The Status and Trends of Crystalline Silicon PV Module Recycling Treatment Methods in Europe and China

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Fang Lv ◽  
Li Yun Ma ◽  
Li Juan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Abrasive Machining ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
The Status ◽  
Treatment Research

The disposal of PV systems will become a problem in view of the continually increasing production of PV modules. Development for waste PV modules recycling would be extremely effective in coping with this problem. In Europe, the thermal method and chemical method for PV recycling were deeply developed. The thermal treatment was to separate the module components under 600°C. The chemical treatment is to recover silicon wafers out of solar cells, which can be used again in modules. But automated separation of components and advanced chemical process needs to be studied on. In China, mechanical treatment research for PV recycling has just started. PV modules were separated and recycled by abrasive machining under the cryogenic condition and electrostatic separation. The mechanical treatment can't recycle silicon to reprocess new wafers for its low purity. Compared to the advanced technology in Europe, PV recycling in China is primary and badly in need of improving to face the huge PV module recycling demands in future.

scholarly journals A Simple Mismatch Mitigating Partial Power Processing Converter for Solar PV Modules

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2308
Author(s):  
Kamran Ali Khan Niazi ◽  
Yongheng Yang ◽  
Tamas Kerekes ◽  
Dezso Sera
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
In Series

Partial shading affects the energy harvested from photovoltaic (PV) modules, leading to a mismatch in PV systems and causing energy losses. For this purpose, differential power processing (DPP) converters are the emerging power electronic-based topologies used to address the mismatch issues. Normally, PV modules are connected in series and DPP converters are used to extract the power from these PV modules by only processing the fraction of power called mismatched power. In this work, a switched-capacitor-inductor (SCL)-based DPP converter is presented, which mitigates the non-ideal conditions in solar PV systems. A proposed SCL-based DPP technique utilizes a simple control strategy to extract the maximum power from the partially shaded PV modules by only processing a fraction of the power. Furthermore, an operational principle and loss analysis for the proposed converter is presented. The proposed topology is examined and compared with the traditional bypass diode technique through simulations and experimental tests. The efficiency of the proposed DPP is validated by the experiment and simulation. The results demonstrate the performance in terms of higher energy yield without bypassing the low-producing PV module by using a simple control. The results indicate that achieved efficiency is higher than 98% under severe mismatch (higher than 50%).

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of the Technical and Economic Performance of Grid-Connected PV System for Selected Rooftops in UTHM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Fakrie Mohamad Ali ◽  
◽  
Mohd Noor Abdullah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Electricity Bill ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Energy Metering

This paper presents the feasibility study of the technical and economic performances of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system for selected rooftops in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The analysis of the electricity consumption and electricity bill data of UTHM campus show that the monthly electricity usage in UTHM campus is very high and expensive. The main purpose of this project is to reduce the annual electricity consumption and electricity bill of UTHM with Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme. Therefore, the grid-connected PV system has been proposed at Dewan Sultan Ibrahim (DSI), Tunku Tun Aminah Library (TTAL), Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam dan Alam Bina (FKAAS) and F2 buildings UTHM by using three types of PV modules which are mono-crystalline silicon (Mono-Si), poly-crystalline silicon (Poly-Si) and Thin-film. These three PV modules were modeled, simulated and calculated using Helioscope software with the capacity of 2,166.40kWp, 2,046.20kWp and 1,845kWp respectively for the total rooftop area of 190,302.9 ft². The economic analysis was conducted on the chosen three installed PV modules using RETScreen software. As a result, the Mono-Si showed the best PV module that can produce 2,332,327.40 kWh of PV energy, 4.4% of CO₂ reduction, 9.3 years of payback period considering 21 years of the contractual period and profit of RM4,932,274.58 for 11.7 years after payback period. Moreover, the proposed installation of 2,166.40kWp (Mono-SI PV module) can reduce the annual electricity bill and CO2 emission of 3.6% (RM421,561.93) and 4.4% (1,851.40 tCO₂) compared to the system without PV system.

scholarly journals Sustainable End of Life Management of Crystalline Silicon and Thin Film Solar Photovoltaic Waste: The Impact of Transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilke Celik ◽  
Marina Lunardi ◽  
Austen Frederickson ◽  
Richard Corkish
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
United States ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
The Impact

This work provides economic and environmental analyses of transportation-related impacts of different photovoltaic (PV) module technologies at their end-of-life (EoL) phase. Our results show that crystalline silicon (c-Si) modules are the most economical PV technology (United States Dollars (USD) 2.3 per 1 m2 PV module (or 0.87 ¢/W) for transporting in the United States for 1000 km). Furthermore, we found that the financial costs of truck transportation for PV modules for 2000 km are only slightly more than for 1000 km. CO2-eq emissions associated with transport are a significant share of the EoL impacts, and those for copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) PV modules are always higher than for c-Si and CdTe PV. Transportation associated CO2-eq emissions contribute 47%, 28%, and 40% of overall EoL impacts of c-Si, CdTe, and CIGS PV wastes, respectively. Overall, gasoline-fueled trucks have 65–95% more environmental impacts compared to alternative transportation options of the diesel and electric trains and ships. Finally, a hotspot analysis on the entire life cycle CO2-eq emissions of different PV technologies showed that the EoL phase-related emissions are more significant for thin-film PV modules compared to crystalline silicon PV technologies and, so, more environmentally friendly material recovery methods should be developed for thin film PV.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Performance of Various PV Module Technologies in Peru

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Romero-Fiances ◽  
Emilio Muñoz-Cerón ◽  
Rafael Espinoza-Paredes ◽  
Gustavo Nofuentes ◽  
Juan De la Casa
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Parameter Ranges ◽  
Pv Grid

A knowledge gap exists about the actual behavior of PV grid-connected systems (PVGCS) using various PV technologies in Peru. This paper presents the results of an over three-year-long performance evaluation of a 3.3-kWp monocrystalline silicon (sc-Si) PVGCS located in Arequipa, a 3.3-kWp sc-Si PVGCS located in Tacna, and a 3-kWp policrystalline (mc-Si) PVGCS located in Lima. An assessment of the performance of a 3.5-kWp amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon hetero-junction (a-Si/µc-Si) PVGCS during over one and a half years of being in Lima is also presented. The annual final yields obtained lie within 1770–1992 kWh/kW, 1505–1540 kWh/kW, and 736–833 kWh/kW for Arequipa, Tacna, and Lima, respectively, while the annual PV array energy yield achieved by a-Si/µc-Si is 1338 kWh/kW. The annual performance ratio stays in the vicinity of 0.83 for sc-Si in Arequipa and Tacna while this parameter ranges from 0.70 to 0.77 for mc-Si in Lima. An outstanding DC annual performance ratio of 0.97 is found for a-Si/µc-Si in the latter site. The use of sc-Si and presumably, mc-Si PV modules in desert climates, such as that of Arequipa and Tacna, is encouraged. However, sc-Si and presumably, mc-Si-technologies experience remarkable temperature and low irradiance losses in Lima. By contrast, a-Si/µc-Si PV modules perform much better in the latter site thanks to being less influenced by both temperature and low light levels.

scholarly journals Origin of Bypass Diode Fault in c-Si Photovoltaic Modules: Leakage Current under High Surrounding Temperature

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Shin ◽  
Suk Ko ◽  
Hyung Song ◽  
Young Ju ◽  
Hye Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Schottky Diode ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Reverse Voltage ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Bypass Diode ◽  
Pv Modules

Bypass diodes have been widely utilized in crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules to maximize the output of a PV module array under partially shaded conditions. A Schottky diode is used as the bypass diode in c-Si PV modules due to its low operating voltage. In this work, we systematically investigated the origin of bypass diode faults in c-Si PV modules operated outdoors. The temperature of the inner junction box where the bypass diode is installed increases as the ambient temperature increases. Its temperature rises to over 70 °C on sunny days in summer. As the temperature of the junction box increases from 25 to 70 °C, the leakage current increases up to 35 times under a reverse voltage of 15 V. As a result of the high leakage current of the bypass diode at high temperature, melt down of the junction barrier between the metal and semiconductor has been observed in damaged diodes collected from abnormally functioning PV modules. Thus, it is believed that the constant leakage current applied to the junction caused the melting of the junction, thereby resulting in a failure of both the bypass diode and the c-Si PV module.

Comparison of multi-crystalline silicon PV modules’ performance under augmented solar irradiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 1493 ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Hu ◽  
Dave Hollingshead ◽  
Mohammad A. Hossain ◽  
Mark Schuetz ◽  
Roger French
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Continuous Power ◽  
Solar Resource

ABSTRACTIn developing photovoltaic (PV) systems with reliable lifetime performances, it is critical to have quantitative knowledge of not just initial properties and performances, but also their performance over the warrantied 25 year lifetime. In 2010, the Science for Energy Technology Workshop, convened by U.S Department of Energy (DOE) Basic Energy Science, prioritized photovoltaic module lifetime and degradation science (L&DS), which serve as the basis for quantitative and mechanistic understanding of lifetime performance. In order to better understand degradation rates and mechanisms of PV systems in the real-world environment, the SDLE SunFarm at Case Western Reserve University has been created, which is a highly instrumented outdoor test facility with 148 PV modules and > 8000 samples on sun for weathering and degradation studies of materials components and systems designed for long-lived energy systems. I-V and power performance of 10 multi-crystalline silicon PV modules from different manufacturers, using baseline and continuous power monitoring and comprehensive weather and solar resource monitoring, to enable time series analysis for insights into performance characteristics and initial degradation.Five modules from each manufacturer were exposed using mirror augmentation in typical (Cleveland, OH) climatic conditions. The mirror augmentation used geometric concentration factors of 1X, 1.5X and 1.9X of the nominal 1 sun. The effect of mirror augmentation on the modules' performance is reported. A Daystar multi-tracer was used to measure I-V curves of individual modules every 15 minutes while power output under maximum power point tracking was monitored continuously. Monitoring environmental factors (wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, and humidity), solar resource, and module temperatures allow for determination of the effects of these conditions on module power production. Power data was corrected to standard test condition (STC) according to climatic and solar irradiance. Changes in fill factor, short circuit current, open circuit voltage and maximum power are reported for each module. With time series analysis, a better understanding of the module's performance over time and under environmental conditions can be developed.

Fabrication and Characteristics of Recyclable PV Modules

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Doi ◽  
Izumi Tsuda ◽  
Koichi Sakuta ◽  
Goichi Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Cell Recovery ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
Cell Modules ◽  
Weather Resistance ◽  
Resistance Tests

Since the life of crystalline silicon PV modules is mainly determined by that of the encapsulations and not of the cells, it is possible to reuse the cells, except when the cells are physically damaged. By reusing the cells, we can save the significant amount of energy consumed in the manufacture of PV cells, and reduce the total cost of PV modules as a consequence. PV cells are resources, and they should be recycled. However, it has not been easy to remove cells from modules without damaging them because of the very strong adhesiveness of EVA, the most common encapsulant resin. We propose a new PV module with a double encapsulation module (DEM) structure, in which both surfaces of the PV cells are wrapped with non-adhesive transparent films. Here, the concept of DEM is explained and detailed results from the fabrication of single-cell modules are presented. The results of PV cell recovery experiments and weather resistance tests are also shown.

scholarly journals Study on Mitigation Method of Solder Corrosion for Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Hee Kim ◽  
Jongsung Park ◽  
Donghwan Kim ◽  
Nochang Park
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Voltage Mapping ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
In Series

The corrosion of 62Sn36Pb2Ag solder connections poses serious difficulties for outdoor-exposed photovoltaic (PV) modules, as connection degradation contributes to the increase in series resistance (RS) of PV modules. In this study, we investigated a corrosion mitigation method based on the corrosion mechanism. The effect of added sacrificial metal on the reliability of PV modules was evaluated using the oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction under damp heat (DH) conditions. Experimental results after exposure to DH show that the main reason for the decrease in power was a drop in the module’s fill factor. This drop was attributed to the increase ofRS. The drop in output power of the PV module without added sacrificial metal is greater than that of the sample with sacrificial metal. Electroluminescence and current-voltage mapping analysis also show that the PV module with sacrificial metal experienced less degradation than the sample without sacrificial metal.

Thermal Patterns in PV Arrays Operating in Tropical Conditions: A Preliminary Approach

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolando Soler-Bientz ◽  
Lifter Ricalde-Cab ◽  
Inés Riech Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Research System ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Thermal Patterns

This paper presents preliminary results of a field study focused in the study of the heat patterns of a PV array in tropical conditions. The research system is comprised by four sub arrays of four mono-crystalline Silicon PV Modules. The system was installed facing to the South direction in a static configuration according to the geographical location of the study site. A set of temperature sensors were installed on the back of the PV module in order to monitor their thermal patterns on daily basics. Ambient temperature, solar radiation on the PV surface and on the horizontal surface as well as the wind speed and wind direction have been also monitored concurrently with the thermal patterns of the whole PV array under study.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Low Cost Automatic Cleaning Module for Solar PV Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 1112-1114
Keyword(s):  
Automatic System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Servo Motor ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Cleaning System ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Long Time

The Solar PV modules are usually engaged in dusty environments which are the condition in many tropical countries like India. The dirt gets hoarded on the superficial of the PV module and chunks the photons from the sun. It decreases the generation ability of the PV module. The power output decreases the efficiency, if the PV module is not cleaned for a long time. In order to habitually clean the dust, an automatic cleaning system has been proposed, which senses the light energy from the sun on the solar panel and also cleans the PV module automatically. This system is realized with PIC16F877A microcontroller which controls the geared servo motor. This system consists of a sensor (LDR) to make it dusk to dawn. While for cleaning the PV modules, a mechanism consists of a sliding wipers has been developed. In earlier machinery, cleaning of PV panels was done manually. But here the PV panels has been cleaned by automatic system i.e. wiping mechanism with water flow for effective cleaning

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