: Valorizing Swine Manure through Coupling Co-Digestion and Pyrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén González ◽  
Judith González ◽  
José G. Rosas ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Xiomar Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil

Anaerobic digestion is an established technological option for the treatment of agricultural residues and livestock wastes beneficially producing renewable energy and digestate as biofertilizer. This technology also has significant potential for becoming an essential component of biorefineries for valorizing lignocellulosic biomass due to its great versatility in assimilating a wide spectrum of carbonaceous materials. The integration of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis of its digestates for enhanced waste treatment was studied. A theoretical analysis was performed for three scenarios based on the thermal needs of the process: The treatment of swine manure (scenario 1), co-digestion with crop wastes (scenario 2), and addition of residual glycerine (scenario 3). The selected plant design basis was to produce biochar and electricity via combined heat and power units. For electricity production, the best performing scenario was scenario 3 (producing three times more electricity than scenario 1), with scenario 2 resulting in the highest production of biochar (double the biochar production and 1.7 times more electricity than scenario 1), but being highly penalized by the great thermal demand associated with digestate dewatering. Sensitivity analysis was performed using a central composite design, predominantly to evaluate the bio-oil yield and its high heating value, as well as digestate dewatering. Results demonstrated the effect of these parameters on electricity production and on the global thermal demand of the plant. The main significant factor was the solid content attained in the dewatering process, which excessively penalized the global process for values lower than 25% TS.

High-temperature steam reforming of bio-oil derived light organics and methane to hydrogen-rich gas with trace CO via rational temperature control

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
pp. 18924-18929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Hu ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Dehua Dong ◽  
Gongxuan Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Temperature Region ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
High Temperature Steam

A reactor with constant-temperature and stepwise decreasing-temperature zones is developed, which can catalyze steam reforming of bio-oil derived organics and methane to produce hydrogen-rich gas with only trace CO in a wide temperature region.

Waste Management Practice in Malaysia and Future Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 531-549
Author(s):  
Huang Shen Chua ◽  
Mohammed J. K. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Combustible Gases

Malaysia current waste management systems are not able to solve the disposal rates. The reduction of waste through 3Rs programme (reduce, reuse, and recycle) is in precontemplation stage. The municipal solid waste (MSW) condition is mixed and wet. The landfill and Thermal Treatment Plant (incineration) are the current practices for the MSW disposal. Landfill created leachate while incineration released unhealthy gases. Incineration failed due to the improper management and high cost of the operation. Torrefaction is needed before it goes to the incineration to improve the high heating value (HHV). The MSW pyrolysis and gasification are able to convert into valuable products (bio-oil, biochar, combustible gases). Combustible gases can be used to feedback into the incinerator. The heat of the incinerator can be performed waste to energy (WTE), which is able to convert into electricity as a Feed-in-Tariff (FiT).

scholarly journals Boosting the Higher Heating Value of Eucalyptus globulus via Thermochemical Liquefaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3717
Author(s):  
Frederico Fernandes ◽  
Sandro Matos ◽  
Daniela Gaspar ◽  
Luciana Silva ◽  
Ivo Paulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
The Impact

Biomass can be envisaged as a potential solution to mitigate the problems that the extensive exploitation of fossil sources causes on the environment. Transforming biomass into added-value products with better calorific properties is highly desired. Thermochemical liquefaction can convert biomass into a bio-oil. The work herein presented concerns the study of direct liquefaction of Eucalyptus globulus sawdust. The main goal was to optimise the operating conditions of the process to achieve high bio-oil conversion rates. Studies were carried out to understand the impact of the process factors, such as the residence time, catalyst concentration, temperature, and the biomass-to-solvent ratio. The E. globulus sawdust conversion into bio-oil was achieved with a maximum conversion of 96.2%. A higher conversion was reached when the eucalyptus sawdust's thermochemical liquefaction was conducted over 180 minutes in the presence of a >2.44% catalyst concentration at 160 °C. A lower biomass-to-solvent ratio favours the process leading to a higher conversion of biomass into bio-oil. The afforded bio-oil presented a better higher heating value than that of E. globulus sawdust.

scholarly journals Characterization of residual biomass from the harvest of Eucalyptus saligna for thermal conversion processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e13
Author(s):  
Joyce Helena da Silveira ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Thomé Dorneles ◽  
Victor Hugo Andreis Sebben ◽  
Fabiano Perin Gasparin ◽  
Lúcia Allebrandt da Silva Ries
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood

Considering the increasing need for renewable products, the present work aims to evaluate the physical-chemical properties of the eucalyptus harvest residues and its constituent fractions individually (barks, leaves, and branches), through proximate, ultimate, energetic and thermal analyzes. The biomass studied was Eucalyptus saligna species, cultivated mainly for the production of pulp and paper. The proximate analysis of the residue resulted in the moisture content of 10.1%, ash content of 3.9%, volatile materials about 81.1%, and fixed carbon of 15.0%, showing similar values to the constituent fractions. The ultimate analysis of the residue resulted in 46.5% of carbon content, 5.8% of hydrogen, and 43.2% of oxygen. The high heating value (HHV) for the residue is 17.93 MJ/kg, comparable to other biomasses of importance, including eucalyptus wood, the noblest part of the forest cultivation. The thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were carried out and the resulting thermograms show three main ranges of biomass degradation. The first range, from 30 to 150 °C, corresponds to the drying of the material; in the range from 200 to 325 °C hemicelluloses degrade, with partial degradation of lignin and cellulose, and in the range from 325 to 380 °C, the majority of cellulose degradation takes place. The physical-chemical data demonstrate that the eucalyptus residue is an excellent source of biomass for thermal conversion processes. Obtaining products with higher added value from this residue contributes to the implementation of new technological practices that link economic development to environmental responsibility.

Production and characterization of bio-oil from algae using pyrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 032-038
Author(s):  
J Sani ◽  
T Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Gaseous Product ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Powdered Sample ◽  
Bio Oil

Pyrolysis of the algae (chlorophyceac) was carried out using fixed bed reactor at 4500C. The mass balance of the pyrolysed algae were liquid fraction (oil) (10%), gaseous product (11%), solid product (char) (79%) and extent of conversion (21%. The proximate analysis of powdered sample was carried out in accordance with the official method of analytical chemistry (AOAC). The moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and fixed carbon determined were 3 + 0.33, 70.3 + 0.5, 6.3 + 0.3 and 20.2 + 0.07 respectively. The result obtained indicate that algae (chlorophyceae) could be used as feedstock for generation of pyrolysed oil which could probably be upgraded to fuel for both domestic and industrial purposes.

Study on Clean Treatment of Urea-Formaldehyde Waste Using Fast Pyrolysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 2097-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Sheng Gou ◽  
Jian Min Chang ◽  
Xue Yong Ren ◽  
Yan Xue Han ◽  
Hui Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Promising Technology ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Bio Oil

A large amount of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin waste is generated accompanied with discarded wood-based panels in China. In order to find out a safe and clean technology to recover these wastes, characterization of the nitrogen species released from fast pyrolysis of UF resin was investigated using PY-GC/MS.The results show that nitrogen atom trends to form nitrogen heterocyclic species rather than aliphatic species, especially at high temperature during UF fast pyrolysis. The number of produced species reaches its maximum when temperature was setto the range of 500-600 °C, the proper temperature range for wood fast pyrolysis. During UF resin fast pyrolysis, neither NO, NO2, N2O nor their precursors (HCN and HNCO) were observed. These substances were proven to be very harmful to the environment. Most produced nitrogen species havestrong antibacterial activity, andcan greatly enhance the high-valued utilization of bio-oil. Based on these, we concluded that fast pyrolysis is a promising technology to recover the UF resin waste in a safe and clean manner.

In Situ Pyrolysis of Pine Flowers to Produce Bio-Oil: Effect of Temperature and Catalyst Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Ariany Zulkania ◽  
Nasim Zegarra Yasha ◽  
Shandy Adesya Rachman ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Mixed Catalyst ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Difference

Nowadays, the demand for renewable energy increases dramatically which is caused by the crisis of fossil fuel. Bio-oil is one of the environmental renewable energy since it can be produced from biomass. Pine flowers as biomass mostly still become waste so that it has the potential to become a source of energy production. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature and catalyst treatment on the characterization of bio-oil obtained. This research was using Zeolit catalyst activated by HCl 4N for six hours and impregnated by Fe2(NO3)3.9H2O. The experiment was carried out at different temperature treatment (450 °C, 500 °C, 550 °C) and different catalyst treatment (non-catalyst, non-impregnated catalyst, and impregnated catalyst). The catalyst and the biomass with size of (-100+120) mesh and (-30+40) mesh, respectively, were mixed where the catalyst used was 5% of the total weight of the biomass. The mixed catalyst-biomass was then put into the reactor to be pyrolyzed. The pyrolysis process was carried out by flowing N2 gas to prevent the presence of oxygen in the reactor. The result showed that optimum bio-oil production, 33.73%, was obtained from the sample with 550 °C with non-impregnated catalyst. The resulting bio-oil has the following properties : dark brown, yield of bio-oil 17.58%-33.73%, pH 2.95-3.56, density 1.055 gr/mL-1.068 gr/mL, and heating value 2,065.07-2,490.40 cal/gr. Finally, the GCMS results with the effect of temperature and catalyst treatment show the difference in the percentage of the phenolic-aromatic compound, acid, hydrocarbon, and ketone.

Preparation and characterization of Ir-based catalysts on metallic supports for high-temperature steam reforming of methanol

2008 ◽  
Vol 341 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingsheng Jia ◽  
Jin Zhou ◽  
Chunxi Zhang ◽  
Zhongshan Yuan ◽  
Shujuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methanol ◽  
High Temperature Steam
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