The Comparison of Three Recycling Processes of Copper Chromite Spent Catalysts

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 566-569
Author(s):  
Zeng Xin Li ◽  
Guo Ming Wang ◽  
Qiang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
Copper Chromite ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Sodium Chromate ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cupric Nitrate ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Soda Ash

Three technologies of recycling copper chromite spent catalysts from furfuryl production by furfural hydrogenization were developed. After the organic species was removed from the solid waste by vacuum pressure distillation at 130°C, the resultant solid waste catalyst was mixed with soda ash, followed by roasting, leaching and removing silicon in a reverberating furnace to obtain sodium chromate. Dissolving the cupric oxide in soda ash solution to remove chrome and then dissolving it in nitric acid, cupric nitrate can be obtained. A certain proportion of such sodium chromate and cupric nitrate were mixed and treated by ammonia solution to give precipitate, which was roasted and granulated to get new catalyst used in furfuryl production. Three processes features and their respective advantages and disadvantages were discussed.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF ACTUAL STATE AND PREDICTION OF INDUSTRIAL SOLID WATSE-HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY UNTIL 2020 IN HO CHI MINH CITY

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Tuan Ngoc Le
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Export Processing Zones ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Negative Impacts

In HCMC, there are 958 factories in 12 industrial parks – export processing zones (IP-EPZ) (2006), 1,011 large factories, 6,202 small and medium factories out of IP-EPZ with 24 various industries. More than 700 factories operate in field of buying and recycling solid waste. Besides, there are 21 licenced and series of unregistered factories operating in field of collecting, transporting, treating, and burning industrial solid waste - hazardous waste (ISW-HW). There is the survey deployed in 24 districts (HCMC). The scope of that inquiry is 278 factories in IP-EPZ, 96 large factories, 1,142 small and medium factories out of IP-EPZ. The quantity of industrial solid waste is 1,044 tons per day with 12 percent of hazardous waste. After analysing the advantages and disadvantages of 05 methods used for predicting the quantity of ISW-HW, according to the ability of collecting data related in HCMC, the research has compared and chosen the best method. The results are: 1,641 tons per day (2010); 3,196 tons per day (2015); 7,318 tons per day (2020). With more and more ISW-HW, doing overall researches in order to establish the effective ISW-HW management measures in HCMC, minimize the negative impacts to environment and public health.

scholarly journals High-temperature processing of municipal solid waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Olga Barysheva ◽  
Yuri Khabibullin ◽  
Aida Mukhametzianova
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
High Temperature Processing

At present, processing and recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become more relevant in our country and the world at large. This problem concerns large towns and cities, where every year millions of tons of all kinds of fractions of household waste are produced. Disposal or recycling of solid waste is an environmental issue, but it is associated with the solution of complex technical, energy and economic challenges. The purpose of this study is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of modern methods of processing and disposal of MSW with the prospect of developing and creating a device for recycling MSW taking into account modern approaches to energy saving and environmental protection. The main results of the study are to create a simple, reliable and technically sound method of MSW disposal to obtain additional energy. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry is the design of a device for the disposal of solid waste with the production of solid combustion products and further their use as building materials and products for various purposes. Because of the technological process of MSW processing, it becomes possible to generate some returns through use of resulting thermal energy for electricity production.

Modelling Methods of Magnetohydrodynamic Phenomena Occurring in a Channel of the Device Used to Wash out Spent Automotive Catalyst on Metallic Substrate by a Liquid Metal

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 566-571
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Fornalczyk ◽  
Roman Przylucki ◽  
Sławomir Golak ◽  
Mariola Saternus
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Coupled Analysis ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Catalytic Converters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Physical Fields ◽  
Modelling Methods ◽  
Temperature And Flow Fields

The recovery of precious metals is necessary for environmental and economic reasons. Spent catalysts from automotive industry containing precious metals are very attractive recyclable material because as the devices. they have to be periodically renovated and eventually replaced. Among automotive catalysts withdrawn from use, these with metallic carrier constitute quite a big group. Metallic carriers are usually obtained from steel FeCrAl , which is covered by a layer of PGM acting as a catalyst. World literature describes a number of pyro-or hydrometallurgical methods used for recovery of platinum from used automobile catalytic converters. However, all methods, available in the literature, are used to recover platinum from ceramic carrier. This paper presents the new method of removing platinum from the spent catalytic converters applying lead as a collector metal in a device used to wash out platinum by using mangetohydrodynamic pump. The article includes the description of the methods used in modelling magnetohydrodynamic phenomena (coupled analysis of the electromagnetic, temperature and flow fields) occurring in this particular device for this kind of waste. The general phenomena and ways of coupling the various physical fields for this type of calculation have also been described. The basic computational techniques with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages have been presented.

Assessment of Advanced Biological Solid Waste Treatment Technologies for Sustainability

2017 ◽  
pp. 1306-1332
Author(s):  
Duygu Yasar ◽  
Nurcin Celik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Subject Matter Expert ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Solid Waste Treatment ◽  
Hierarchy Process

53.8% of annually generated US Municipal Solid Waste was discarded in landfills by 2012. However, landfills fail to provide a sustainable solution to manage the waste. The State of Florida has responded to the need of establishing sustainable SWM systems by setting an ambitious 75% recycling goal to be achieved by 2020. To this end, Advanced Biological Treatment (ABT) and Thermal Treatment (ATT) of municipal solid waste premise a sustainable solution to manage the waste as it drastically reduces the volume of waste discarded in landfills and produces biogas that can be used to generate energy. In this chapter, ABT and ATT technologies are analyzed; and their advantages and disadvantages are examined from a sustainability perspective. A comprehensive top-to-bottom assessment of ABT technologies is provided for Florida using Analytic Hierarchy Process based on the collected subject matter expert rankings.

Biohydrogen, biomethane and bioelectricity as crucial components of biorefinery of organic wastes: A review

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor M Poggi-Varaldo ◽  
Karla M Munoz-Paez ◽  
Carlos Escamilla-Alvarado ◽  
Paula N Robledo-Narváez ◽  
M Teresa Ponce-Noyola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Purple Bacteria ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Series Systems

Biohydrogen is a sustainable form of energy as it can be produced from organic waste through fermentation processes involving dark fermentation and photofermentation. Very often biohydrogen is included as a part of biorefinery approaches, which reclaim organic wastes that are abundant sources of renewable and low cost substrate that can be efficiently fermented by microorganisms. The aim of this work was to critically assess selected bioenergy alternatives from organic solid waste, such as biohydrogen and bioelectricity, to evaluate their relative advantages and disadvantages in the context of biorefineries, and finally to indicate the trends for future research and development. Biorefining is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products, which means: energy, materials, chemicals, food and feed. Dark fermentation of organic wastes could be the beach-head of complete biorefineries that generate biohydrogen as a first step and could significantly influence the future of solid waste management. Series systems show a better efficiency than one-stage process regarding substrate conversion to hydrogen and bioenergy. The dark fermentation also produces fermented by-products (fatty acids and solvents), so there is an opportunity for further combining with other processes that yield more bioenergy. Photoheterotrophic fermentation is one of them: photosynthetic heterotrophs, such as non-sulfur purple bacteria, can thrive on the simple organic substances produced in dark fermentation and light, to give more H2. Effluents from photoheterotrophic fermentation and digestates can be processed in microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity production and methanogenic digestion for methane generation, thus integrating a diverse block of bioenergies. Several digestates from bioenergies could be used for bioproducts generation, such as cellulolytic enzymes and saccharification processes, leading to ethanol fermentation (another bioenergy), thus completing the inverse cascade. Finally, biohydrogen, biomethane and bioelectricity could contribute to significant improvements for solid organic waste management in agricultural regions, as well as in urban areas.

The Viability of Incineration as a Disposal Option: The Evolution of a Niche Technology, 1885–1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Martin V. Melosi
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Disposal Option ◽  
Total Pool ◽  
Disposal Options ◽  
Over Time

Incineration has too often been perceived as a potential disposal panacea rather than one of several disposal options that meet varying criteria. Rather than trying to explain its advantages and disadvantages vis-à-vis other methods, we should first attempt to determine under what circumstances incineration best serves what disposal needs. The historical trend lines from 1885—when incinerators first appeared—to the present suggest that, in practice, incineration has been most notably a niche technology. To measure its success or failure in terms of aggregate numbers in the total pool of disposal options is to insufficiently understand its function over time, as part of a more complex system of solid waste disposal affected by several variables, including economic, environmental, and regulatory externalities.

scholarly journals Solid Waste Gasification: Comparison of Single- and Multi-Staged Reactors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianhui Zhao ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Meghan E. Lamm ◽  
Serdar Celik ◽  
Lin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
Waste Gasification

Interest in converting waste into renewable energy has increased recently due to concerns about sustainability and climate change. This solid waste is mainly derived from municipal solid waste (MSW), biomass residue, plastic waste, and their mixtures. Gasification is one commonly applied technology that can convert solid waste into usable gases, including H2, CO, CH4, and CO2. Single- and multi-staged reactors have been utilized for solid waste gasification. Comparison in reactor dimensions, operating factors (e.g., gasification agent, temperature, and feed composition), performance (e.g., syngas yield and selectivity), advantages, and disadvantages are discussed and summarized. Additionally, discussion will include economic and advanced catalysts which have been developed for use in solid waste gasification. The multi-staged reactor can not only be applied for gasification, but also for pyrolysis and torrefaction.

scholarly journals Impact of Solid Waste Management on Rural Development in Lebanon Advantages and Disadvantages Case Study: Ain Baal Project (Tyre caza)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. p40
Author(s):  
DR. Ali KASSEM
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
University Degree ◽  
The Impact

Solid waste is a global, regional and national problem. Lebanon is not isolated and far away from this problem. Lebanese state since the beginning did not work to find a scientific effective permanent lasting solution to this problem. Every day all media broadcast about solid waste problems, especially in the region of Sidon and Tyre caza. The file of solid waste management (collecting-transporting-disposal) is exhausting municipalities’ financial resources instead of investing these funds in implementing rural development programs, which TYRE caza fiercely needs. Development represents the most challenging aspect for all countries of the world, whether they are developed or developing countries. In addition, development in its concept and application, whether it was sustainable development, local, rural, urban, became the focal attention of states governments alike, whether those countries are developed or developing countries. For that purpose, those countries have established ministries and research centers to take care of development and even to add university degree related to development.Lebanon has not follow this track, neither in the formulation of designed ministry for development nor in the adding of university specialized degree, also the academic literature, who deals in the subject of development. “Limited number of institutions involved in rural development such as , the establishment of kafalat cooperation, a new investment law that establish the autonomous investment development authority of Lebanon (IDAL), the provision of subsidized credit through a central bank facility, signing trade agreements to expand and liberalize trade with Lebanon’s partners” E/ESCWA/2007/WG.5 26OCTOBER 2007.The research will focus on the concepts of rural development, rural area, analyze the impact of expenditure on solid waste on rural development in TYRE caza.

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