Simulation on NOx Generation of RSP Calciner for Cement Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1647-1651
Author(s):  
Mao Ya ◽  
Zuo Bing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Thermal Nox ◽  
Selection Of

At present, cement industry will be the third major pollution source of nitrogen oxide pollution following electric power and automobile industry. According to Chinese 12th Five-Year Plan, nitrogen oxide emission must be decreased 10%. In this paper, the resources of NOx emission from cement production were analyzed. On the basis of forming mechanism of thermal NOx and fuel NOx, a simulation model was constructed to predict NOx generation process in RSP calciner. For the turbulent flow in calciner, a probability density function (PDF) describing time variation is used in model to predict NOx generation rate. The results provide important theory evidence for low-NOx calciner design and selection of its operation process parameter.

scholarly journals Distortion Effects in Equal Area Unit Maps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Schiewe
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Equal Area ◽  
Topological Relationships ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Local Topology ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Local Extreme

AbstractMaps that correctly represent the geographic size and shape of regions, taking into account scaling and generalization, have the disadvantage that small regions can easily be overlooked or not seen at all. Hence, for some map use tasks where small regions are of importance, alternative map types are needed. One option is the so-called equal area unit maps (EAUMs), where every enumeration unit has the same area size, possibly also the same basic shape such as squares or hexagons. The geometrical distortion of EAUMs, however, leads to a more difficult search for regions as well as a falsification of topological relationships and spatial patterns. To describe these distortions, a set of analytical measures is proposed. But it turns out that the expressiveness of these measures is rather limited. To better understand and to model the influence of distortions, two user studies were conducted. The study on the search in EAUMs (also with the aim of reconstruct the search strategies of the users) revealed how important it is to consider the local topology (e.g. corner or border positions of regions) during the generation process. With regard to pattern identification, it could be shown that EAUMs significantly increase the detection rate of local extreme values. On the other hand, global lateral gradients or geostatistical hot spots often get blurred or even lost. As a consequence, a task-oriented selection of map types and further developments are recommended.

Carbon Management in an Emissions-Intensive Industry in a Developing Economy: Cement Manufacturing in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Togar W. S. Panjaitan ◽  
Paul Dargusch ◽  
Ammar A. Aziz ◽  
David Wadley
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalents ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Capital Intensive

Around 600 Mt carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emission originates from energy production and consumption in Indonesia annually. Of this output, 40 Mt CO2e comes from cement production. This makes the cement industry a key sector to target in Indonesia’s quest to reduce its emissions by 26% by 2020. Substantial opportunities exist for the industry to reduce emissions, mainly through clinker substitution, alternative fuels, and the modernization of kiln technologies. However, most of these abatement options are capital intensive and considered as noncore business. Due to this, the private sector is unlikely to voluntarily invest in emission reduction unless it saves money, improves revenue, enhances the strategic position of the firm, or unless governments provide incentives or force adoption through regulatory and policy controls. In this study, we review the profile of the Indonesian cement industry and assess the carbon management and climate policy actions available to reduce emissions. The case highlights opportunities for improved carbon management in emission-intensive industries in developing countries.

scholarly journals Innovative Visualization System Designed to Monitor Parameters of Mining Systems Operation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
Dawid Szurgacz ◽  
Jarosław Brodny
Keyword(s):  
Hard Coal ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Hard Coal Mining ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Roof Support

Abstract Mining machines suitable for hard coal mining, due to the specifics of this industry must be characterized by very high technical parameters. In particular, it concerns their durability, reliability and availability. Currently used machines approved for operation in underground conditions meet such requirements. Nevertheless, during their operation it is reasonable to conduct supervision and control of work parameters. This applies to both machine manufacturers and users, which is especially important in the event of a failure. Mine employees should be able control of the entire operation process. This control can be effective thanks to a visualization system developed to monitor the working parameters of mining systems. The paper discusses the innovative system and presents the results of efficiency tests. They concerned the visualization of the operation of a powered roof support. The obtained results indicate that the assumed goal of the system has been achieved. The system is built on elements of industrial automation, which guarantees the reliability of the indicated values. Its graphic layout and selection of the presented parameters are also approved. It should also be emphasized that the system can work with currently operating systems and is easy to expand. According to the Authors, the system should find a wide application in practice.

scholarly journals A Life-Cycle Approach to Integrate Environmental and Mechanical Properties of Blended Cements Containing Seashell Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13120
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Soltanzadeh ◽  
Ali E. Behbahani ◽  
Eduardo N. B. Pereira ◽  
Carlos A. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Life Cycle Approach ◽  
Natural Pozzolan ◽  
Cement Production

The adverse consequences of producing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) on the environment have introduced cement production as the fourth largest source of anthropogenic carbon emissions after petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Managing and reducing the environmental concerns regarding the impacts of cement production on the environment, namely the depletion of non-renewable fuel resources, consumption of natural raw materials, and releasing huge amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere should be, therefore, one of the key priorities of the cement industry. Application of locally available minerals and wastes that can be blended with OPC as a substitute could considerably reduce the environmental impact. The present study evaluates the potentiality of waste seashell to be used as an additive in the production of blended cement through a modified life cycle approach integrating environmental and mechanical performances. In this regard, 34 cements consisting of different blends of OPC, seashell powder (within the range of 4–30% by OPC mass), and natural pozzolan (up to 30% by OPC mass) were tested to identify the optimal dosage of OPC substitution. Environmental impacts of the cements were assessed through life-cycle analysis. The possibility of mitigating the carbon dioxide emissions in the production of cements, with similar mechanical performance compared to that of OPC, was evaluated by considering both the mechanical and environmental results. The outcome of this study introduced more environment-friendly and sustainable options for future cements.

scholarly journals Carbon and air pollutant emissions from China's cement industry 1990–2015: trends, evolution of technologies and drivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Dan Tong ◽  
Yixuan Zheng ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Xinying Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Control Technologies

Abstract. China is the largest cement producer and consumer in the world. Cement manufacturing is highly energy-intensive, and is one of the major contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2) and air pollutant emissions, which threatens climate mitigation and air quality improvement. In this study, we investigated the decadal changes of carbon dioxide and air pollutant emissions for the period of 1990–2015, based on intensive unit-based information on activity rates, production capacity, operation status, and control technologies, which improved the accuracy of the cement emissions in China. We found that, from 1990 to 2015, accompanied by a 10.9-fold increase in cement production, CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions from China's cement industry increased by 626 %, 59 %, and 658 %, whereas CO, PM2.5 and PM10 emissions decreased by 9 %, 66 %, and 63 %, respectively. In the 1990s, driven by the rapid growth of cement production, CO2 and air pollutant emissions increased constantly. Then, the production technology innovation of replacing traditional shaft kilns with the new precalciner kilns in the 2000s markedly reduced SO2, CO and PM emissions from the cement industry. Since 2010, the growing trend of emissions has been further curbed by a combination of measures, including promoting large-scale precalciner production lines and phasing out small ones, upgrading emission standards, installing low-NOx burners (LNB) and selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) to reduce NOx emissions, as well as adopting more advanced particulate matter control technologies. Our study highlighted the effectiveness of advanced technologies on air pollutant emission control, however, CO2 emissions from China's cement industry kept growing throughout the period, posing challenges to future carbon emission mitigation in China.

scholarly journals Implementation of Lean Manufacturing in a Cement Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 7069-7074
Author(s):  
M. Masmali
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Value Stream Mapping ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Work In Process ◽  
Production Processes

The lean manufacturing concept is a systematic minimization of waste and non-value activities in production processes introduced by the Toyota production system. In this research, lean manufacturing is implemented in a cement production line. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is applied to give a clear picture of the value chain in cement production processes and to highlight the non-value-added in the shop floor. To begin, the existing VSM is constructed based on the information and data gathered during visiting and observing the manufacturing process in the firm. As a result, the excess inventory between workstations was identified as a major waste generation, hence, the proposed VSM conducts further improvement and makes action plans to alleviate the unwanted activities. Then, the takt time to ensure smooth material flow and to avoid any occurring delay or bottleneck in the production line was figured out. The supermarket pull-based production control is suggested to be adopted in the future map. Two pull production strategies are selected in this case. The first is applying the Kanban system to control the level of inventory between workstations. The other is the CONWIP approach to control the amount of work in process to the entire production line. The outcome of the proposed models indicates a decrease of the none-value time from 23 days in the current state to about 4 and 2 days in Kanban and CONWIP systems respectively, so the CONWIP was suggested as most efficient. Some suggestions for further research are also mentioned.

scholarly journals The Use of Statistical Inference in the Water Supply Network Managing Operation Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-244
Author(s):  
Izabela Piegdoń
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Time Between Failures ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Operational Data ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Based on operational data concerning the dates of failure of the water supply network, a mean time to failure was performed. The calculations were performed for the main network, distribution network and water supply connections. The hypothesis about exponential working time between failures was verified using the Pearson test (χ2). The presented analyses provide an attitude of further analyses related to modelling the work of renovation and repair teams, associated with the selection of their appropriate number, and also to ensure the required level of safety and reliability of water supply to the consumers.

scholarly journals Study and evaluation the air pollution around the thermal power plant of Zebadiah city, Wassit province, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2494
Author(s):  
Abdulkhaleq Kamal Mahmood ◽  
Ali Abdulkhaleq Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction

This study focused on gaseous pollution caused by exhaust gas from AL-Zubaydiah thermal power plant. Study gases included sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon oxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC). The concentration of gas measurement is conducted during six months from January until June 2017. Nova 600 series portable devise and G450 confined space gas detector was used for measuring gas concentration, which emitted from the chimney of the thermal power station with an interval of 100m and into the path of smoke for a distance of 1400 m. The prevailing wind direction and temperature were taken into consideration during the study and their impact on the gas distribution. Four readings have been taken in each station during each month for all gases under study. The results showed that less gas concentrations were near the power station and then getting more gas concentration away from the station and higher concentrations are obtained at a distance of 900 m from the power station at ground level. Results indicated that sulfur dioxide concentrations recorded were higher than allowed in the Iraqi and American standards in most locations around the station. The highest concentration recorded at 900 m from the power station with value 597.3968 μg/m3, which is higher than the limitation of Iraqi and international specifications (150 μg/m3). This high concentration of SO2 is due to the crude oil from the Ahdab field with high rates of Sulphur that used as fuel in the generation process. These high concentrations of sulfur dioxide cause problems on the growth of plants and human health and viability of the soil in the coming years. Nitrogen oxide gas concentrations also were high and outside the upper limits allowed and were worth 131.38 μg/m3. The rest of the gas concentration (CO and HC) were acceptable and within the Iraqi standard. To preserve the environment in the region and within the limits of the allowed values globally requires a search for another source of fuel with a low percentage of sulfur and using modern technology for burning to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides.  

scholarly journals Environmental Performance Analysis of Cement Production with CO2 Capture and Storage Technology in a Life-Cycle Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing An ◽  
Richard S. Middleton ◽  
Yingnan Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
And Storage

Cement manufacturing is one of the most energy and CO2 intensive industries. With the growth of cement production, CO2 emissions are increasing rapidly too. Carbon capture and storage is the most feasible new technology option to reduce CO2 emissions in the cement industry. More research on environmental impacts is required to provide the theoretical basis for the implementation of carbon capture and storage in cement production. In this paper, GaBi software and scenario analysis were employed to quantitatively analyze and compare the environmental impacts of cement production with and without carbon capture and storage technology, from the perspective of a life-cycle assessment; aiming to promote sustainable development of the cement industry. Results of two carbon capture and storage scenarios show decreases in the impacts of global warming potential and some environmental impacts. However, other scenarios show a significant increase in other environmental impacts. In particular, post-combustion carbon capture technology can bring a more pronounced increase in toxicity potential. Therefore, effective measures must be taken into account to reduce the impact of toxicity when carbon capture and storage is employed in cement production. CO2 transport and storage account for only a small proportion of environmental impacts. For post-combustion carbon capture, most of the environmental impacts come from the unit of combined heat and power and carbon capture, with the background production of MonoEthanolAmine contributing significantly. In combined heat and power plants, natural gas is more advantageous than a 10% coal-saving, and thermal efficiency is a key parameter affecting the environmental impacts. Future research should focus on exploring cleaner and effective absorbents or seeking the alternative fuel in combined heat and power plants for post-combustion carbon capture. If the power industry is the first to deploy carbon capture and storage, oxy-combustion carbon capture is an excellent choice for the cement industry.

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