Lead-Free Cu-Si-Zn Brass with Tin Addition

2013 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasiworada Puathawee ◽  
Siriporn Rojananan ◽  
Surasit Rojananan
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Content ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Tin Content ◽  
Vickers Hardness Test

In this work, lead-free silicon brass (Cu-Si-Zn) with tin addition was studied to investigate on the comparative influence of the adding and non-adding tin on the microstructures and microhardness. In order to produce new alloy compositions, varied amount of silicon (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 wt%) were incorporated. The ranges of chemical compositions were copper contents between 58.7 and 60.3 wt%, tin content 0.6 wt% and zinc remaining. The silicon brasses were prepared by melting pure elements with a graphite crucible using an induction furnace. The chemical composition of each alloy has been determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). Microstructures of the as-cast silicon brass ingots have been observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The respective chemical analysis of the phases was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and the hardness was measured by Vickers hardness test. The results revealed that the hardness of 60Cu-0.5Si-39.5Zn brass was 123.4 HV. The higher silicon content improved the higher hardness of samples. Moreover, the addition of tin together with silicon increased amount of beta (β) phase and more uniform dispersive gamma (γ) phase than those of the silicon addition alone. It could be concluded that the tin addition enhanced the hardness of lead-free Cu-Si-Zn brass and trended to be helpful for machining.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Material Properties of Ti-15mass%Nb Alloy after Gas Nitriding and Quenching Process

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Mantani ◽  
Kentaro Shimada ◽  
Naoki Eguchi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Nitriding ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Hardened Surface ◽  
Martensite Structure

The α′ martensite of Ti-15mass%Nb alloy exhibits high internal friction with high damping properties. However, its structure is smoother than the α + β structure. Therefore, a hardened surface layer is required for abrasion resistance. This study fabricated a martensite structure inside the nitriding layer by quenching, after gas nitriding at 1023 and 1223 K. Vickers hardness test, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and SEM-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) measurements from the surface to the inside were made after the heat treatment process. In addition, the Young’s modulus and internal friction were calculated from the damping analysis. The α-TiN0.3 and β phase region was formed at approximately 80 µm from the surface at 1023 and 1223 K, and it was hardened. The internal friction of the gas nitriding and quenching specimens at 1023 and 1223 K was relatively high, though it did not reach that of the as-quenched specimen owing to the influence of the surface structure. From these results, it is considered that these material property values of the alloy can be controlled using the nitriding and quenching processes.

The Microstructure of Quasicrystalline Al-Cu-Fe Alloys Doped with Tungsten

2013 ◽  
Vol 203-204 ◽  
pp. 372-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gurdziel ◽  
Jacek Krawczyk ◽  
Włodzimierz Bogdanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Icosahedral Phase ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fe Alloys ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Scanning Electron

The microstructure of Al65Cu20Fe14 (numbers indicate at.%) alloy doped with 1 at.% of W was studied. The selected alloy composition should allow to obtain the quasicrystalline icosahedral phase after solidification process. The bulk samples were obtained in two stages. At first, the synthesis of alloy through premelting of component elements in induction furnace and then, the directional solidification by the Bridgman method were performed. The morphology of selected areas of the samples were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, which was used to examine chemical compositions of each analysed areas. Additionally the X-ray powder diffraction was used to identify the phases present in the alloys. It was stated that the filaments of tungsten were present in the alloys. The filaments have thickness ranged from 0.01 to 2.5 μm. As a result of investigation, the arrangement of filaments in the material was determined.

Effect of Magnesium Content on Machinability of Cu-Zn-Bi-Sb Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 544-548
Author(s):  
Chun Lei Gan ◽  
Kai Hong Zheng ◽  
Hai Yan Wang ◽  
Nan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Phase 0 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Brass Alloys

In order to develop high-performance lead-free brasses, the effect of magnesium content on the machinability of lead-free brass alloys was carefully studied in the present work. The ingots of the Cu-Zn-Bi-Sb alloy were fabricated in terms of different magnesium contents of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 wt%. The difference in the machinability of the Cu-Zn-Bi-Sb alloy ingots was discussed in terms of their microstructure, mechanical properties and chip morphologies. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that α phase (0~38 Zn by atom %), β phase (45~49 Zn by atom %), CuMgSb and CuMgZn existed in the Cu-Zn-Bi-Sb alloys with the different magnesium contents. With increasing the content of magnesium, the machinability of the present lead-free brass alloys was markedly improved, which is mainly attributed to the formation of intermetallic compounds such as CuMgSb and CuMgZn.

Microstructure and Hardness of Cu-Zn-Si-Al-Sn Brasses with Antimony Addition

2013 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daranee Suksongkarm ◽  
Siriporn Rojananan ◽  
Surasit Rojananan
Keyword(s):  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Beta Phase ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Gamma Phase ◽  
Antimony Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scanning Electron

The objective of this work is to study the effect of antimony on as-cast microstructures and hardness of dual phase brassed. The studied compositions consisted of 56Cu-(42-X)Zn-1Si-0.5Al-0.5Sn-(X)Sb with varied antimony content in the range of 0.5-2.0 wt%. The alloys were prepared by melting pure elements using an induction furnace in graphite crucible at the temperature about 1,200 °C. The chemical composition of each alloy has been analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Microstructures of the as-cast ingots were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy including the chemical analysis of the phase determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The obtained results suggested that the microstructures of as-cast ingots exhibited the beta-gamma dual phases. The beta phase was the matrix and the gamma phase extended along the grain boundary. The increase in antimony content increased the gamma phase and enhanced the hardness. Moreover, the antimony addition 2 wt% created the intermetallic compound (IMC) phase like a needle shape. The EDS analysis of IMC displayed 12.35 wt% antimony.

Influence of the Supersaturating Temperature on the Microstructure and Hardness of Ti24Nb4Zr8Sn Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Robert Dąbrowski ◽  
Grzegorz Cios ◽  
Janusz Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Titanium Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Treatment Technologies

The results of the investigation of the supersaturation temperature - in the range 800÷1050°C - influence on changes in the microstructure and hardness of the Ti24Nb4Zr8Sn alloy. The microstructure analysis was performed by means of the light microscope Axiovert 200MAT of the Zeiss Company. At the supersaturation temperature of 950°C examinations were performed by means of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the occurring phases were identified by using X-ray phase analysis method. Tin precipitates of a high dispersion were found in the phase β matrix. Along with the decreasing cooling rate of the alloy, from a temperature of 950°C, none essential changes in the microstructure were noticed (only a small hardness decrease). Hardness measurements were carried out by means of the Vickers apparatus, type HP0 250. It was shown that within the tested supersaturation temperatures the hardness is within a narrow range 216÷246 HV, while the average diameter of a flat grain of the primary β phase increases more than twice.The obtained results will be used at elaborating ageing parameters of the Ti24Nb4Zr8Sn alloy. In future, they can be also useful at designing chemical compositions, microstructures and heat treatment technologies of new, single-phase alloys on the titanium matrix.

Glass Forming and Thermal Properties of the Mg65Cu25GD10-xNdx (x=0~10) Amorphous Alloys

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 2106-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Chang ◽  
B.C. Yang ◽  
P.T. Chiang ◽  
Jason S.C. Jang ◽  
J.C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Liquidus Temperature ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Stage Crystallization ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Supercooled Region ◽  
Vickers Hardness Test

The Mg65Cu25Gd10-xNdx (x=0 ~ 10) amorphous alloy rods with 3~6 mm in diameter were prepared by Cu-mold injection method. The thermal properties and mechanical properties of these amorphous alloys have been investigated by DSC, SEM with EDS capability, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Vickers hardness test. The XRD revealed that these entire as-quenched Mg65Cu25Gd10-xNdx alloy rods exhibit a broaden diffraction pattern of amorphous phase. A clear Tg (glass transition temperature) and supercooled region (about 30~60 K) were revealed for all of those Mg65Cu25Gd10-xNdx alloys. In addition, the single stage crystallization of the Mg65Cu25Gd10 alloy was found to change into two stages crystallization when the Nd element was added into this alloy. In parallel, the crystallization temperature (Tx) and supercooled region (Tx) presents a decreasing trend with increasing Nd content. The lowest liquidus temperature (Tl, about 721 K) occurs at the Mg65Cu25Gd8Nd2 alloy. In addition, The Mg65Cu25Gd8Nd2 alloy exhibits the high γ value (0.416, defined as γ= Tx/Tg+Tl), a relatively high Trg (0.59, defined as Trg = Tg/Tl) and the highest hardness in these alloys.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nano-Crystalline Al-Mg-Mn System

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Ebnalwaled ◽  
M. Abou Zied
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Ball Milling Technique ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Vickers Hardness Test

Nano - crystalline Al-Mg-Mn was synthesized by ball milling technique. Microstructure of these alloys has been studied from X-ray line broadening. The crystallite size of nano - crystalline Al-Mg-Mn system decreases by increasing the Mg content, While the micro-strain, median diameter,, and geometrical standard deviations,  increases by increasing the Mg content. Micro-hardness of our system has been investigated by Vickers hardness test. The hardness increases by increasing the Mg content.

scholarly journals Experimental Continuous Casting of Nitinol

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Gorazd Lojen ◽  
Aleš Stambolić ◽  
Barbara Šetina Batič ◽  
Rebeka Rudolf
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Molten Metal ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Eutectoid Decomposition ◽  
Medium Frequency ◽  
Continuously Cast

Commercially available nitinol is currently manufactured using classic casting methods that produce blocks, the processing of which is difficult and time consuming. By continuous casting, wherein molten metal solidifies directly into a semi-finished product, the casting and processing of ingots can be avoided, which saves time and expense. However, no reports on continuous casting of nitinol could be found in the literature. In this work, Φ 12 mm nitinol strands were continuously cast. Using a graphite crucible, smelting of pure Ni and Ti in a medium frequency induction furnace is difficult, because it is hard to prevent a stormy reaction between Ni and Ti and to reach a homogeneous melt without a prolonged long holding time. Using a clay-graphite crucible, the stormy reaction is easily controlled, while effective stirring assures a homogeneous melt within minutes. Strands of nearly equiatomic chemical compositions were obtained with acceptable surface quality. The microstructure of strands containing over 50 at. % Ni, consisted of Ti2Ni and cubic NiTi, whereas the microstructure of strands containing less than 50 at. % Ni consisted of TiNi3 and cubic NiTi. This is consonant with the results of some other authors, and indicates that the eutectoid decomposition NiTi → Ti2Ni + TiNi3 does not take place.

Laser Surface Melting of Ti6Al4V Alloy with Ti-BN-C Mixed Powders

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Zeng ◽  
Tomiko Yamaguchi ◽  
Kazumasa Nishio
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Surface Melting ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Laser Surface Melting ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Probe Micro Analyzer ◽  
Vickers Hardness Test

Laser surface melting was carried out on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with Ti-BN-C mixed powders. In this paper, an influence of the mole ratio of BN/ C on microstructure, chemical composition, element distribution and hardness were separately analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and Vickers hardness test (HV). The results showed that the melting layer mainly consisted of TiCxN1-x (x=0, 0.3, 0.7), TiB and Ti. The hardness was increased with improving the mole ratio of BN/C ratio.

Electron Microscopy/Diffraction Study of the Ternary Mn-Er-S System

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
A. R. Landa Canovas ◽  
L.C. Otero Diaz ◽  
T. White ◽  
B.G. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alumina Crucible ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Twin Band ◽  
Ar Gas

X-Ray diffraction revealed two intermediate phases in the system MnS+Er2S3,:MnEr2S4= MnS.Er2S3, and MnEr4S7= MnS.2Er2S3. Their structures may be described as NaCl type, chemically twinned at the unit cell level, and isostructural with CaTi2O4, and Y5S7 respectively; i.e. {l13} NaCl twin band widths are (4,4) and (4,3).The present study was to search for structurally-related (twinned B.) structures and or possible disorder, using the more sensitive and appropiate technigue of electron microscopy/diffraction.A sample with nominal composition MnEr2S4 was made by heating Mn3O4 and Er2O3 in a graphite crucible and a 5% H2S in Ar gas flow at 1500°C for 4 hours. A small amount of this material was thenannealed, in an alumina crucible, contained in sealed evacuated silica tube, for 24 days at 1100°C. Both samples were studied by X-ray powder diffraction, and in JEOL 2000 FX and 4000 EX microscopes.

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