Synthesis of Zinc Phthalocyanine and its Dimerization in DMF

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
Zhen Hua Cheng ◽  
Na Cui ◽  
Hong Xiao Zhang ◽  
Li Jun Zhu ◽  
Dao Hong Xia
Keyword(s):  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Maximum Absorption Wavelength

Zinc phthalocyanine was prepared with improved method with high yields and characterized by XRD and FT-IR analysis. The SEM analysis was also conducted to demonstrate the apparent morphology of the synthesized compound. Dimerization of the zinc phthalocyanine was measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy in N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). The red–shift of maximum absorption wavelength and deviation from Lambert-Beer law was observed with increasing the concentration.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Dimerization Behavior of Five Metallophthalocyanines in Different Solvents

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Cheng ◽  
Na Cui ◽  
Hongxiao Zhang ◽  
Lijun Zhu ◽  
Daohong Xia
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Central Metal ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Maximum Absorption Wavelength

Metallophthalocyanine (MPc) has become one of the metal organic compounds with the largest production and the most widely application, because of its excellent performance in catalytic oxidation. However, aggregation of the MPc in solution, resulting in decreased solubility, greatly limits the performance of application. Studying the behavior of dimerization of MPcs can provide a theoretical basis for solving the problem of the low solubility. So five metallophthalocyanines (FePc, CoPc, NiPc, CuPc, and ZnPc) were prepared with improved method and characterized. Dimerization of the five MPcs was measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy separately in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The red-shift of maximum absorption wavelength and deviations from Lambert-Beer law with increasing the concentration were observed for all the five MPcs. The dimerization equilibrium constants (K) of the five MPcs in DMF were arranged in order of CoPc > ZnPc > CuPc > FePc > NiPc, while in DMSO they were arranged in order of ZnPc > CoPc > FePc > CuPc > NiPc. The type of the central metal and nature of the solvent affect the dimerization of the MPcs.

scholarly journals Microwave-Promoted Synthesis of Sulfonated Metallophthalocyanines and Aggregation in Different Solvents

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Cheng ◽  
Na Cui ◽  
Shengjuan Jiang ◽  
Hongxiao Zhang ◽  
Lijun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
High Product Yield ◽  
Maximum Absorption Wavelength

Five metallosulfophthalocyanines (Fe, Ni, Zn, Co, and Cu) compounds were synthesized by microwave irradiation. Compared to the conventional method of synthesis in terms of reaction time and yields, the microwave-promoted synthesis is preferred with high product yield and short reaction time. All synthesized products were characterized with MALDI-TOF mass spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Aggregation behavior of the five metallosulfophthalocyanines (MSPc) in different solvents was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy separately in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and NaOH aqueous solution (5%wt). A redshift of maximum absorption wavelength and deviations from Lambert-Beer law with increasing the concentration were observed. The dimerization equilibrium constants (K) of the five MSPc were determined, respectively.

scholarly journals Transcrystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene/Bacterial Cellulose Hamburger Composite

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Fu-hua Lin ◽  
Xiang-yang Li ◽  
Xu-ran Ji ◽  
Si-xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is a commonly used thermoplastic polymer with many excellent properties. But high brittleness, especially at low temperatures, limits the use of iPP. The presence of transcrystallization of iPP makes it possible for fiber-reinforced iPP composites with higher strength. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a kind of cellulose with great potential to be used as a new filler to reinforce iPP due to its high crystallinity, biodegradability and efficient mechanical properties. In this study, the iPP/BC hamburger composite was prepared by a simple hot press and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used to improve the interface compatibility of iPP and BC. The polarizing microscope (POM) photograph shows that BC successfully induces the transcrystallization of iPP. The differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) date proves that the addition of BC could improve the thermal properties and crystallization rate of the composite. Especially, this change is more obvious of the iPP/MAPP/BC. The mechanical properties of the iPP/BC composites were greatly increased. This DSC date is higher than BC; we used BC particles to enhance the iPP in our previous research. The scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis intuitively shows that the interface of the iPP/MAPP/BC is more smooth and flat than the iPP/BC. The fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the iPP/BC hamburger composites was shown that a new C=O group vibration appeared at 1743 cm−1, which indicated that the hydrogen bond structure of BC molecules was weakened and some hydroxyl groups were substituted after modification which can increase the lipophilicity of BC. These results indicated that the BC fiber can easily induce the transcrystallization of iPP, which has excellent mechanical properties. Moreover, the addition of MAPP contributes greatly to the interface compatibility of iPP and BC.

Analysis on Products and Residues of Liquefaction of Wheat Straw & Polyester in Supercritical Ethanol

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Zhu Long ◽  
Yu Feng Long ◽  
Jun Jun He ◽  
Hai Bo Deng
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Supercritical Conditions ◽  
Powder Surface ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Supercritical Ethanol ◽  
Liquefaction Process

The mixture of wheat straw (WS) and polyester (PC) was liquefied in supercritical ethanol. Liquefied products produced and liquefied residue from the liquefaction under different supercritical conditions were analyzed by GC-MS, SEM and IR. GC-MS analysis of the liquefied products indicates that ethanol would decompose. And the most compounds in the liquefied product had the structure of phenol and phenol derivatives, which came from the degradation products of PC and WS. SEM analysis show that the wheat straw powder possessed larger particles with smooth surfaces while the residue from liquefaction had smaller particles with rough surfaces because of drastically degraded from the wheat straw powder surface under supercritical conditions. FT-IR analysis showed that the lignin was easily degraded during the liquefaction process, and also found to the cellulose is very difficult to liquefy for its crystalline structure.

A Facile Method for Synthesis of CdS/P(St-сo-MMA) Nanorods Composite and Characterization of its Optical Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Asghari Jila ◽  
Khoje Golshad
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Confinement Effect ◽  
Cadmium Sulphide ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Cds Nanoparticles ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mass Approximation ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Methyl Metacrylate

Composite of Cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticle on the surface of polystyrene- co- maleic anidride (St-co-MMA) were prepared via surfactant free emulsion polymerization. Methylmetacrylate (MMA) was used as auxiliary monomer which co-polymerized with styren (St) and provided the side for coordinating with Cd2+. By the coordination of Cd2+ ions to methyl metacrylate, decoration of the Cd2+ ions on the surface of copolymer were prepared successfully. With the release of S2- ions from the thioacetamide (TAA), CdS was formed on the surface of nanorods copolymer in facile method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of nanocomposite was confirmed the polymerization of monomers. Structure and morphology of CdS nanoparticles have been characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD measurements suggest the cubic structure for CdS and the particles size was estimated to about 3.35 nm by applying Scherrer’s equation. The SEM analysis confirmed the nanorode structure of CdS/ (St-co-MMA) composite. The photoluminescence (PL) and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed the quantum confinement effect in the CdS/ (St-co-MMA) nanocomposite. Using effective mass approximation (EMA) method particle sizes were calculated from the shift in optical band gap. The thermal properties of the CdS/ (MMA-co-St) were explored by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The improved thermal stability of nanocomposite was attributed to the interaction of CdS nanoparticles with polymer. The CdS/ (MMA-co-St) nanocomposite exhibited a glass transition temperature around 250◦C.

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF KANTALAUHA BHASMA BY TWO DIFFERENT METHODS AND ITS SINDOORA NIRMANA: A COMPARATIVE PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Sanoop K ◽  
B Vinayachandra Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Absorption Peak ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Modern Analytical

According to Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, Kantalauha is considered as the best variety among Lauhas for Lauha Bhasma compared with Tikshna and Munda Lauha. The present study deals with the “Preparation of Kantalauha bhasma by two different methods and its Sindoora Nirmana- A Comparative Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study. Two different Kantalauha Bhasma and their Kanta Sindoora were prepared as per classical reference and the samples were subjected to Classical and Modern Analytical Parameters, XRD, EDX, SEM, FT-IR, and NPST. Pharmaceutically Kantalauha Bhasma 1 has attained Bhasma Siddhi Lakshanas in 16 Putas and Kantalauha Bhasma 2 in 3 Putas. Both the samples of Kanta Sindoora attained Sindoora Varna by 3 Putas. SEM analysis showed that Kantalauha Bhasma 1 and Kanta Sindoora 1 attained the smallest particle size. XRD showed the presence of compound Fe2O3 in all the samples. EDAX confirmed the presence of Fe, O2, Mg, Al, Si, S, K and Ca. The FT-IR analysis of all the samples shows the presence of 10 Absorption Peak frequencies cm-1. NPST proved the fineness and proper formation of Bhasma samples. Among the two different methods of Kantalauha Bhasma preparation, the 1st method is found better in yield wise and cost-wise. The second method saved the time as it attained Bhasma Siddhi Lakshanas within 3 puts. In the case of Kanta Sindoora, yield wise both the samples were found almost the same.

scholarly journals Recycling food waste to clean water: the use of a biodigester's residual liquid inoculum (RLI) to decolourise textile azo dyes

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Maganha de Almeida ◽  
J. Backhaus ◽  
C. R. Corso
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Residual Liquid ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Dye Solutions

Abstract A residual liquid inoculum (RLI) was used to decolourise solutions of Acid Yellow 25 (AY25) and Direct Violet 51 (DV51) azo dyes. The RLI was obtained through anaerobic digestion of food waste from a university restaurant. The concentration of bacteria in the RLI was 8.45 × 107 CFU mL−1. Dye solutions (50 μg mL−1) were inoculated with the RLI (20% v/v) and incubated at room temperature. The decolourisation studies took place at microaerophilic and in-batch conditions and at pH = 2.50. Initially, the dyes were taken up from solution by biosorption; maximum colour removal was achieved after 3 hours of incubation, with 88.66% for AY25 and 77.65% of DV51. At prolonged incubation times (3–96 hours) decolourisation was mainly attributed to biodegradation of the azo solutions, with breakage of the azo bond, as detected by UV-VIS spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. Analysis of UV-VIS absorption rates of dyes showed, however, that AY25 was more readily biodegradable whereas DV51 was more recalcitrant to the action of the RLI.

Chemically Modification to Corn Stalk as a Natural Material for Oil Absorption

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Shuai Li ◽  
Ping Qu ◽  
Lu Bai ◽  
Li Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Free System ◽  
Propionic Anhydride ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Materials Used

A series of natural materials used for oil absorption based on corn stalks have been prepared by acylation grafting with propionic anhydride in a solvent-free system at 100 and 140 °C for 2-6 h. It is found that the oil (benzene) sorption capacity of the grafted corn stalks is about 8.5- 12.6g/g (in 15 minutes), and the grafted material is significantly more hydrophobic than the raw corn stalks. The grafted corn stalk float on the surface of water, as the oil, can be easily to be removed when the application is completed. Fourier infrared (FT-IR) analysis is used to confirm the chemical reaction which takes place between corn stalks and propionic anhydride. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis is used to determine the structure of the grafted corn stalk material.

Phthalocyanines with bromobenzenesulfanyl substituents at non-peripheral position: Preparation, photophysical and photochemical properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göknur Yaşa Atmaca ◽  
Hasan Yakan ◽  
Halil Kutuk ◽  
Mehmet Nebioğlu ◽  
Emre Güzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Peripheral Position ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Photochemical Properties ◽  
First Time

Electron-donating bromobenzenesulfanyl-group-substituted phthalonitrile derivative (1) and its novel non-peripherally tetra-substituted metal-free, indium and zinc phthalocyanine complexes (2–4) have been prepared for the first time. The chemical structures of this new phthalonitrile and its phthalocyanine derivatives were characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, NMR, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The introduction of this electron-donating sulfanyl type of non-peripheral substituent accounts for a remarkable red shift of the phthalocyanine Q band to approximately 730 nm. Photophysical and photochemical properties of the novel functional complexes were also examined as photosensitizers for PDT applications.

FT-IR Analysis of Molecular Structure Evolvement of Poly(Ether urethanes) in Ozone Atmosphere

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Wang ◽  
Yu Wen Liu ◽  
Ji Feng Tian ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Shi Jie Huang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Ozone Oxidation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis

The failure behavior of Poly (ether urethanes) in ozone atmosphere was investigated by FTIR, UV-Vis spectra and SEM analysis. It is found that some oxygen-containing groups such as the hydroxyl group and the carbonyl group increase first and then slightly decrease with the ozone oxidation time and the carbohydryl and ether bonds decrease slowly. After oxidation by ozone, the polyurethane molecule chains break on C-O in ether and urethane groups instead of chain crosslinking. In addition, ozone oxidization increases the color difference and lowers the UV light transparence of polyurethane.

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