Properties of Three Commercial Orthodontic Round Stainless Steel Wire

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Nathaphon Tangit ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Peerapong Tua-Ngam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Bending Force ◽  
Steel Wires

Objective: This study aimed to determine and compare the diameter, mechanical properties (tensile strength: flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity, 0.2% yield strength and springback: three point bending test: bending stiffness and 0.1mm. offset bending force) and chemical properties (composition and corrosion resistance) of three commercial orthodontic round stainless steel wires. Materials and Method: The samples of this study are three commercial brands of orthodontic round stainless steel wires, Highland (USA), Dentaurum (Germany) and W&H (China), 0.016 inch and 0.018 inch in size. The diameter was measured by micrometer and the mechanical properties were analyzed with tensile strength and three point bending test by Universal Testing Machine according to ISO 15841:2006. The composition was evaluated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) and the corrosion resistance was analyzed by a potentiodynamic polarization technique according to ISO 10271:2001. The data were analyzed with the Kolmoforov-Smith test, One-way ANOVA and Tukeys test. Results: There were significant differences (p<0.05) in diameter of the three commercial brands of orthodontic round stainless steel wires in both size except 0.016 in diameter between Dentaurum and Highland stainless steel wire. In terms of tensile strength, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity and springback in each variable, except W&H stainless steel wire with flexural strength in 0.016 and 0.018 wire size and springback in 0.018 wire size. However, in 0.2% yield strength, there was no significant difference in each brand and size except Dentaurum and Highland stainless steel in 0.018 wire size. For the three point bending test, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in bending stiffness and 0.1mm. offset bending force of each brand and size except 0.1mm. offset bending force between Dentaurum and Highland stainless steel in 0.016 wire size. In terms of chemical properties, there were the same elements but difference was found in percentage of each element, and W&H stainless steel had the least corrosion resistance. Conclusion: There were significant differences among three commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires in diameters, mechanical properties and chemical properties which will produce different force on each wire during tooth movement. All three brands, however, are acceptable for orthodontic use. The orthodontist should be aware of these differences in using stainless steel for orthodontic treatment.

Comparison of Properties between General Purpose Stainless Steel Wire and Commercial Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wire

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 706-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Ekkapot Sukhanun ◽  
Tunwa Intrarasuksanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Steel Wires

In Thailand, commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires are imported from overseas and expensive. However, lower cost general purpose stainless steel wires, the same type and number as commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires may be used for orthodontic purposes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of general purpose stainless steel wire compared with commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires. Materials and Method: Two commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires (Ormco and Highland) and general purpose stainless steel wire (SUS 304H) were evaluated. The physical and mechanical properties were studied according to ISO 15841:2006 and corrosion resistance was studied according to ISO 10271:2001. Surface characteristics and composition were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro analyzer, respectively. Results: The experiment indicated that SUS 304H had the diameter and mechanical properties in the range of orthodontic stainless steel wires. The surface characteristics SUS 304H were similar from observation by SEM magnifications but SUS 304H had lower corrosion resistance due to lower nickel content. The composition confirmed that the three samples wires were genuine type 304. Conclusion: SUS 304H properties are comparable to commercial orthodontic wire properties.

Bending Properties of General Purpose Stainless Steel Wire Formed for Orthodontic Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Yosdhorn Chuankrerkkul ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Theeralaksna Suddhasthira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Significant Difference

The archwire is generally used in fixed appliances for orthodontic treatment to correct dental malocclusion. However, it is interesting to know whether general purpose stainless steel wire could replace commercial orthodontic archwire in orthodontic practice for economic reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine the bending properties of general purpose stainless steel wire compared with commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires after forming as an archwire for orthodontic use. The samples used in this study were 90 general purpose and 45 commercial (Highland) round stainless steel wires in 0.016, 0.018, and 0.020 sizes (30 general purpose and 15 commercial wires for each size). All 15 general purpose stainless steel wires with different sizes were formed into orthodontic archwire with a Universal Testing Machine. All samples were tested (three-point bending test) for mechanical properties. The results showed no significant difference between general purpose and commercial orthodontic wires in size 0.016 for 0.1 mm offset bending force, 0.2% yield strength, and springback. Although many mechanical properties of general purpose wires differed from commercial wires, their values conformed to other previous studies within the range of clinical acceptance. In conclusion, orthodontic formed general purpose round stainless steel wires had statistically different (p <0.05) mechanical properties from commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires (Highland) but the mechanical properties were acceptable to use in orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Mechanical Properties (Tensile strength &Elastic Modulus) of Soldered Straight Stainless Steel Wire

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Wael A Alrazzaq
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Steel Wires

The joining of a metal framework is frequently necessary to create individual orthodontic appliances and to achieve efficient treatment procedures. Stainless steel wires can be fused together by welding but this generally required reinforcement with solder. The present study was conducted to compare and evaluate the mechanical properties ( i.e. the tensile strength and elastic modulus )of silver soldered joints of stainless steel. A total of 40 wire specimens were prepared. The tensile strength and elastic modulus tests were carried out via by universal testing machine. the results indicated that the mean tensile strength of soldered group is lower than that of soldered group. As well, there are highly significant differences between two groups for tensile strength (p<0.01). Furthermore, the soldered group has the highest mean of elastic modulus than that of control group. As well, there are highly significant differences between two groups for elastic modulus (p<0.01). It is concluded that Stainless steel wires (Remanium)have superior mechanical properties with regard to tensile strength and elastic modulus.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of orthodontic wires on ceramic brackets associated with low friction ligatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Fernando KOIKE ◽  
Hiroshi MARUO ◽  
Rogério LACERDA-SANTOS ◽  
Matheus Melo PITHON ◽  
Orlando Motohiro TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Niti Wire ◽  
Ceramic Brackets

Abstract Introduction Few studies investigated the mechanical properties of orthodontic wires on ceramic brackets associated the ligatures. Objective This study aimed to compare the load-deflection of orthodontic wires with round section of 0.016” made of stainless steel (SS), nickel-titanium (NiTi) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite (GFRPC). Material and method Sixty specimens obtained from 10 sectioned pre-contoured arches (TP Orthodontics), were divided into 3 groups of 20 according to each type of material (1 esthetic-type wire and 2 not esthetic) and length of 50 mm. The methodology consisted of a 3-point bending test using esthetic ceramic brackets (INVU, TP Orthodontics, Edgewise, 0.022”x 0.025”) as points of support. The tensile tests were performed on a mechanical test machine, at a speed of 10 mm/min, deflection of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm. Friedman’s Non Parametric Multiple comparisons test was used (P<0.05). Result The nickel-titanium wire presented smaller load/ deflection compared with stainless steel. GFRPC wires had lower strength values among all groups evaluated (P<.05). The steel wire showed permanent deformation after 3 mm deflection, NiTi wire demonstrated memory effect and the esthetic type had fractures with loss of strength. Conclusion It can be concluded that steel wires have high strength values, requiring the incorporation of loops and folds to reduce the load / deflection. NiTi and GFRPC wires produced low levels of force, however the esthetic wire was shown to fracture and break.

A Study on Mechanical Behavior of Dental Hard Tissues and Dental Restorative Materials by Three-Point Bending Test

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Chun ◽  
C. Y. Kim ◽  
J. Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Gold Alloy ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Bending Force ◽  
Dental Restorative Materials ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Dental Restorative

Dental restorative materials including amalgam, dental ceramic, gold alloy, dental resin, zirconia, and titanium alloy are used to reconstruct damaged teeth, as well as to recover their function. In this study, the mechanical properties of various dental restorative materials were determined using test specimens of identical shape and dimension under the same three-point bending test condition, and the test results were compared to enamel and dentin. The maximum bending force of enamel and dentin was 6.9 ± 2.1 N and 39.7 ± 8.3 N, and the maximum bending deflection was 0.12 ± 0.02 mm and 0.25 ± 0.03 mm, respectively. The maximum bending force of amalgam, dental ceramic, gold alloy, dental resin, zirconia, and titanium alloy were 1.9 ± 0.4 N, 2.7 ± 0.6 N, 66.9 ± 4.1 N, 2.7 ± 0.3 N, 19.0 ± 2.0 N, and 121.3 ± 6.8 N, respectively, and the maximum bending deflection was 0.20 ± 0.08 mm, 0.28 ± 0.07 mm, 2.53 ± 0.12 mm, 0.37 ± 0.05 mm, 0.39 ± 0.05 m, and 2.80 ± 0.08 mm, respectively. The dental restorative materials that possessed greater maximum bending force than that of enamel were gold alloy, zirconia, and titanium alloy. Gold alloy and titanium alloy had greater maximum bending force than dentin. The dental restorative materials that possessed greater maximum bending deflection than that of enamel were all of the dental restorative materials, and the dental restorative materials that possessed greater maximum bending deflection than that of dentin were all of the dental restorative materials except amalgam. The appropriate dental restorative materials for enamel are gold alloy and zirconia and for dentin is gold alloy concerning the maximum bending force and the maximum bending deflection. These results are expected to aid dentists in their choice of better clinical treatment and to contribute to the development of dental restorative materials that possess properties that are most similar to the mechanical properties of dental hard tissue.

UCAR 302

Alloy Digest ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Specialty Steel ◽  
Torsional Properties

Abstract UCAR 302 is a cryogenically processed stainless steel wire with the same composition as AISI Type 302. The processing gives tensile and torsional properties that are independent of wire diameter and markedly greater than those of conventional stainless steels. UCAR 302 has uniformly high properties: 290,000 psi tensile strength and 145,000 psi minimum torsional yield strength. Thus it provides greater design flexibility than conventional stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-354. Producer or source: AL Tech Specialty Steel Corporation.

scholarly journals Effect of drawing and annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 austenitic stainless steel wire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinhua Xu ◽  
Jianxin Zhu ◽  
Yong Zong ◽  
Lihua Liu ◽  
Xiaoyong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Stacking Fault ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Abstract Plastic deformation at room temperature, and the proceeding heat treatments, are important processes for optimizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel. The microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-drawn 304 austenitic stainless steel wire were investigated after annealing at 700 and 800 °C, with different times (20, 40 and 60 min) and drawing strain (0.4, 1.0 and 1.5). Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques, trans-mission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and tensile tests were performed in order to study the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during different annealing processes for the 304 austenitic stainless steel wire. The results showed that the quantity of α’ martensite and dislocations increased with an increase in the strain, which means that, while the ultimate tensile strength of the cold-drawn wires elevated, the elongation reduced. The mechanical properties of stainless steel wires also varied with the evolution of martensite transformation characteristics, density of stacking fault, dislocation and twin, as well as the recrystallization degree under various annealing conditions. The recrystalli-zation temperature of steel wire was mainly determined by the magnitude of the strain, while the martensite reversal temperature was determined by the stacking fault energy and the de-formation value. The temperature of recrystallization and martensite reverse in steel wire de-creased with the increment of the strain. The balance of tensile strength and elongation of steel wire can be obtained by adopting the proper annealing process combined with cold-drawing deformation. In this paper, we showed that a good combination of strength and elongation in 304 austenitic stainless steel can be obtained with a strain of 1.5 annealed at 800 °C for 20 min.

Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel (AISI420) Subjected to Conventional and Cryogenic Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (8A) ◽  
pp. 1096-1105
Author(s):  
Hareer S. Mohamed ◽  
Ali H. Ataiwi ◽  
Jamal J. Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Hardness Values

Martensitic Stainless Steel (AISI420) MSS are vastly used because of their properties conventional which mix good mechanical and corrosion resistance. Cryogenic up to -196°C for different soaking time and heat treatments at (1000,500,200°C) for 15 minutes is one of the ways that used to enhance mechanical properties of these steels by means transformation of retained austenite, deformation regarding martensite then carbide refinement. the result showed an increase in tensile strength of samples that were treated cryogenically and tempered at 500°C was 933 (MPa) compared to samples that just treated conventionally in austenitizing and tempering at the same temperature that was 880 (MPa). The hardness values increased considerably to 414HV and 321 HV for the specimen that tempered at 200°C and 500°C respectively, precipitation of small carbides was observed that this is responsible for the improvement in the mechanical properties of the material.

scholarly journals Influence of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of CrNi stainless steel orthodontic wires

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Clariana Hoehne Sepúlveda ◽  
Sávio Morato de Lacerda Gontijo ◽  
Leandro de Arruda Santos ◽  
Alexandre Fortes Drummond ◽  
Leonardo Foresti Soares de Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Rectangular Section ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Orthodontic Archwires

ABSTRACT Introduction: The heat treatment of stainless steel wires is a routine clinical procedure adopted by many dentists in order to relieve the stress caused after performing bends in the archwire. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of heat treatment of stainless steel archwires with a rectangular section of 0.016 x 0.022’-in. Methods: For analysis of the dimensional stability, the anterior and posterior dimensions of forty 0.016 x 0.022-in stainless steel orthodontic archwires without heat treatment and 30 days after heat treatment were evaluated. For analysis of the mechanical properties, 12 stainless steel wire segments with the same rectangular section without heat treatment and 30 days after heat treatment were tested through tensile strength and strain tests. To evaluate if there were differences between the anterior and posterior dimensions, the results were analyzed by the Student’s t-test. To compare the tensile strength and strain between the groups, the ANOVA test was used. The level of significance adopted was 95% (p< 0.05). Results: The heat treatment did not stop the expansion of archwires 30 days after their preparation, and there was no statistical difference in the tensile strength and strain tests with and without heat treatment. Conclusion: From the findings of this study, it can be conclude that the mechanical behavior of heat-treated stainless steel archwires is similar to that of archwires not subjected to heat treatment.

Screening and Evaluation of Materials for Microturbine Recuperators

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Lara-Curzio ◽  
R. Trejo ◽  
K. L. More ◽  
P. A. Maziasz ◽  
B. A. Pint
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion ◽  
Metallic Foils ◽  
Strength And Ductility

The effects of stress, temperature and exposure to microturbine exhaust gases on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of candidate materials for microturbine recuperators were investigated. Results are presented for 347 stainless steel metallic foils after 500-hr exposure to temperatures between 620°C and 760°C at a tensile stress of 50 MPa. It was found that the material experienced accelerated attack at the highest temperature and that the corrosion products consisted of mixed oxides of iron and chromium. It was also found that exposure at the highest temperatures resulted in significant decrease in both tensile strength and ductility. ORNL’s microturbine recuperator test facility, where the exposures were carried out, is also described.

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