Influence of Friction Stir Processing Parameters on the Fabrication of SiC/316L Surface Composite

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Salekrostam ◽  
M.K. Besharati Givi ◽  
P. Asadi ◽  
P. Bahemmat
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
The Many ◽  
Welding Processes

Compared to the many fusion welding processes that are routinely used for joining stainless steel 316L, the friction stir welding (FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material that is being welded does not melt and is being recast. The welding parameters play a major role in deciding the weld quality. In this investigation an attempt has been made to understand the influences of rotational speed and traverse speed of the tool on the microstructure of the friction stir processing zone in stainless steel 316L. Five different tool rotational speeds have been used to fabricate the joints at four different traverse speeds from this investigation which is the optimum for the tool speed and higher or lower amounts of these parameters are not useful for the process.

scholarly journals Experimental Review on Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloys with Nanoparticles

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Cyril Vimalraj ◽  
Paul Kah
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Joint Properties ◽  
Weld Properties ◽  
Welding Processes

To reduce environmental impacts and ensure competitiveness, the fabrication and construction sectors focus on minimizing energy and material usage, which leads to design requirements for complex structures by joining of similar and dissimilar materials. Meeting these industrial demands requires compatible materials with improved properties such as good weight-to-strength ratios, where aluminum (Al) and its alloys are competing candidates for various complex applications. However, joining Al with fusion welding processes leads to joint deterioration. Friction stir welding (FSW) produces joints at temperatures below the melting temperature, thus avoiding flaws associated with high heat input, yet requires improvement in the resultant joint properties. Recent studies have shown that nanoparticle reinforcement in FSW joints can improve weld properties. The main focus of this study is to critically review similar and dissimilar friction stir welding of AA5083 and AA6082 with carbide and oxide nanoparticle reinforcement. The study also discusses the effect of welding parameters on reinforcement particles and the effect of nanoparticle reinforcement on weld microstructure and properties, as well as development trends using nanoparticles in FSW. Analysis shows that friction stir welding parameters have a significant influence on the dispersion of the reinforcement nanoparticles, which contributes to determining the joint properties. Moreover, the distributed nanoparticles aid in grain refinement and improve joint properties. The type, amount and size of reinforcement nanoparticles together with the welding parameters significantly influence the joint properties and microstructures in similar and dissimilar Al welds. However, research is still required to determine the strengthening mechanism used by nanoparticles and to assess other nanoparticle additions in FSW of Al alloys.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA6060-T6 Tubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 554-557 ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca D'Urso ◽  
Michela Longo ◽  
Claudio Giardini
Keyword(s):  
Welding Process ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Weld Quality ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Aluminum Tubes ◽  
Welding Processes

Friction stir welding (FSW) has received increasing attention in recent years thanks to its advantages over traditional welding processes, reducing distortion and eliminating solidification defects. Since melting does not take place and joining occurs below the melting temperature of the material, this welding process allows to obtain a weld characterized by very high quality with low heat input, minimal distortion, no filler material, and no fumes. FSW is also highly efficient and it is characterized by improved environmental performance if compared to traditional welding methods. For instance, FSW is particularly advantageous in the pipeline industry because this innovative welding process usually entails reduction in energy usage of up to 80% if compared to conventional fusion welding processes. Moreover, also alloys normally difficult to be welded can be considered with this technique. The objective of the present study is to establish and to study the weldability of aluminum tubes by means of FSW process. The study shows preliminary results on circumferential FSW of AA6060-T6 aluminum tubes and the influence of the welding process on weld quality. The experimental campaign was performed on tubes having a thickness equal to 5 mm and an external diameter equal to 80 mm. Tubes were welded by means of a four axes CNC machine tool. Particular care was paid to the fabrication of the inner support for the tube. The mandrel was designed in order to guarantee limited bending during the welding process. Some preliminary tests were carried out by varying the welding parameters, namely feed rate (f) and rotational speed (S). A tool having conical shoulder and cylindrical pin was used. The weld quality investigation was based on tensile tests, microhardness and macrostructure analysis of the joints.

Microstructural characterization and in-process traverse force during friction stir welding of austenitic stainless steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1043
Author(s):  
Arshad Noor Siddiquee ◽  
Sunil Pandey ◽  
Mustufa Haider Abidi ◽  
Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari ◽  
Noor Zaman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Aisi 304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tool Shoulder ◽  
Shoulder Diameter

Welding AISI 304 stainless steel is challenging, especially as fusion-based welding processes (such as arc welding) severely undermine the material's corrosion resistance due to sensitization. Solid-state friction stir welding is one of the most suitable alternatives. Friction stir welding of high-strength high-softening materials such as AISI 304 is difficult mainly because of the non-availability of affordable tools and tool life. In this study, AISI 304 stainless steel was successfully butt-welded by friction stir welding. The experiments were performed using Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array. Shoulder diameter, tool r/min, and traverse speed were selected as the most influential welding parameters. A Tungsten Carbide (WC) tool was employed with a tapered pin profile. Defect-free joints were fabricated successfully for all the welding conditions. Microstructural examinations using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed significant grain refinement in the stir zone and the presence of distinct structural features such as stepped, dual, and ditch in various characteristics zones. The presence of precipitates was also observed in samples and was confirmed via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The in-process traverse force was measured by a special arrangement of force measuring units attached to the work fixture. The traverse force data were analyzed and optimized. The results of an analysis of variance reveal that the traverse speed was the most important parameter, followed by tool r/min, interaction between the tool shoulder diameter and traverse speed, interaction between the tool shoulder diameter and tool r/min, and, finally, the tool r/min.

Effect of Rotating Tool Geometry on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Alloy 2195

2018 ◽  
Vol 783 ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
Ho Sung Lee ◽  
Jong Hoon Yoon ◽  
Joon Tae Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Welding Processes

It is known that Al-Li alloys show high specific strength and have been used in space vehicles with Friction stir welding (FSW). FSW has many advantages including the absence of porosity, low distortion and reduced residual stresses which are typical defects of the fusion welding processes. The process uses a rotating tool with a profiled pin that penetrates the parts to be welded. The tool starts to travel along the welding line and the softened material due to the frictional heat is stirred and mechanically mixed together by the rotating pin forming a weld in solid state without melting. Welding parameters such as tool rotational speed, travelling speed, and tool geometry are the main parameters which affect the material flow and the heat generation rate. The important tool geometry includes pin size and shape, pin tread and pitch, tool materials, and shoulder size and shape. The present work is to study the effect of tool geometry on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum alloy 2195. Five different tool profiles have been used to investigate the effects of tool geometry on mechanical properties. The experimental results show that aluminum alloy 2195-T8 can be welded using FSW process with maximum welding efficiency of 75% using threaded cylindrical with concave shoulder at rotation speed, 600 RPM and welding speed, 300 mm/min.

scholarly journals Effects of the Processing Parameters of Friction Stir Processing on the Microstructure, Hardness and Tribological Properties of SnSbCu Bearing Alloy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5826
Author(s):  
Beata Leszczyńska-Madej ◽  
Marcin Madej ◽  
Joanna Hrabia-Wiśnios ◽  
Aleksandra Węglowska
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bearing Alloy ◽  
The Impact

In the study, the friction stir processing (FSP) method was used to modify the surface layer of a tin-based bearing alloy. The modification was aimed at extending the service life of bearings by improving their tribological properties. The results of investigations of the microstructure, hardness and tribological properties of the SnSbCu bearing alloy after FSP using various rotational speeds of the tool—280, 355, 450 and 560 RPM—and the constant traverse speed of 355 mm/min are presented. Particular attention was paid to the possibility of changing the morphology of the precipitates present in the alloy, and to the impact of this parameter on improvement of the tribological properties. The research carried out in this paper covered investigations of the microstructure using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with analysis of the chemical composition in micro-areas and Brinell hardness tests. Additionally, the sizes of the SnSb and CuSn precipitates present in the microstructure before and after the modification process were determined, as were the tribological properties under technically dry friction conditions and lubrication with TU 32 oil. It was proven that using friction stir processing favors refinement of the microstructure and improves the tribological properties of the analyzed alloy.

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel 316 L via Friction Stir Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Salekrostam ◽  
M.K. Besharati Givi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Sheet Metals ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
State Process ◽  
Stainless Steel 316

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid state process to modify microstructure and mechanical properties of sheet metals and as-cast materials. In this process stirring action of the tool causes the material to intense plastic deformation that yields a dynamical recrystalyzation. In this study the effect of FSP and process parameters on hardness, and microstructure of stainless steel 316L has been investigated. Also by using of FSP, a composite layer of 316L/SiC has been produced. Results show that FSP leads to a finer and homogenized grain structure, as well as increased hardness, strength, toughness, and elongation at failure of the material. The composites produced by FSP have a uniform distribution of SiC particles between the grains of the base metal.

Investigation of the effect of friction stir processing parameters on temperature and forces of Al–Si aluminum alloys

2015 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Akbari ◽  
Abolfazl Khalkhali ◽  
Seyyed Mohammad Ebrahim Keshavarz ◽  
Ehsan Sarikhani
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
History Of

Temperature and forces in friction stir processing (FSP) induced by process input parameters play a critical role in successful welding. In this investigation, the effect of the process parameters on the axial and longitudinal forces and temperature history of the process were investigated. The temperature distribution during the FSP was determined by placing thermocouples in the workpiece and measuring the temperature during the process. The tool forces were investigated experimentally using an especially designed load measuring system. The pin shape, rotational speed and traverse speed were the parameters taken into consideration. It was observed that increase in tool traverse speed or decrease in rotational speed leads to increase in both tool axial and longitudinal forces.

Effect of Processing Parameters on Thermo-Mechanically Affected Zone of Friction Stir Processed AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Taherishargh ◽  
N. Parvin ◽  
P. Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Az91 Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Az91 Magnesium

AZ91 Magnesium alloy was subjected to friction stir processing (FSP). The microstructural analyses of the friction stir processed (FSPed) specimens were carried out and the effects of pass number, rotational speed, and traverse speed upon thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) were investigated. The TMAZ is consisted of a region with highly elongated grains and a partially recrystalized zone. Decreasing the rotational speed and increasing the traverse speed increased the thickness of recrystallized zone; while, the thickness of the other zone decreased. On the other hand, it lessened the gradient of the grain size from the stir zone (SZ) to the base metal. Applying several FSP passes, lead to more homogeneous TMAZ structure with the finer grain size.

scholarly journals Effect of Skewness during Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys EN AA 5083-H116 and EN AA 6082-T6 Including Fracture Observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1896-1900
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Radiographic Inspection ◽  
Tool Pin ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Solid State Joining

The corrosive resistant aluminium-magnesium alloy AA 5083-H116 and aluminium-silicon alloy AA 6082-T6 is widely used in ship building, marine and various structural applications. FSW is an emerging solid state joining process suitable for joining the aluminium alloys with minimized formation of weld defects like cracks, porosity etc. compared to other fusion welding processes. This research work presents FSW of EN AA 5083-H116 and EN AA 6082-T6 using skew tool pin profile with the consideration of influential process parameters like tool rotational speed of 710 and 900 rpm at constant traverse speed of 16 mm/min. Radiographic inspection has been performed for evaluating the weldments soundness. From the radiographic results it has been found that at higher rpm i.e at 900 rpm the occurrence of lack of fusion is more compared to the weldment fabricated at 710 rpm. Tensile properties and fractural observations were carried out on the weldments. It has been noted that good mechanical properties were observed with the weldment fabricated at 710 rpm with high tensile strength of 160 MPa. From the fractural observations it has been observed that all the specimens are prone to ductile fracture, besides shear lips were observed at specimens fabricated at 900 rpm.

Effect of Processing Parameters on Superplastic and Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Processed

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 965-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Burgueño ◽  
T. Dieguez ◽  
H. Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Major Development

Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a variant of Friction Stir Welding, and can be used to modify the materials microstructure to functionalize it. Superplastic forming is a technological process used to produce components with very complex shapes. In the last two decades it has been a topic of major development. In Fine Structure Superplasticity (FSSP), the initial grain size exerts a strong influence on the superplastic strain rate and temperatures. Refining grain size (GS) the parameters (temperature and strain rate) of superplastic forming could be optimized. Thermal stability is also an important factor to obtain superplasticity. FSP is used to refine GS, but the optimum processing parameters are still under study over different materials. Corrosion resistance can be affected by FSP too, but the information about it is scarce. In the present study, 7075-T651 aluminium alloy was friction stir processed under different conditions in order to improve superplastic behavior. Tool profile, rotation rate and traverse speed were analyzed. Microstructures with <4 μm grain size were obtained. The maximum superplastic elongations, in a range of 740 to 900%, at 400°C were obtained at 1x10-2s-1strain rate. The results were discussed in terms of constitutive equations and microstructure evolution. Localized corrosion potentials were obtained. Localized corrosion resistance was affected by friction stir processing.

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