Effect of Water Temperature, pH Value, and Film Thickness on the Wettability Behaviour of Copper Surfaces Coated with Copper Using EB-PVD Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 124-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Ali ◽  
Joao Amaral Teixeira ◽  
Abdulmajid Addali

This research investigates the effect of surface roughness, water temperature, and pH value on the wettability behaviour of copper surfaces. An electron beam physical vapour deposition technique was used to fabricate 25, 50, and 75 nm thin films of copper on the surface of copper substrates. Surface topographical analysis, of the uncoated and coated samples, was performed using an atomic force microscopy device to observe the changes in surface microstructure. A goniometer device was then employed to examine the surface wettability of the samples by obtaining the static contact angle between the liquid and the attached surface using the sessile drops technique. Waters of pH 4, 7, and 9 were employed as the contact angle testing fluids at a set of fixed temperatures that ranged from 20°C to 60°C. It was found that increasing the deposited film thickness reduces the surface roughness of the as-prepared copper surfaces and thus causing the surface wettability to diverge from its initial hydrophobic nature towards the hydrophilic behaviour region. A similar divergence behaviour was seen with the rise in temperature of water of pH 4, and 9. In contrast, the water of pH 7, when tested on the uncoated surface, ceased to reach a contact angle below 90o. It is believed that the observed changes in surface wettability behaviour is directly linked to the liquid temperature, pH value, surface roughness, along with the Hofmeister effect between the water and the surface in contact.

1994 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Wang ◽  
W.C. Shih ◽  
R.E. Somekh ◽  
J.E. Evetts ◽  
D. Jackson

AbstractWe report the results of a study of IR emissivity of aluminium films as a function of impurity level, film thickness and sputtering conditions. Preliminary work suggests that for a given level of film impurities and deposition conditions, the JJR emissivity can be minimized with a certain film thickness. The influence of impurity level, film thickness, and sputter pressure on IR emissivity has been correlated with the resistivity and the surface roughness (measured by atomic force microscopy). The results are discussed in the general context of the Drude theory with allowances for the observed roughness.


Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Cisse ◽  
Sarah Oakes ◽  
Shreen Sachdev ◽  
Marc Toro ◽  
Shin Lutondo ◽  
...  

Polyethersulfone (PES) films are widely employed in the construction of membranes where there is a desire to make the surface more hydrophilic. Therefore, UV photo-oxidation was studied in order to oxidize the surface of PES and increase hydrophilicity. UV photo-oxidation using low pressure mercury lamps emitting both 253.7 and 184.9 nm radiation were compared with only 253.7 nm photons. The modified surfaces were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. Both sets of lamps gave similar results, showing an increase of the oxygen concentration up to a saturation level of ca. 29 at.% and a decrease in the WCA, i.e., an increase in hydrophilicity, down to ca. 40°. XPS detected a decrease of sp2 C-C aromatic group bonding and an increase in the formation of C-O, C=O, O=C-O, O=C-OH, O-(C=O)-O, and sulphonate and sulphate moieties. Since little change in surface roughness was observed by AFM, the oxidation of the surface caused the increase in hydrophilicity.


2003 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Jordan ◽  
Eric D. Carlson ◽  
Todd R. Johnson ◽  
Sigurd Wagner

AbstractThe structure of germanium thin films prepared on glass by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crystallinity, surface roughness, and grain size were measured as functions of film thickness and deposition temperature. Grain nucleation was apparent for films as thin as 10 nm. Over the thickness range studied, grain size increased with film thickness, whereas average surface roughness started to increase with film thickness, but then remained fairly constant at approximately 1 nm for a film thickness greater than 25 nm.


2014 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Naiman Sarip ◽  
Rozana Mohd Dahan ◽  
Yap Seong Ling ◽  
Mohamad Hafiz Mohd Wahid ◽  
Adillah Nurashikin Arshad ◽  
...  

This study investigates the plasma surface modified spin coated PVDF-TrFE (70/30) film of 200nm thick using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface of the spin coated PVDF-TrFE film were modified using 13.56 MHz rf Argon plasma. The exposure time of the charged particle on PVDF-TrFE films were varied for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9mins. Prior to modification, the average surface roughness observed was 3.5nm. However upon modification, the surface roughness was increased to 9.5nm. The contact angle of the surface modified film was reduced from 89° to 58°. The increase in surface roughness and wettability of the modified film provided good biocompatibility. This finding created great interest in developing functional polymer suitable for applications in areas such are biomedical, bio-analytical assays, textile and even food industry.


2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozana Mohd Dahan ◽  
Muhamad Naiman Sarip ◽  
Yap Seong Ling ◽  
Mohamad Hafiz Mohd Wahid ◽  
Adillah Nurashikin Arshad ◽  
...  

This study investigates the surface properties of plasma surface modified spin coated PVDF-TrFE (70/30) film using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Water Contact Angle (WCA) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The surfaces of the spin coated PVDF-TrFE film were modified using 13.56 MHz rf Argon plasma. The exposure time of the charged particle PVDF-TrFE films were varied for 1, 3 and 5mins. Prior to modification, the average surface roughness obtained was 8.615nm, but upon modification, the surface roughness was found to increase to 12.466nm. The value of the contact angle of the modified film was reduced from 90o to 43o and the XPS analysis showed dehydrofluorination of PVDF-TrFE films surfaces. The improved in surface roughness and the increased in wettability of the modified film, resulted in good biocompatibility of the modified PVDF-TrFE thin films. This phenomenon has created interest in researchers for developing functional polymer used for applications in areas such are biomedical, bio-analytical assays, textile and even food industry.


Author(s):  
H. Kinney ◽  
M.L. Occelli ◽  
S.A.C. Gould

For this study we have used a contact mode atomic force microscope (AFM) to study to topography of fluidized cracking catalysts (FCC), before and after contamination with 5% vanadium. We selected the AFM because of its ability to well characterize the surface roughness of materials down to the atomic level. It is believed that the cracking in the FCCs occurs mainly on the catalysts top 10-15 μm suggesting that the surface corrugation could play a key role in the FCCs microactivity properties. To test this hypothesis, we chose vanadium as a contaminate because this metal is capable of irreversibly destroying the FCC crystallinity as well as it microporous structure. In addition, we wanted to examine the extent to which steaming affects the vanadium contaminated FCC. Using the AFM, we measured the surface roughness of FCCs, before and after contamination and after steaming.We obtained our FCC (GRZ-1) from Davison. The FCC is generated so that it contains and estimated 35% rare earth exchaged zeolite Y, 50% kaolin and 15% binder.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. A. Gabriele ◽  
Craig J. Williams ◽  
Douglas Stauffer ◽  
Brian Derby ◽  
Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza

<div> <div> <div> <p>Single crystals of aspirin form I were cleaved and indented on their dominant face. Upon inspection, it was possible to observe strongly anisotropic shallow lateral cracks due to the extreme low surface roughness after cleavage. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging showed spalling fractures nucleating from the indent corners, forming terraces with a height of one or two interplanar spacings d100. The formation of such spalling fractures in aspirin was rationalised using basic calculations of attachment energies, showing how (100) layers are poorly bonded when compared to their relatively higher intralayer bonding. An attempt at explaining the preferential propagation of these fractures along the [010] direction is discussed. </p> </div> </div> </div>


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. A. Gabriele ◽  
Craig J. Williams ◽  
Douglas Stauffer ◽  
Brian Derby ◽  
Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza

<div> <div> <div> <p>Single crystals of aspirin form I were cleaved and indented on their dominant face. Upon inspection, it was possible to observe strongly anisotropic shallow lateral cracks due to the extreme low surface roughness after cleavage. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging showed spalling fractures nucleating from the indent corners, forming terraces with a height of one or two interplanar spacings d100. The formation of such spalling fractures in aspirin was rationalised using basic calculations of attachment energies, showing how (100) layers are poorly bonded when compared to their relatively higher intralayer bonding. An attempt at explaining the preferential propagation of these fractures along the [010] direction is discussed. </p> </div> </div> </div>


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Maria Vardaki ◽  
Aida Pantazi ◽  
Ioana Demetrescu ◽  
Marius Enachescu

In this work we present the results of a functional properties assessment via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based surface morphology, surface roughness, nano-scratch tests and adhesion force maps of TiZr-based nanotubular structures. The nanostructures have been electrochemically prepared in a glycerin + 15 vol.% H2O + 0.2 M NH4F electrolyte. The AFM topography images confirmed the successful preparation of the nanotubular coatings. The Root Mean Square (RMS) and average (Ra) roughness parameters increased after anodizing, while the mean adhesion force value decreased. The prepared nanocoatings exhibited a smaller mean scratch hardness value compared to the un-coated TiZr. However, the mean hardness (H) values of the coatings highlight their potential in having reliable mechanical resistances, which along with the significant increase of the surface roughness parameters, which could help in improving the osseointegration, and also with the important decrease of the mean adhesion force, which could lead to a reduction in bacterial adhesion, are providing the nanostructures with a great potential to be used as a better alternative for Ti implants in dentistry.


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