Earthquake Response Monitoring and Structural Analysis of Traditional Japanese Timber Temple

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 823-828
Author(s):  
Kaori Fujita ◽  
Eunmi Shin ◽  
Akito Ibaraki ◽  
Masashi Sanuki
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kanto Earthquake ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Temple

This paper introduces the recent attempts to clarify the seismic behavior of traditional timber architecture. The subject of the research is a timber temple, Kencho-ji, in Japan, designated as important cultural property. The temple was affected by the Great Kanto Earthquake 1923. There are two main halls in the Kencho-ji temple, and one of them collapsed while the other slightly inclined. The two main halls have similar structures, and stand next to each other. The authors have been trying to clarify the reason for the difference in the damage for the past ten years through on-sight measurement, micro tremor test, earthquake monitoring and structural analysis. As there is very few information concerning the hidden detail of the joints, recently the authors have operated X-ray inspection. The paper introduces the result of the X-ray test and the structural analysis using the result of the newly revealed hidden joint is discussed.

RNA polymerase: Preparation and structural analysis of helical polymers

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
E. Loren Buhle ◽  
Pamela Rew ◽  
Ueli Aebi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Helical Polymers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ordered Arrays ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

While DNA-dependent RNA polymerase represents one of the key enzymes involved in transcription and ultimately in gene expression in procaryotic and eucaryotic cells, little progress has been made towards elucidation of its 3-D structure at the molecular level over the past few years. This is mainly because to date no 3-D crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis have been obtained with this rather large (MW ~500 kd) multi-subunit (α2ββ'ζ). As an alternative, we have been trying to form ordered arrays of RNA polymerase from E. coli suitable for structural analysis in the electron microscope combined with image processing. Here we report about helical polymers induced from holoenzyme (α2ββ'ζ) at low ionic strength with 5-7 mM MnCl2 (see Fig. 1a). The presence of the ζ-subunit (MW 86 kd) is required to form these polymers, since the core enzyme (α2ββ') does fail to assemble into such structures under these conditions.

scholarly journals Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the structure of a historical text

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Grigory Ivanovich Gerasimov ◽  
Andrei Vladimirovich Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Methods

The subject of this research is the historical writing technique, which allows creating convincing images of the past. The goal of this article is ti analyze the structure of texts written by the historians and covering the period from antiquity to the XXI century. The theoretical framework consists of the idealistic approach towards history developed by the author. This article is first to examine the structure of texts written by the prominent historians of the past, such as Herodotus, Nestor, Karamzin, Klyuchevsky, and some historians of the XX – XX centuries from the perspective of idealistic approach and the use of quantitative methods. For comparison, analysis is conducted on the literary texts of A. S. Pushkin and V. S. Pikul dedicated to historical themes. The article employs content analysis, structural analysis, and terarchical cluster analysis of the texts on the basis of their structure. This revealed that the structure of these texts consists of the factual and theoretical statements, where the firs prevailed until the mid XX century. The use of cluster analysis allowed building a matrix of similarity of the works. The main method of creating convincing historical text lies in selection and interpretation of the the facts in accordance with the dominant worldview or a widespread historical concept. Facts are subordinated to the theory and confirm the fundamental ideas and historical concepts, as well as depict a convincing image of the past. The conducted analysis indicates that theory plays the key role in creating a convincing historical text, while facts are secondary; no significant impact of historical methods is revealed. The major difference between the analyzed historical and literary texts consists in the fact that there is no theory in the literary works.

scholarly journals Current issues of decriminalization of goods smuggling considering the nature of the criminal offense

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
A.O. Puhach ◽  
M.A. Rubashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Court ◽  
Previous Edition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Direct Target

The article is devoted to the investigation of the subject of crime under Article 201 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, its amendment and their analysis. In particular, the subject of the crime was considered in the wording of the article, which was in force until January 17, 2012, and the sanction provided for in the article for committing the crime. The principal and direct target of smuggling in the past and current versions were considered and questions were raised as to the appropriateness of locating the crime with items such as cultural property, poisonous, potent, explosive substances, radioactive materials, weapons or ammunition (except for shotguns or ammunition) , parts of firearms, special technical means of silent obtaining information among those generic object who are called to defense relationship that provides business activity. The author has demonstrated why this issue did not arise in the previous version. In addition, a comparison of the decriminalized "goods smuggling" with its current version was considered with the articles of the Customs Code, which now provide for liability for "goods" smuggling, in particular - with the sanction of the article intended for committing an offense. In order to understand why the humanization of the act committed did not take place, despite the fact that the former crime was a customs offense, the nature of the criminal offense, developed in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, whose decisions are recognized as a source of law in Ukraine, was analyzed. Particularly, attention was drawn to the Court's findings in case of Engel and Others v. The Netherlands, where the criteria for attributing the offense to criminal were elaborated. In addition, the case of Nadtochiy v. Ukraine was analyzed, in which the European Court of Human Rights founds out that the custom legislation of Ukraine contained a criminal offense by its nature It is analyzed sanction provided by the Customs Code through the prism of these criteria, it was concluded that the sanctions did not change. The author explores bill of returning goods in significant, large and particularly large amounts to the object of the Smuggling crime with the previous edition of this article, and the conclusion was drawn.

Boundary Conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sauro Succi
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

The actual dynamics of fluid flows is highly dependent on the surrounding environment, whose influence is mathematically described through the prescription of suitable boundary conditions. Boundary conditions play a crucial role, as they select solutions which are compatible with external constraints. Accounting for these constraints may be comparatively simple for idealized geometries but for general ones it represents a delicate (and sometimes nerve-probing!) task. In fact, the treatment of the boundary conditions often makes the difference in the quality of fluid dynamic simulations. This chapter illustrates the most common ways to impose boundary conditions to LB flows. The subject is very technical and has grown considerably for the past decade, which means that this chapter can only serve as a guiding introduction to the vast and still growing original literature.

scholarly journals The Temple of Besakih, Sukuh, and Cetho: The Dynamics of Cultural Heritage in the Context of Sustainable Tourism Development in Bali and Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
I Ketut Ardhana ◽  
I Ketut Setiawan ◽  
Sulanjari Sulanjari
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Hindu Temple ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Temple

Besakih is one of the biggest Hindu temple in Bali and the temple of Sukuh and Cetho are the Hindu temple that stillexisting in Central Java. These temples have their similarity and differences in the context of how to develop thesustainable tourist development in Indonesia. However, there are not many experts who understand about the culturalrelation between the temple of Besakih in Bali, Sukuh and Cetho in Central Java.This becomes important since the indigenization process that took place in the past of history in the two islands aresignificant to be understood in terms of social cultural, economic and political development in which their influencescan be seen at the modern and postmodern Balinese culture. The development of Balinese temple of Besakih can beconsidered in the 11th century, while for Sukuh and Cetho temple after the fall of Majapahit kingdom in the 15thcentury. Therefore, it can be said that Hindu did not only develop in Bali, but also in Central Java, in which thedevelopment of Hindu for the beginning already took place indeed in the 7th to 8th in the context of Hindu Mataramnamely in the era of king Sanjaya.The main questions that are need to be addressed in this paper are how was the process of the end of Majapahitculture that caused the cultural indigenization in the central Java such as shown in the temple of Sukuh and Cetho?Secondly,in which cultural context that occurred since the Javanese kingdoms did not influence the strength of theHindu culture in the later period? Thirdly, how can it be compared the similarity and the difference between theindigenization in Bali and in Central Java?and lastly how the Balinese and the Javanese interprete their own culturein terms of local wisdom? By addressing these questions, it is expected to have a better understanding on how bothcommunities can strengthen their own culture in the context of their prosperity.

scholarly journals THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I Ketut Ardhana ◽  
Sulandjari Sulandjari ◽  
I Ketut Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Hindu Temple ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Java ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Temple

Besakih is one of the biggest Hindu temple in Bali and the temple of Sukuh and Cetho are the Hindu temple that still existing in Central Java. These temples have their similarity and differences in the context of how to develop the sustainable tourist development in Indonesia. However, there are not many experts who understand about the cultural relation between the temple of Besakih in Bali, Sukuh and Cetho in Central Java. This becomes important since the indigenization process that took place in the past of history in the two islands are significant to be understood in terms of social cultural, economic and political development in which their influences can be seen at the modern and postmodern Balinese culture. The development of Balinese temple of Besakih can be considered in the 11th century, while for Sukuh and Cetho temple after the fall of Majapahit kingdom in the 15th century. Therefore, it can be said that Hindu did not only develop in Bali, but also in Central Java, in which the development of Hindu for the beginning already took place indeed in the 7th to 8th in the context of Hindu Mataram namely in the era of king Sanjaya. The main questions that are need to be addressed in this paper are how was the process of the end of Majapahit culture that caused the cultural indigenization in the central Java such as shown in the temple of Sukuh and Cetho? Secondly, in which cultural context that occurred since the Javanese kingdoms did not influence the strength of the Hindu culture in the later period? Thirdly, how can it be compared the similarity and the difference between the indigenization in Bali and in Central Java?and lastly how the Balinese and the Javanese interprete their own culture in terms of local wisdom? By addressing these questions, it is expected to have a better understanding on how both communities can strengthen their own culture in the context of their prosperity.

Treatment of Mental Excitement in Asylums

1910 ◽  
Vol 56 (235) ◽  
pp. 700-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
Good Management ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

I have been asked by the President to open a discussion on the “Treatment of Mental Excitement in Asylums.” The subject is a very important and practical one, and goes to the root of many of the most difficult problems connected with the management of the insane. Of cases of mental excitement in asylums it may be said, “they are always with us,” and the manner in which they are treated and the success attending their treatment may be taken as tests of the good management of an asylum. The difference between the state of the madhouses of the past and of the mental hospitals of the present day is largely the result of better methods of dealing with it.

Flex Life and Crystallization of Synthetic Rubber

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Ray Patterns

Abstract The crystalline structure of stretched natural rubber has been the subject of much experimental work in the past. A great deal of this has been devoted to the more theoretical aspects, such as x-ray patterns, thermal effects, and volume change. It is now known that neither Buna-N nor GR-S has a fiber diagram when stretched and that Butyl-B and Neoprene do have such patterns. Since the industry is now in the process of changing from natural rubber to GR-S, it is of interest to see just what this lack of crystallinity means from a compounding and performance standpoint. It is possible that many of our ideas based on rubber must change, that GR-S must be considered to be a new material, and that radical changes in formulation and construction must be made.

scholarly journals II. Preliminary notice of results of pendulum experiments made in India. By Lieut.-Col. Walker, F. R. S.: in a letter to the President

1867 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field Season ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

I have the pleasure to inclose a provisional abstract of the results of Capt. Basevi’s observations with his pendulums during the past field season. Though provisional, it will probably be found to agree very closely with the final results, which will be deduced as soon as the corrections for buoyancy, temperature, &c. are finally known. Already these experiments are beginning to throw light on the subject of Himalayan attraction; for the observations clearly show that the force of gravity is less than it should be theoretically at the stations in the vicinity of the Himalayas, and that the difference between theory and practice diminishes the further the station is removed from the Himalayas.

Fundamental parameters of x-ray microanalysis: A brief introduction

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Peter Duncumb
Keyword(s):  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Physical Laws

It is indeed fortunate that nature has provided us with such well-defined physical laws governing the generation of x rays and their interaction with matter. This benefit has given electron microprobe analysis two major advantages over many other techniques of analysis: it can be applied to almost all elements in the periodic table and it can be applied quantitatively. Nevertheless, we are continually striving for better and better quantitation over a wider range of conditions, and there is a corresponding pressure to improve our knowledge of the physics. The purpose of this session is to identify the fundamental parameters by which these physical laws are expressed, and to explore their relative importance in determining the accuracy of which the technique is capable.The essential link between the basic physics of microprobe analysis and its useful application is the physical model used to represent the process numerically. Many such models have been proposed in the past 40 years and these are properly the subject of a separate session on quantitative analysis.

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