Direct Thermoelectric Microgeneration Using Residual Heat of Photovoltaic System

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Rui Camargo ◽  
Jamir Machado da Silva ◽  
Ederaldo Godoy Junior ◽  
Renan Eduardo da Silva ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Nicolini do Patrocínio Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Theoretical Evaluation ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Influence Of Temperature

All photovoltaic panel heats up when exposed to sunlight and this heating reduces the electrical power output of the same. This work presents the use of this unwanted waste heat, converting it into thermal energy directly by means of the Seebeck effect, which is the direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy by means of an arrangement of semiconductor materials that when exposed to temperature gradients generate electric current. In this work emphasis was placed on the influence of temperature on generation processes involved. Thus, the theoretical evaluation, it presents the mathematical models of thermoelectric and photovoltaic systems by raising the curves of voltage, current and electric power generated, and analyses the influence of temperature in each model. To obtain the simulation curves it uses MATLAB ® 5.3, taking into account the parameters of thermoelectric modules and real photovoltaic cells. In practical evaluation, a prototype was assembled containing thermoelectric module attached to the bottom of a photovoltaic panel in order to use the heat energy absorbed by the panel. The data were stored and analyzed, where we observed the influence of temperature in both systems, validating the mathematical modeling. It is the applicability of the mathematical model given the results obtained with the prototype system.

scholarly journals Study of Hybrid PVA/MA/TEOS Pervaporation Membrane and Evaluation of Energy Requirement for Desalination by Pervaporation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongli Xie ◽  
Derrick Ng ◽  
Manh Hoang ◽  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Stephen Gray
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Pervaporation Membrane ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Multiple Effect Distillation

Desalination by pervaporation is a membrane process that is yet to be realized for commercial application. To investigate the feasibility and viability of scaling up, a process engineering model was developed to evaluate the energy requirement based on the experimental study of a hybrid polyvinyl alcohol/maleic acid/tetraethyl orthosilicate (PVA/MA/TEOS) Pervaporation Membrane. The energy consumption includes the external heating and cooling required for the feed and permeate streams, as well as the electrical power associated with pumps for re-circulating feed and maintaining vacuum. The thermal energy requirement is significant (e.g., up to 2609 MJ/m3 of thermal energy) and is required to maintain the feed stream at 65 °C in recirculation mode. The electrical energy requirement is very small (<0.2 kWh/m3 of required at 65 °C feed temperature at steady state) with the vacuum pump contributing to the majority of the electrical energy. The energy required for the pervaporation process was also compared to other desalination processes such as Reverse Osmosis (RO), Multi-stage Flash (MSF), and Multiple Effect Distillation (MED). The electrical energy requirement for pervaporation is the lowest among these desalination technologies. However, the thermal energy needed for pervaporation is significant. Pervaporation may be attractive when the process is integrated with waste heat and heat recovery option and used in niche applications such as RO brine concentration or salt recovery.

Photovoltaic–Thermoelectrical Generator Using Concentrated Solar Energy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose´ G. Pe´rez ◽  
Sandra Jime´nez ◽  
Salvador A. Iniesta ◽  
Jose´ L. Sosa-Sa´nchez ◽  
Javier Marti´nez
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Special Device ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Junction Transistor

Electrical energy can be generated by using solar energy concentration. Normally, this type of systems requires a special device to achieve optimal heat dissipation. A no cover power Bi-Junction Transistor (BJT) has this advantage. An electrical power generator may be obtained if concentrated solar radiation is applied directly to the surface of a power transistor such as the MJ15023. The waste heat of the BJT is removed by a power thermoelectric module, and then a co-generation system may be obtained. This paper shows how this system is implemented and the results are evaluated to show the advantages of this type of generator.

Analysis of Surface Waste Heat Recovery in IC Engine by Using TEG

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 782-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Prakash ◽  
D. Christopher ◽  
K. Kumarrathinam
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Heat Energy Recovery

The prime objective of this paper is to present the details of a thermoelectric waste heat energy recovery system for automobiles, more specifically, the surface heat available in the silencer. The key is to directly convert the surface heat energy from automotive waste heat to electrical energy using a thermoelectric generator, which is then regulated by a DC–DC Cuk converter to charge a battery using maximum power point tracking. Hence, the electrical power stored in the battery can be maximized. Also the other face of the TEG will remain cold. Hence the skin burn out accidents can be avoided. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can work well under different working conditions, and is promising for automotive industry.

Highly efficient functional GexPb1−xTe based thermoelectric alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (37) ◽  
pp. 20120-20126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Gelbstein ◽  
Joseph Davidow
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Implementation ◽  
Thermoelectric Devices

Methods for enhancement of the direct thermal to electrical energy conversion efficiency, upon development of advanced thermoelectric materials, are constantly investigated mainly for an efficient implementation of thermoelectric devices in automotive vehicles, for utilizing the waste heat generated in such engines into useful electrical power and thereby reduction of the fuel consumption and CO2 emission levels.

Energy Conservation and Storage Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayhan Demirbaş
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Thermal Battery ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
And Storage

In response to increasing electrical energy costs and the desire for better lad management, thermal storage technology has recently been developed. Storage of thermal energy in the form of sensible and latent heat has become an important aspect of energy management with the emphasis on efficient use and conservation of the waste heat and solar energy in industry and buildings. Thermal storage has been characterized as a kind of thermal battery.

Electrical performance results of an energy efficient building with an integrated photovoltaic system

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sosten Ziuku ◽  
Edson L. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
The North ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

A 3.8 kW rooftop photovoltaic generator has been installed on an energy efficient house built at the University of Fort Hare, Alice campus, South Africa. The system, located on the north facing roof, started generating electrical power in February 2009. In addition to providing electrical energy, the photovoltaic panels also act as the building roofing material. An instrumentation and data acquisition system was installed to record the indoor and outdoor ambient temperature, indoor and outdoor relative humidity, wind speed and direction, solar irradiance, electrical energy produced by the solar panels and the household energy consumption. This paper presents the initial results of the electrical performance of the building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) generator and energy consumption patterns in the energy efficient house.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of an Active Thermomagnetic Device for Thermal Energy Harvesting

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makita R. Phillips ◽  
Gregory P. Carman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Energy Harvesting ◽  
Magnetic States ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Abstract The abundance of low-grade waste heat necessitates energy harvesting devices to convert thermal energy to electrical energy. Through magnetic transduction, thermomagnetics can perform this conversion at reasonable efficiencies. Thermomagnetic materials use thermal energy to switch between magnetic and non-magnetic states and convert thermal energy into electrical energy. In this study, we numerically analyzed an active thermomagnetic device for thermal energy harvesting composed of gadolinium (Gd) and neodymium iron boron (NdFeB). A parametric study to determine the device efficiency was conducted by varying the gap distance, heat source temperature, and Gd thickness. Furthermore, the effect of the thermal conductance and applied field was also evaluated. It was found that the relative efficiency for smaller gap distances ranges from ∼15% to 28%; the largest allowable volume of Gd should be used and higher applied field leads to higher efficiencies.

Cogeneration for the Simultaneous Supply of Power, Heat and Refrigeration

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Holldorff ◽  
W. Malewski
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Simultaneous Generation ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Medium Quality

Cogeneration means the simultaneous generation of different forms of energy from fossile fuels: Energy as high grade mechanical/electrical energy and thermal energy for different modes of application. An interesting possibility to use thermal energy of low or medium quality is the conversion to refrigeration by means of absorption refrigeration systems. Absorption refrigeration was invented even earlier than mechanical refrigeration; for many years it was considered inferior. Process improvements and the increased attention to energy conservation and waste heat utilization in the last years, however, made this system attractive again as promising alternative to mechanical vapor compression. The advantages of this system become particularly evident for low temperature applications. More than 50% of the plants built in the last 20 years by the leading manufacturer in this field are designed for evaporation temperatures below −40° F, most of them in freeze-drying plants with temperatures down to −65° F, where they have been proven under severe working conditions with very sensitive products. In the citrus industry the greatest amount of refrigeration is required for concentrate processing at a temperature level of approximatley −41° F. And this is the reason why ammonia absorption refrigeration systems — particularly integrated in cogeneration plants — should be of interest for the citrus industry. Therefore absorption refrigeration will be a focal point of this paper. Paper published with permission.

Numerical Studies on the Performance of a Bubble Pump

2013 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bruno Augustin ◽  
Jigar Golecha ◽  
K.G. Sai Shreenaath ◽  
Vishnu Swami ◽  
M. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermally Driven ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration System ◽  
Bubble Pump

Increase in the consumption of electrical energy worldwide has laid the emphasis on replacing electrical energy with thermal energy wherever possible. In this paper, the bubble pump, which is ‘heart’ of diffusion- absorption refrigeration system, has been investigated numerically. A thermally driven bubble pump, which can be powered by waste heat or solar thermal energy, is used to lift the liquid. As a result of the absence of any mechanical moving part, the refrigerator is silent and very reliable in addition to aneconomicalandenvironmental friendlydevice. The concept of such a pump is already in existence but optimization studies are yet to be extensively investigated. This paper deals with the optimization of various parameters of the bubble pump usingwateras the working fluid. Parametric studies are carried out and a design optimization for maximum efficiency is performed for various operating conditions.Numerical simulation of the bubble pump is carried out using simple numerical equations which assume slug flow in the bubble pump. The diameter of the pipe and the position of the heating element are varied and the effect it has on time taken, pumping ratio and pumping ratio for one pumping cycle is studied.

Generating Renewable Electric Power and Reducing Carbon Footprint by Converting Low-Grade Heat to Electrical Energy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Halsband
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Heat ◽  
Stack Gas

Recent technological developments in expander design and next generation refrigerants have made implementation of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) a viable strategy for converting low grade heat into valuable amounts of recoverable, green electrical power. This green process reduces the typical plants carbon footprint. A brief review of the technical drivers of a typical ORC design will be followed with examples of waste heat energy sources in a typical 50 MMGPY biofuels plant. A Case History will be presented for potential energy sources to drive the process that will include 1.) 15 psig steam / condensate return 2.) Boiler stack gas 3.) Dryer stack gas emissions with expected converted electrical energy yields. Impact of energy savings and reducing total plant carbon emissions will also be addressed.

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