Modelling Methods of Magnetohydrodynamic Phenomena Occurring in a Channel of the Device Used to Wash out Spent Automotive Catalyst on Metallic Substrate by a Liquid Metal

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 566-571
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Fornalczyk ◽  
Roman Przylucki ◽  
Sławomir Golak ◽  
Mariola Saternus
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Coupled Analysis ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Catalytic Converters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Physical Fields ◽  
Modelling Methods ◽  
Temperature And Flow Fields

The recovery of precious metals is necessary for environmental and economic reasons. Spent catalysts from automotive industry containing precious metals are very attractive recyclable material because as the devices. they have to be periodically renovated and eventually replaced. Among automotive catalysts withdrawn from use, these with metallic carrier constitute quite a big group. Metallic carriers are usually obtained from steel FeCrAl , which is covered by a layer of PGM acting as a catalyst. World literature describes a number of pyro-or hydrometallurgical methods used for recovery of platinum from used automobile catalytic converters. However, all methods, available in the literature, are used to recover platinum from ceramic carrier. This paper presents the new method of removing platinum from the spent catalytic converters applying lead as a collector metal in a device used to wash out platinum by using mangetohydrodynamic pump. The article includes the description of the methods used in modelling magnetohydrodynamic phenomena (coupled analysis of the electromagnetic, temperature and flow fields) occurring in this particular device for this kind of waste. The general phenomena and ways of coupling the various physical fields for this type of calculation have also been described. The basic computational techniques with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages have been presented.

scholarly journals Modelling Methods of Magnetohydrodynamic Phenomena Occurring in a Channel of the Device Used to Wash Out the Spent Automotive Catalyst by a Liquid Metal

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 713-718
Author(s):  
A. Fornalczyk ◽  
R. Przylucki ◽  
S. Golak ◽  
J. Willner
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Coupled Analysis ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Physical Fields ◽  
Modelling Methods ◽  
Temperature And Flow Fields

AbstractThe recovery of precious metals is necessary for environmental and economic reasons. Spent catalysts from automotive industry containing precious metals are very attractive recyclable material as the devices have to be periodically renovated and eventually replaced. This paper presents the method of removing platinum from the spent catalytic converters applying lead as a collector metal in a device used to wash out by using mangetohydrodynamic stirrer. The article includes the description of the methods used for modeling of magnetohydrodynamic phenomena (coupled analysis of the electromagnetic, temperature and flow fields) occurring in this particular device. The paper describes the general phenomena and ways of coupling the various physical fields for this type of calculation. The basic computational techniques with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages are presented.

scholarly journals A Study of the Impact of Power Supply Parameters on Metal Flow Velocity in the Channel of a Device for Washing out Precious Metals from of the Automotive Catalytic Converters

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
A. Fornalczyk ◽  
S. Golak ◽  
R. Przyłucki ◽  
J. Willner
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Coupled Analysis ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Catalytic Converters ◽  
Effective Velocity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The lifetime of a catalytic converters is limited. Today’s environmental regulations require that used converters should be properly recycled as a valuable source of precious metals, Al2O3 and steel scrap. The precious metals used in the devices perform catalytic functions. They are suspended in a ceramic or metal carrier. This paper deals with the recovery of precious metals from automotive converters using a metal-collector method. In order to speed up the washout of the precious metals from the capillary structure of the converter, the movement of the liquid metal-collector was forced by the electromagnetic field. The research was aimed at improving the effective velocity of the liquid metal flow through the carrier by means of a device with a double windings. Various ways of power supply were considered. The calculation experiment was performed as a weakly coupled analysis of the electromagnetic field and flow field.

Scoring Modeling in Estimating the Financial Condition of Russian Agro-Industrial Companies

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-175
Author(s):  
Oleg Y. Patlasov ◽  
Olga K. Mzhelskaya
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Express Analysis ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Discriminant Models ◽  
Modelling Methods

The chapter presents the authors' estimations according to the scoring modeling techniques; also, internationally spread models of bankruptcy forecasting are systematized. Advantages and disadvantages of dynamic modelling methods as applied to financial condition assessment are presented here. Methodological problems of financial modelling are explained here in detail. Regression, logit-regression, and discriminant models are built on the basis of data on the Rosselkhozbank and Sberbank of Russia regulations, taking into account the agrarian specifics of organizations and regional specificity of the Omsk region. An attempt has been made to balance the simplicity of calculations and the accuracy of predictions. Graphs, to be used for express analysis, are constructed on the basis of two core financial indicators.

scholarly journals Model of Infiltration of Spent Automotive Catalysts by Molten Metal in Process of Platinum Metals Recovery

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Fornalczyk ◽  
Slawomir Golak ◽  
Mariola Saternus
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Molten Metal ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Automotive Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Carrier ◽  
Metals Recovery ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Hydrodynamic Field ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the model for the washing-out process of precious metals from spent catalysts by the use of molten lead in which the metal flow is caused by the rotating electromagnetic field and the Lorentz force. The model includes the coupling of the electromagnetic field with the hydrodynamic field, the flow of metal through anisotropic and porous structure of the catalyst, and the movement of the phase boundary (air-metal) during infiltration of the catalyst carrier by the molten metal. The developed model enabled analysis of the impact of spacing between the catalysts and the supply current on the degree of catalyst infiltration by the molten metal. The results of calculations carried out on the basis of the model were verified experimentally.

The Comparison of Three Recycling Processes of Copper Chromite Spent Catalysts

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 566-569
Author(s):  
Zeng Xin Li ◽  
Guo Ming Wang ◽  
Qiang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
Copper Chromite ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Sodium Chromate ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cupric Nitrate ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Soda Ash

Three technologies of recycling copper chromite spent catalysts from furfuryl production by furfural hydrogenization were developed. After the organic species was removed from the solid waste by vacuum pressure distillation at 130°C, the resultant solid waste catalyst was mixed with soda ash, followed by roasting, leaching and removing silicon in a reverberating furnace to obtain sodium chromate. Dissolving the cupric oxide in soda ash solution to remove chrome and then dissolving it in nitric acid, cupric nitrate can be obtained. A certain proportion of such sodium chromate and cupric nitrate were mixed and treated by ammonia solution to give precipitate, which was roasted and granulated to get new catalyst used in furfuryl production. Three processes features and their respective advantages and disadvantages were discussed.

scholarly journals Advanced Materials Based on Nanosized Hydroxyapatite

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3190
Author(s):  
Ramón Rial ◽  
Michael González-Durruthy ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Juan M. Ruso
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Nanosized Hydroxyapatite ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

The development of new materials based on hydroxyapatite has undergone a great evolution in recent decades due to technological advances and development of computational techniques. The focus of this review is the various attempts to improve new hydroxyapatite-based materials. First, we comment on the most used processing routes, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. We will now focus on other routes, less common due to their specificity and/or recent development. We also include a block dedicated to the impact of computational techniques in the development of these new systems, including: QSAR, DFT, Finite Elements of Machine Learning. In the following part we focus on the most innovative applications of these materials, ranging from medicine to new disciplines such as catalysis, environment, filtration, or energy. The review concludes with an outlook for possible new research directions.

scholarly journals Reviewing of the Simulation Models in Cost Management of the Construction Projects

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 607-622
Author(s):  
Faiq Mohammed Sarhan Al-Zwainy ◽  
Reem Amer ◽  
Tareq Khaleel
Keyword(s):  
Construction Management ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
High Fidelity Simulation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cost Simulation

Simulation and computational techniques cover a variety of aspects also had proved its feasibility in construction management as whole, so it had adopted by a lot of researches during the last decades with rapid progress. The current study presents a focused review about construction cost simulation using, and provides an overview of such advancements achieved between 1990 and 2016 in construction management sector. This paper focuses specifically on many different topics including construction cost simulation, simulation modelling concept, steps of simulation conducting, simulation purposes, simulation advantages and disadvantages, etc.  Major advances in construction cost simulation area are highlighted, as well as the trends for development and application. Over the selected study period, there has been a substantial increase in the use of high-fidelity simulation in construction cost management.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN ANTI-THEFT OF CATALYTIC CONVERTERS INSTALLED IN CARS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
R. Pertsev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Catalytic Converters ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Dna Profiles

Recently, there has been increase in the number of property crimes in the world, including theft of external car parts. The number of thefts of catalytic converters installed in cars of various brands has sharply increased due to a significant increase in the value of precious metals such as platinum, palladium and rhodium. The reason for a sharp increase in the number of crimes of this particular car part is small amounts of the mentioned precious metals in the catalytic convertors. The purpose of this article is to consider this problem faced by law enforcement and legislative bodies in many countries and to propose certain ways for its solution. The article provides an overview of the situation with thefts of catalytic converters in the countries of the European Union, the United States and Israel. Detailed reasons for the occurrence of this problem are provided, as well as measures to protect a car from the theft are suggested.  Possible legislative and investigative-forensic actions to prevent this type of crime are considered: - law enforcement agencies investigating this type of crime should clearly understand that we are not talking about isolated, unrelated cases, but about well-planned actions of criminal groups. - increase in control over purchase and sale of metal carried out without accounting and corresponding documentation and amendments to the administrative procedural code also require strengthening. - applying a special forensic marking on parts, including on a catalytic converter, will allow to track its location and provide full information to law enforcement agencies from which vehicle it was stolen in the event of its theft. - inspection and examination by a forensic expert of vehicles and other physical evidence left by criminals at crime scenes for criminals’ fingerprints and DNA profiles will help to significantly increase the detection rate of this type of crime.

scholarly journals A “Wastes-Treat-Wastes” Technology: Role and Potential of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts Assisted Pyrolysis of Discarded Car Tires

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2732
Author(s):  
Baishun Zhao ◽  
Chuansheng Wang ◽  
Huiguang Bian
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
Waste Tire ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Fcc Catalysts ◽  
Cracking Catalysts

Spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (FCC catalysts) produced by the petrochemical industry are considered to be environmentally hazardous waste, and precious metals and heavy metals deposited on the surface make them difficult to treat. Even so, these catalysts retain some of their activity. The pyrolysis of waste tires is considered to be one of the most effective ways to solve the fossil fuel resource crisis, and this study attempts to catalyze the pyrolysis of waste tires using spent catalysts to increase the value of both types of waste. FCC catalysts reduced the activation energy (E) of waste tire pyrolysis. When the catalyst dosage was 30 wt.%, the E of tread rubber decreased from 238.87 kJ/mol to 181.24 kJ/mol, which was a 19.94% reduction. The E of the inner liner decreased from 288.03 kJ/mol to 209.12 kJ/mol, a 27.4% reduction. The spent catalyst was more effective in reducing the E and solid yield of the inner liner made of synthetic rubber. It should be emphasized that an appropriate increase in the heating rate can fully exert the selectivity of the catalyst. The catalyst could also be effectively used twice, and the optimum ratio of catalyst/waste tires was about 1/4.5. Compared with specially prepared catalysts, it is more cost-effective to use such wastes as a catalyst for waste tire pyrolysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document