Distribution Research of Survival Road for Local Retail Businesses in Relatively Backward Areas - A Case Study on Luoyang Dazhang

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 5090-5093
Author(s):  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Man Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Retail Business ◽  
Business Enterprises ◽  
The Developed Countries

Distribution of logistics plays an important role in the modern market, and the distribution of retail has its own unique characteristics and needs. The economy market of China has been developed with an amazing speed. But there are weakness and risks in the market compared with the developed countries, thus it need time and practice to increase the management level of economy market in China. Since the development of the market will bring risks and anti-changes to business, enterprises should prepared for the challenge. The paper analyzed successful cases of retail business to provide advices for retail business in backward areas to prepared for market challenge and risks in order to promote the development of local retail business in backward areas in China.

scholarly journals Urban Sprawl and its Effects on Environment and Farmland a Timisoara Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Smaranda BICA ◽  
Diana BELCI
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
East European ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
American Cities

Urban sprawl has been plaguing Western European and American cities for the last 70 years. One has fought against this phenomenon all over the world with a combination of strategic planning and urban regulations, focusing on growth management, sustainable development and preservation of farmland. East European cities, Romanian cities included, have been rapaciously consuming the free natural and agricultural land around them, without long-term development policies. The aim of this paper is analyzing urban sprawl around Timișoara and finding efficient ways of economizing urban and rural land. The article is based on several urban studies, statistical and traffic data showing the magnitude of the phenomenon and its dramatic effects on the environment.The European Union required to recent members to follow the path set by the developed countries, even if their economies have a system more or less centralized inherited from communism. It is still unclear who should be responsible for urban planning; the rules and regulations are made along the way, while the investors’ pressure is huge. Meanwhile extended rural and agricultural land might be destroyed. Most politicians do not acknowledge this problem as they approve further expansion into farmland without any previous planning. This paper might be just tackling this subject, but its target should be making urban sprawl more visible, understanding its dimension and dramatic effects around Romanian cities.

BIM Implementation Maturity Level and Proposed Approach for the Upgrade in Lithuania

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Natalija Lepkova ◽  
◽  
Rana Maya ◽  
Sonia Ahmed ◽  
Vaidotas Šarka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Aec Industry

Recently, Building information modelling (BIM) proves its capability to solve the raised AEC industry issues. Therefore, several countries and entities pursue to transform into BIM especially the developed countries. Lithuania as a European country has a great challenge to cap up with the surrounding environment to implement BIM. This study aims to determine the BIM maturity levels in Lithuania and supposed the missed steps to upgrade to the next level. Eighteen important Lithuanian construction projects awarded the most successful implementing BIM are chosen as a case study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with several BIM experts whose work at the chosen projects. The analysis conducted by the most effective theoretical model entitled BIM Maturity Matrix (BIMM). The key findings of this research that Lithuania reached the BIM implementing maturity level 2 while some projects still at level 1 that proves the ability of Lithuanian AEC industry to softly and completely transfer the maturity to level 2 by the recommendation provided through the proposed approach at the end of the paper. These results provide a stunning opportunity to improve the AEC project performance and reap the benefits of implementing BIM. Future studies can develop a framework to improve the BIM implementation in Lithuania softly.

scholarly journals Internet Marketing Communication and Schools: The Slovenian Case Study

Organizacija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Tankosić ◽  
Anita Trnavčevič
Keyword(s):  
Internet Marketing ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The Developed Countries

Internet Marketing Communication and Schools: The Slovenian Case StudyWorldwide, some 1.32 billon people now use the Internet (Internet World Stats 2007). In the developed countries the Internet is also present in educational institutions; schools use the Internet as a means of communication with their customers. In Slovenia, however, research focusing on Internet marketing communication are rare in the field of education. This paper provides the theoretical framework and the results of the qualitative case study conducted at a school centre in Slovenia in 2005. Data were collected through group interviews and document analysis. The findings support the School Centre teachers' claim that the Internet does not enable personal contacts and the sensory collection of physical evidence, which are considered to be major disadvantages of Internet marketing communication. The teachers who consider Internet marketing communication to be an advantage stress the importance of virtuality which can function as a simulation of communication in the real world. Their adversaries, on the other hand, stress the importance of the physical world and warn us of the negative sides of virtuality.

scholarly journals Case study: risk associated to wearing silver or graphene nanoparticle-coated facemasks for protection against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Estevan ◽  
Eugenio Vilanova ◽  
Miguel A. Sogorb
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Graphene Nanoparticles ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Real Scenario

AbstractThe world is living a pandemic situation derived from the worldwide spreading of SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19. Facemasks have proven to be one of the most effective prophylactic measures to avoid the infection that has made that wearing of facemasks has become mandatory in most of the developed countries. Silver and graphene nanoparticles have proven to have antimicrobial properties and are used as coating of these facemasks to increase the effectivity of the textile fibres. In the case of silver nanoparticles, we have estimated that in a real scenario the systemic (internal) exposure derived from wearing these silver nanoparticle facemasks would be between 7.0 × 10–5 and 2.8 × 10–4 mg/kg bw/day. In addition, we estimated conservative systemic no effect levels between 0.075 and 0.01 mg/kg bw/day. Therefore, we estimate that the chronic exposure to silver nanoparticles derived form facemasks wearing is safe. In the case of graphene, we detected important gaps in the database, especially regarding toxicokinetics, which prevents the derivation of a systemic no effect level. Nevertheless, the qualitative approach suggests that the risk of dermal repeated exposure to graphene is very low, or even negligible. We estimated that for both nanomaterials, the risk of skin sensitisation and genotoxicity is also negligible.

scholarly journals Internet Access on the Cheap: The Power of the Co-Op

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Gudea
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Country Case Study ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Networked Economy

Internet access in the former socialist block continues to lag behind more developed countries. Unequal access to Information Technology has produced uneven levels of participation in the networked economy and society. Internet access, which is important to maintaining a technologically competent labour force, is a staple in the developed countries. However, it continues to be limited in Romania. Would-be users are devising inventive solutions to the relatively costly access solutions in order to get on the Information Highway. A country case study of Internet access in Romania reveals the advent of self-established, co-operative networks providing shared Internet access - seemingly a unique and innovative approach. Several of the Internet access plans on the market are presented in this paper together with a discussion of cyber cafés and the home-grown, co-operative networks that seem to be popping up all over the country. Understanding the context within which these home-grown networks arise and prosper offers valuable lessons and ideas for transferring these approaches to other developing countries that, like Romania, are struggling to bridge the infamous digital divide.

scholarly journals Political Development

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
Tunku Mohar
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Development Experience ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Political Development: An Islamic Perspective is divided into two broad parts: the conceptual foundations of political development and its case stud­ies. Part One contains seven chapters that deal with the conceptual foundations of political development, thereby signifying the importance of clarifying the concept so that an Islamic alternative to political development can be found. Part Two contains three chapters, each a case study of the political development experience in Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Sudan.Khurshid Ahmad, a central figure in the London-based Islamic Foundation, provides the much-needed position from which an Islamic perspective on political development should begin. His chapter, "Islamic Approach to Development," outlines the philosophical foundations of an Islamic approach to development and the goals of a development policy.He begins by uncovering the flaws of western thinking on development, which have resulted in what he calls "de-development." The West's var­ious development strategies are actually designed so that the developed countries can exploit the developing countries. Tn terms of development's philosophical foundations, Ahmad empha ­sizes tawhid (God's unity and sovereignty), rububiyah (the divine arrangements for nourishing, sustaining, and directing things toward their perfection), khilafah (human beings' role as God's vicegerent on Earth), and tazkiyah (purification plus growth). Hence, Islam's position takes into account humanity's role vis-a-vis its Creator and fellow human beings. The objectives of development transcend this world, for they also have an eye on the Hereafter ...

scholarly journals Organizational Culture and Employees’ Performance: A Case Study of Independent General Directorate of Kochies (Nomads) in Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Mirwais Ahmadzai
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Managing Change ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cultural Strength

The aim of the study is to examine the positive relationshipbetween organizational culture and employees’ performance. The studyfurther assessed the impact of five facets of organizational culture onemployees’ job performance. The study used an adapted questionnaire forthe purpose of data collection. All the staff of the Independent GeneralDirectorate of Kochies (IGDK) at the central office was taken as thesample. The result of the Pearson correlation revealed a positiverelationship between organizational culture and employees’ jobperformance. The result of regression analysis revealed that the four facetsof organizational culture namely managing change, achieving goals,coordinating teamwork and cultural strength positively and significantlycontributed towards employees’ performance whereas the fifth facetclients’ orientation does not contribute towards employee performance. Asa majority of the available literature on the topic in hand was carried outin the developed countries, therefore, this research tried to assess it in thecontext of developing countries like Afghanistan.

Peripheral Vascular Complications in COVID-19: Bilateral and Multiple Extensive Thrombophlebitis of the Lower Limbs

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ayman Khalil ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
The Developed Countries

Background: COVID-19 infection is now a serious global pandemic (declared by WHO on 11 March 2020), inflicting significant morbidity and mortality, and the rapidly increasing numbers of the infected cases constitutes a burden on the health care system and the economy even in the developed countries. The objective of this case study is to highlight the peripheral vas-cular complications of COVID-19 as the published articles regarding this subject are scarce. Methods: It is a case report of a 41 year female patient that developed laboratory confirmed (RT-PCR) COVID-19 infection of moderate severity that needed hospitalization for 3 weeks with no need to ICU, and the patient was discharged after improvement. One month later she had peripheral vascular complications in the form of bilateral and multiple extensive thrombophlebitis of her lower limbs. Unfortunately, there was one more month lag before reaching to proper diagnosis and management and the patient was not anticoagulated during all this period since the onset of her COVID-19 infection. She was properly managed on an outpatient basis by LMWH then one of the DOACs together with Aspirin and the patient is being followed for 3 months up till now with excellent results. Conclusion: COVID-19 can cause hypercoagulability state, resulting in venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism with fatal outcome so that all patients with severe COVID-19 infection should be routinely anticoagulated. We should also be aware of the peripheral vascular complications of COVID-19 either venous or arterial not to be missed in diagnosis and should be properly managed

Analysis on CM+Partnering Composition Pattern of Engineering Project Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 475-476 ◽  
pp. 1743-1746
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Hai Ning An
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Engineering Project Management ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Management Modes ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Composition Pattern

In recent years, CM mode and Partnering mode, as two crucial project management modes, have been widely applied to the construction industry in the developed countries. However, domestic research on these new modes is still at the starting stage, lagging far behind the international advanced level. On the basis of an in-depth analysis on the concepts and features of the above two modes, this essay puts forward a new kind of project management composition pattern--CM+Partnering, aiming at drawing on each others comparative advantages. It highlights the superiority of the CM+Partnering pattern through comparing it with traditional modes. Finally it discusses the feasibility of its application in the project management with the aid of a case study. Keywords: engineering project management, At Risk CM, Partnering pattern, composition pattern

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