Synthesis and Characterization of SnS Nanoparticles through a Non-Aqueous Chemical Route for Depositing Photovoltaic Absorber Layers

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mou Pal ◽  
A. Martinez Ayala ◽  
N.R. Mathews ◽  
X. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates

SnS nanocrystals of sub-10 nm in size were synthesized by a room temperature, non-aqueous chemical route in the presence of different amounts of triethanolamine (TEA) used as a complexing agent. The crystallinity, size, morphology, chemical composition and optical properties of the as-prepared SnS nanoparticles were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), micro Raman and optical absorption spectroscopy. The XRD analysis and HRTEM investigation of SnS nanoparticles confirmed the presence of crystalline orthorhombic SnS phase. Upon increasing the amount of TEA, the crystallite size of the samples decreased gradually showing evidence of quantum confinement. EDS analysis showed that SnS nanoparticles (NPs) grown in absence of TEA were highly stoichiometric whereas in TEA capped samples, the atomic concentration of S is slightly higher than that of Sn. As-synthesized SnS nanocrystals displayed strong absorption in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions followed by a blue shift of their absorption edge on increasing the TEA concentration. These nanoparticles were used to prepare SnS paste which was deposited on conducting glass substrates to obtain thin films for photovoltaic applications. The crystallinity, morphology, chemical composition and optical properties of annealed SnS films were investigated.

scholarly journals Growth of Polycrystalline In2S3 Thin Films by Chemical Bath Deposition Using Acetic Acid as a Complexing Agent for Solar Cell Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Gopinath ◽  
K. T. Ramakrishna Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Solar Cell Application ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates

In2S3 films have been successfully deposited on Corning glass substrates via chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using acetic acid as a novel complexing agent. The layers were grown by employing synthesis using indium sulphate and thioacetamide (TA) as precursors by varying TA concentration in the range of 0.1–0.5 M, keeping other deposition parameters constant. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) revealed an increase of S/In ratio in the films with the increase of TA concentration in the solution. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated a change in preferred orientation from (311) plane related to cubic structure to the (103) direction corresponding to the tetragonal crystal structure. The evaluated crystallite size varied in the range of 15–25 nm with the increase of TA concentration. Morphological analysis showed that the granular structure and the granular density decrease with the raise of TA concentration. The optical properties of the layers were also investigated using UV-Vis-NIR analysis, which indicated that all the In2S3 films had the optical transmittance >60% in the visible region, and the evaluated energy band varied in the range of 2.87–3.32 eV with the change of TA concentration. Further, a thin film heterojunction solar cell was fabricated using a novel absorber layer, SnS, with In2S3 as a buffer. The unoptimized SnS/In2S3/ZnO:Al solar cell showed a conversion efficiency of 0.6%.

Effect of Second Complexing Agent of N2H4 on the Optical and Structural Properties of ZnS Thin Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Huan Ke ◽  
Shu Wang Duo ◽  
Ting Zhi Liu ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yan Fei
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sphalerite Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Zns Films

ZnS films have been deposited on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD). The optical and structural properties were analyzed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the prepared thin films from the solution using N2H4 as second complexing agent were thicker than those from the solution without adding N2H4 in; this is due to using second complexing agent of N2H4, the deposition mechanisms change which is conductive to heterogeneous deposition. When using N2H4 as second complexing agent, the crystallinity of ZnS thin films improved with a significant peak at 2θ=28.96°which can be assigned to the (111) reflection of the sphalerite structure. The transmittances of the prepared films from the solution adding N2H4 in as second complexing agent were over 85%, compared to those from the solution without N2H4 (over 95%). The band gaps of the ZnS films from the solution using N2H4 as second complexing agent were larger (about 4.0eV) than that from those from the solution without N2H4 (about 3.98eV), which indicated that the prepared ZnS films from the solution adding N2H4 in as second complexing agent were better used as buffer layer of solar cells with adequate optical properties. In short, using N2H4 as second complexing agent, can greatly improve the optical and structural properties of the ZnS thin films.

Preparation and Optical Properties of Spherical Bi2S3 Nanoparticles by In Situ Thermal Sulfuration Method

NANO ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhankui Cui ◽  
Senlin Li ◽  
Junqiang Zhou ◽  
Jianli Zhang ◽  
Suxiang Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quantum Size ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Uv Visible

Spherical Bi 2 S 3 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a facile in situ thermal sulfuration method. Different Bi 2 S 3 samples were obtained by controlling the sulfuration time. The products were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) methods. The optical properties were examined by UV-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis–NIR) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The results show that the phase of the products after sulfuration is pure and the spherical shape of Bi NPs has been successfully transmitted to Bi 2 S 3 samples. The light absorption edges exhibit red shift to 1060 nm while the light emission displays blue shift to 868 nm, compared with the energy bandgap of bulk Bi 2 S 3. The reason for the special optical properties of Bi 2 S 3 NPs by this in situ sulfuration route is considered to associate with the defects and quantum size effect of NPs.

Self-Organized CdSSe Quantum Dots Thin Films

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Chaure ◽  
N. B. Chaure ◽  
R. K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Self Organized

Self-organized and strained CdSSe quantum dot (Q-dot) thin films have been grown on ITO-coated glass substrates bynovel wet chemical route. The Q-dots are (002) oriented faceted pyramids with average particle size of 7.5 nm. The X-ray diffraction results reveal the formation of a solid solution of CdSSe. Atomic force microscopy is used to investigate the morphology of the nanocrystalline thin films. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis spectrum confirms the presence of Cd, S, and Se in the films. Optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra show the blue shift for quantum dot thin films.

Deposition time dependent study of structural and optical properties of PbS thin films grown by CBD method

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minakshi Chaudhary ◽  
Yogesh Hase ◽  
Ashwini Punde ◽  
Pratibha Shinde ◽  
Ashish Waghmare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Cbd Method

: Thin films of PbS were prepared onto glass substrates by using a simple and cost effective CBD method. Influence of deposition time on structural, morphology and optical properties have been investigated systematically. The XRD analysis revealed that PbS films are polycrystalline with preferred orientation in (200) direction. Enhancement in crystallinity and PbS crystallite size has been observed with increase in deposition time. Formation of single phase PbS thin films has been further confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The surface morphology analysis revealed the formation of prismatic and pebble-like PbS particles and with increase in deposition time these PbS particles are separated from each other without secondary growth. The data obtained from the EDX spectra shows the formation of high-quality but slightly sulfur rich PbS thin films over the entire range of deposition time studied. All films show increase in absorption with increase in deposition time and a strong absorption in the visible and sub-band gap regime of NIR range of the spectrum with red shift in band edge. The optical band gap shows decreasing trend, as deposition time increases but it is higher than the band gap of bulk PbS.

The Structural, Magnetic and Optical Properties of Ni-Mg-Zn Ferrite Prepared With Different Complexing Agents via Sol-Gel Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchun Zhang ◽  
Aimin Sun ◽  
Zhaxi Suonan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Zn Ferrite ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Abstract Different complexing agents were used to prepare Ni-Mg-Zn ferrite with the composition formula Ni0.2Mg0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4 via sol-gel method, which included citric acid, oxalic acid, egg white and EDTA. The Ni0.2Mg0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4 ferrite with no complexing agent was also prepared as a comparison. The chemical phases of samples were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), which indicated that samples had spinel phase structure. The lattice constants of samples are in the range of 8.3980 ~ 8.4089 Å. The composition and structure were further studied by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). There were two typical characteristic bands related to the stretching vibrations of spinel ferrite in FTIR spectra. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed that the particles have the shape of spherical cube. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyzed the elements and ingredients of samples, which included Ni, Mg, Zn, Fe and O. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to examine further the elemental composition and chemical state of sample prepared with EDTA as complexing agent. The optical properties of samples were investigated by photoluminescence spectra and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to characterize magnetic properties, hysteresis loops revealed the ferrimagnetism behavior of prepared samples.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Trivalent al Substituted Zinc Ferrite using Ethylene Diamine (EDA) as Ligand

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Ferrite ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Phase Transition Zone

Nano domain Al substituted Zinc ferrite was prepared by chemical route using Ethylene Diamine as ligand. High purity precursors nitrate salts of Zinc, Fe(3+), Al(3+) were utilized along with citric acid which acts as both fuel and complexing agent. Two different molar ratios of Zn(2+):(Fe3+):Al(3+) is 1:1.5:0.5 and 1:1.25:0.75. After ensuring proper mix of the solution Ethylene diamine was added dropwise to form a gel like mass with proper pH control. Before annealing, thermal analysis was carried to determine the crystallization/phase transition zone. Drying was carried in several stages. Initially, gel like mass was obtained after drying at 40°C while pH was about 7. Drying of gel was carried in oil bath at about 90°C and powdered mass obtained was grinded followed by auto combustion at 150°C for 60 minutes before annealing at 150°C, 350°C, 650°C, 950°C for 2 hours to ensure the phase formation. Crystallite size, lattice strain and lattice parameters were studied from XRD analysis. 

scholarly journals Innovative Strategy for Counterfeit Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. maapoc.0000013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Dégardin ◽  
Yves Roggo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Counterfeit Medicine ◽  
Analytical Tools

Currently, counterfeit medicine is a significant issue for the pharmaceutical world, and it targets all types of therapeutic areas. The health consequences are appalling, since counterfeit medicines can contain impurities and the wrong chemical composition, and can be manufactured and/or stored in dreadful conditions. The provision of fast and reliable analytical tools can contribute to an efficient fight against this phenomenon. In this paper, an analytical strategy based on mobile and forensic laboratories is presented. The mobile equipment, composed of handheld x-ray fluorescence, Raman, infrared, and near-infrared spectrometers, and a handheld microscope, can be used as a first screening tool to detect counterfeits. The counterfeits can then be confirmed in a forensic-dedicated lab in which the chemical composition of the counterfeits is determined to evaluate the danger encountered by the patients. Relevant links with former counterfeit cases then can be revealed based on the analytical data, and can be interpreted from a forensic intelligence perspective in order to provide additional information for law enforcement.

Optical Properties of Thin Films of Haycockite

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (37) ◽  
pp. 2023-2033
Author(s):  
Barys Korzun ◽  
Marin Rusu ◽  
Thomas Dittrich ◽  
Anatoly Galyas ◽  
Andrey Gavrilenko
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Band ◽  
Surface Photovoltage ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Energy Band Gap ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Evaporation Technique

ABSTRACTThin films of haycockite Cu4Fe5S8 on glass substrates were deposited by flash evaporation technique from powders of this compound. The composition of thin films correspond to the atomic content of Cu, Fe, and S of 24.13, 27.90, and 47.97 at.% with the Cu/ Fe and S/ (Cu + Fe) atomic ratios of 0.87 and 0.92 respectively, whereas the corresponding theoretical values for this material amount to 0.80 and 0.89. The as-prepared thin films of haycockite consist of a set of separate fractions of approximately identical areas of about 400 - 600 μm2. It can be assumed that this structure evolved during cooling down of thin films since it completely covers the surface of thin films. A small inclusion of a second phase with the chemical composition close to talnakhite Cu9Fe8S16 is also observed. Haycockite Cu4Fe5S8 is found to be a direct gap semiconductor with the energy band gap Eg equal to 1.26 eV as determined using both transmission and surface photovoltage methods.

Influence of Deposition Time and Source-Substrate Distance on Properties of CdTe Thin Films Using Close-Spaced Sublimation at Higher Source Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 325-327
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Dai ◽  
Cheng Wu Shi ◽  
Yan Ru Zhang ◽  
Min Yao
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Source Temperature ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Substrate Distance ◽  
Cdte Thin Films

In this paper, CdTe thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates using CdTe powder as a source by close-spaced sublimation at higher source temperature of 700°C. The influence of the deposition time and the source-substrate distance on the chemical composition, crystal phase, surface morphology and optical band gap of CdTe thin films was systemically investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared absorption spectra, respectively. At the deposition time of 60 min and the source-substrate distance of 5 mm, the CdTe thin films had pyramid appearance with the grain size of 15 μm.

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