Social Housing and Redevelopment of Building Complexes on Brownfield Sites: The Financial Sustainability of Residential Projects for Vulnerable Social Groups

2013 ◽  
Vol 869-870 ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria Guarini ◽  
Fabrizio Battisti
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Brownfield Sites ◽  
Range Of Functions

The global economic crisis has caused a sharp contraction in many Italian productive sectors, with the construction industry experiencing a decline of about 22% over the last few years (2009-2013). In the residential property market, sale prices for houses have fallen by 40% and rental prices by 30% [. Despite a greater supply of housing at lower prices, there remains a significant demand for low-cost housing from lower-middle-income families, young couples, single-parent families and from non-resident and foreign university students. This is also due to the lack of public resources to create substantial policies to support social housing construction. Social Housing (SH) programmes, with joint financial support from public and private stakeholders, are aimed at responding to the demand for accommodation for rent at social rates, for sale at concessionary prices and/or for rent (with or without redemption) at controlled rates. At the same time, especially in large cities, there is a continuing need to initiate processes for the redevelopment of numerous public and private residential building complexes in brownfield sites that have become functionally obsolete and dilapidated. The implementation of urban and building redevelopment programmes in this situation requires the definition of management models and methods for assessing the financial sustainability of such programmes. This article, based on a contextual analysis of these market segments, outlines a methodological approach, tested on a restructuring proposal for the Corviale (Rome) building-city housing development, to assess the financial sustainability of redevelopment projects on brownfield sites, providing a new range of functions that include housing, student residences and services.

scholarly journals On Transforming Unused Urban Spaces to Social Housing for Self-Employed People in Ho Chi Minh City: An Architectural Space Design Proposal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12175
Author(s):  
Le-Minh Ngo ◽  
Hai-Binh Nguyen ◽  
Thi-Phuong Uyen Nguyen ◽  
Thi-Minh Dieu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Property Market

As with many metropolitan areas, social housing (SH) provision, which can improve living standards and social welfare, is crucial for urban socio-economic development strategies in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). However, there have been issues relating to promoting social housing in the Vietnamese context resulting from the property market and the design. The former is a failure to attract investors. The latter relates to lacking housing models for the mid- and low-income communities. Currently, many low-income families who have low access to the general job market in HCMC have to make a living by running their own business at home. This situation leads to low-income housing establishments in some residential areas. Thus, the planning approach in social housing needs to solve both the demand for low-cost housing and promoting self-employed activities. In this paper, mixed methods, including observation, questionnaires, interviews, data aggregation, and comparison, were conducted with supporting legal conditions and corresponding operating conditions to propose appropriate designs for the SH for self-employed people in HCMC. First, observing and analyzing urban spaces helped identify the unused urban areas that solve the investment issue. Then, after studying the development of social housing in different contexts via the questionnaire and in-depth interviews, self-employed households’ basic information and their business needs in using SH spaces were identified in some districts. Then, based on the legal framework and practical projects, optimal space designs were formed.

scholarly journals The Role of Clinical Governance in the Health Management Systems of Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
John Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Governance ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Asean Economic Community

The health industry in Thailand is changing as a result of several important changes in society and projected future changes. These include the need for political and social reasons to extend low cost and easy access health care further to every sector of society in all regions of the country, the continuing aspiration to become an international hub for health tourism, the need to adjust to the potential flow of professionals across Southeast Asia resulting from the projected 2015 ASEAN Economic Community and the restructuring of the labour force as part of the effort to exit from the Middle Income Trap. These changes are nation-wide and require cooperation from a range of ministries, as well as requiring the support of society as a whole; that support will result from fostering of social solidarity through, in part, better explanation of why policies are changing and what the objectives will be in the short, medium and long-terms. It is, of course, essential that proper management of quality and health care within involved organizations – i.e. clinical governance – is also fostered and maintained at the highest possible level in both the public and private sectors.

South-east Asian economies risk 'middle income trap'

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Income Trap ◽  
East Asian Economies

Subject Economic development in South-east Asia and the 'middle income trap'. Significance Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam will struggle to transition to being high-value economies due to lagging structural reforms that make it difficult to compete with both low-cost and technologically advanced nations. There is evidence that Thailand and Malaysia are already in the 'middle income trap', and Vietnam may become another entrant. Impacts To compete in global markets, the five economies will need more public and private investment in innovation. Broadening industrial bases will create opportunities for technology and logistics firms, among others. Ineffective political systems and political instability could further block badly-needed structural changes.

Tenants' Satisfaction in High Residential Building

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
UMMU SHOLEHAH MOHD NOR
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Residential Living ◽  
Medium Cost

High residential living in Malaysia has not been widely given a significant emphasises in literature despite its increasing scale and significance in the real estate market. The significance of high rise is mainly due the increasing rate of migration from rural to urban. It is estimated a total of 77.2 percent of the Malaysian population lived in urban areas in 2020. Approximately, 30 percent of this urban population lives in strata housing. These percentages are predicted to continue to increase in the future. The emergence of high residential building has been argued as confronting various problems which has considerable impact on this life style. Satisfaction is an important outcome of living in one’s dwelling, although it is not the only consideration. High residential building in Malaysia encountered numerous problems in term of management aspects, legislation aspects, and residents’ satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tenants’ satisfaction living in high residential buildings in Klang Valley. The questionnaires survey is conducted amongst 276 tenants at low cost and medium cost HRB using random sampling in HRB located at areas under jurisdiction Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL), Majlis Bandaraya Subang Jaya (MBSJ), Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam (MBSA), Majlis Bandaraya Subang Jaya (MBSJ), Majlis Perbandaran Selayang (MPS) and Majlis Perbandaran Ampang Jaya (MPAJ). The result from this study shows that tenant in medium cost residential building are more satisfied in term of facilities and management as compared to tenants in low cost residential building. Tenants also not disclosed to the existing act and procedure related to high residential building. In conclusion, this study suggested the Local Authority to emphasise the role of tenant. These recommendation hopefully will increase the level of satisfaction amongst the residents in HRB.

Natural Bioactive Compounds As Adjuvant Therapy For Hepatitis C Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moema S. Santana ◽  
Rute Lopes ◽  
Isabela H. Peron ◽  
Carla R. Cruz ◽  
Ana M. M. Gaspar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Cost Of Production

Background: Hepatitis C virus infection is a significant global health burden, which causes acute or chronic hepatitis. The acute hepatitis C is generally asymptomatic and progresses to cure, while persistent infection can progress to chronic liver disease and extrahepatic manifestations. Standard treatment is expensive, poorly tolerated, and has variable sustained virologic responses amongst the different viral genotypes. New therapies involve direct acting antivirals; however, it is also very expensive and may not be accessible for all patients worldwide. In order to provide a complementary approach to the already existing therapies, natural bioactive compounds are investigated as to their several biologic activities, such as direct antiviral properties against hepatitis C, and effects on mitigating chronic progression of the disease, which includes hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities; additionally, these compounds present advantages, as chemical diversity, low cost of production and milder or inexistent side effects. Objective: To present a broad perspective on hepatitis C infection, the chronic disease, and natural compounds with promising anti-HCV activity. Methods: This review consists of a systematic review study about the natural bioactive compounds as a potential therapy for hepatitis C infection. Results: The quest for natural products have yielded compounds with biologic activity, including viral replication inhibition in vitro, demonstrating antiviral activity against hepatitis C. Conclusion: One of the greatest advantages of using natural molecules from plant extracts is the low cost of production, not requiring chemical synthesis, which can lead to less expensive therapies available to low and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Infrastructure governance in the post-networked city: State-led, high-tech sanitation in Addis Ababa’s condominium housing

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110370
Author(s):  
Liza Rose Cirolia ◽  
Tesfaye Hailu ◽  
Julia King ◽  
Nuno F da Cruz ◽  
Jo Beall
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
City State ◽  
Sanitation Systems

Ethiopia’s mass-scale subsidized housing delivery programme has driven the rapid expansion of middle-income, mid-rise settlements on the outskirts of Addis Ababa, requiring the provision of infrastructure to newly developed areas. In the case of the Kotari housing project, established sanitation systems were deemed inappropriate for the site, resulting in the deployment of novel technology, a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR). Such decentralised technologies contribute to the heterogenous infrastructure configurations which characterise Addis Ababa’s sanitation landscape, reflected not only in material configurations but also in how they are governed. In this paper, we use the concept of ‘infrastructure interfaces’ as an analytical device to identify the key material connection points in the system. Working across scales, we scrutinise the governance arrangements at these critical junctures: the household, the block, the condominium, and the city. Our analysis challenges established understandings of infrastructural heterogeneity driven by the private sector, either through financialized elite infrastructures or informal survivalist practices. In Kotari, the state is the driver and the target is the lower middle class. Centring the state in these infrastructure configurations provides nuance to our understanding of how heterogeneity emerges. Our methodological approach accounts for governance at various scales, providing fresh insights into the relationality of infrastructure, particularly the human/technology interface and infrastructural failures. The case shows the importance of transcending binary readings of infrastructure configurations, such as on/off grid, state/private and formal/informal. Future work on the post-network city must go beyond simply denigrating or valorising alternative modes of service delivery.

scholarly journals BioLPG for Clean Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa: Present and Future Feasibility of Technologies, Feedstocks, Enabling Conditions and Financing

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3916
Author(s):  
Kimball C. Chen ◽  
Matthew Leach ◽  
Mairi J. Black ◽  
Meron Tesfamichael ◽  
Francis Kemausuor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Energy supply for clean cooking is a priority for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG, i.e., propane or butane or a mixture of both) is an economically efficient, cooking energy solution used by over 2.5 billion people worldwide and scaled up in numerous low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Investigation of the technical, policy, economic and physical requirements of producing LPG from renewable feedstocks (bioLPG) finds feasibility at scale in Africa. Biogas and syngas from the circular economic repurposing of municipal solid waste and agricultural waste can be used in two groundbreaking new chemical processes (Cool LPG or Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH2)) to selectively produce bioLPG. Evidence about the nature and scale potential of bioLPG presented in this study justifies further investment in the development of bioLPG as a fuel that can make a major contribution toward enabling an SSA green economy and universal energy access. Techno-economic assessments of five potential projects from Ghana, Kenya and Rwanda illustrate what might be possible. BioLPG technology is in the early days of development, so normal technology piloting and de-risking need to be undertaken. However, fully developed bioLPG production could greatly reduce the public and private sector investment required to significantly increase SSA clean cooking capacity.

scholarly journals Characterisation of a highly potent and near pan-neutralising anti-HIV monoclonal antibody expressed in tobacco plants

Retrovirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Moore ◽  
Melanie Grandits ◽  
Clemens Grünwald-Gruber ◽  
Friedrich Altmann ◽  
Maria Kotouckova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract Background HIV remains one of the most important health issues worldwide, with almost 40 million people living with HIV. Although patients develop antibodies against the virus, its high mutation rate allows evasion of immune responses. Some patients, however, produce antibodies that are able to bind to, and neutralise different strains of HIV. One such ‘broadly neutralising’ antibody is ‘N6’. Identified in 2016, N6 can neutralise 98% of HIV-1 isolates with a median IC50 of 0.066 µg/mL. This neutralisation breadth makes N6 a very promising therapeutic candidate. Results N6 was expressed in a glycoengineered line of N. benthamiana plants (pN6) and compared to the mammalian cell-expressed equivalent (mN6). Expression at 49 mg/kg (fresh leaf tissue) was achieved in plants, although extraction and purification are more challenging than for most plant-expressed antibodies. N-glycoanalysis demonstrated the absence of xylosylation and a reduction in α(1,3)-fucosylation that are typically found in plant glycoproteins. The N6 light chain contains a potential N-glycosylation site, which was modified and displayed more α(1,3)-fucose than the heavy chain. The binding kinetics of pN6 and mN6, measured by surface plasmon resonance, were similar for HIV gp120. pN6 had a tenfold higher affinity for FcγRIIIa, which was reflected in an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay, where pN6 induced a more potent response from effector cells than that of mN6. pN6 demonstrated the same potency and breadth of neutralisation as mN6, against a panel of HIV strains. Conclusions The successful expression of N6 in tobacco supports the prospect of developing a low-cost, low-tech production platform for a monoclonal antibody cocktail to control HIV in low-to middle income countries. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Barriers to training in laparoscopic surgery in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552199818
Author(s):  
Ellen Wilkinson ◽  
Noel Aruparayil ◽  
J Gnanaraj ◽  
Julia Brown ◽  
David Jayne
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Local Access ◽  
And Training ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Laparoscopic surgery has the potential to improve care in resource-deprived low- and-middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to analyse the barriers to training in laparoscopic surgery in LMICs. Medline, Embase, Global Health and Web of Science were searched using ‘LMIC’, ‘Laparoscopy’ and ‘Training’. Two researchers screened results with mutual agreement. Included papers were in English, focused on abdominal laparoscopy and training in LMICs. PRISMA guidelines were followed; 2992 records were screened, and 86 full-text articles reviewed to give 26 key papers. Thematic grouping identified seven key barriers: funding; availability and maintenance of equipment; local access to experienced laparoscopic trainers; stakeholder dynamics; lack of knowledge on effective training curricula; surgical departmental structure and practical opportunities for trainees. In low-resource settings, technological advances may offer low-cost solutions in the successful implementation of laparoscopic training and improve access to surgical care.

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