Study of YSZ Amperometric Oxygen Sensor with a Dense Barrier Layer

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Shi ◽  
Yue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
New Type ◽  
And Diffusion

A new type of amperometric oxygen sensor was developed by an approach of co-pressing and co-sintering YSZ solid electrolyte. A dense LSM+YSZ composite electrode which was used as both cathode and diffusion barrier. Pre-sintered composite and YSZ powders were dry-pressed together to form a sheet with dual-layer of LSM+YSZ/YSZ. The sheet was then sintered at 1450°C. The anode was made of Pt paste, which was printed on to the other side of YSZ. The experiment results showed that the oxygen sensor exhibited a quite low operating temperature. At 400°C, the limiting current appeared in the voltage from 0.7 to 1.2V and the limiting current was a good linear relationship with the oxygen concentration up to 10 %. The sensor has some excellent features such as a rapid response, no reference gas, simple configuration and low cost. Taken together with the chemical stability of the diffusion barrier, the sensor is suitable for the control of air-to-fuel ratio in lean-burn internal combustion engines.

Limiting Current Oxygen Sensors with LSF as Dense Diffusion Barrier

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 417-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wang ◽  
Fu Shen Li ◽  
Hui Zhu Zhou ◽  
Hui Xia ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
New Type ◽  
Ion Conducting

A new type of limiting current oxygen sensor which uses yttria (8%mol) stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as oxygen ion conducting solid electrolytes and dense La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 (LSF) as diffusion barrier was developed successfully. The oxygen sensor shows excellent performance at oxygen concentrations range of from 0 to 21%. The advantages of the sensor are simple construction, low cost and potential long term stability.

The Research about La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 Application as Dense Diffusion Barrier in Limiting Current Oxygen Sensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Yin Lin Wu ◽  
Hai Yan Zhao ◽  
Fu Shen Li
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Ion Conducting

The fabrication and operation of a new thick film type of limiting current oxygen sensor is demonstrated that utilizes yttria (8% mol) stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as oxygen ion conducting solid electrolytes and dense La0.8Sr0.2CoO3(LSC) as diffusion barrier. The oxygen sensor shows a near linear response between 0 to 10.5% O2in argon at 1023K. The advantages of the sensor are simple construction, low cost and potential long term stability.

Limiting Current Oxygen Sensors with LSM as Dense Diffusion Barrier

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
Yin Lin Wu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Fu Shen Li ◽  
Yan Qin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Ion Conducting

A thick film type of limiting current oxygen sensor which uses yttria (8% mol) stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as oxygen ion conducting solid electrolytes and dense La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) as diffusion barrier was developed successfully. The oxygen sensor showed excellent performance at oxygen concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 ppm. The advantages of the sensor are simple construction, low cost and potential long term stability.

A phenomenological model for the description of unburned hydrocarbons emission in ultra-lean engines

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110050
Author(s):  
Enrica Malfi ◽  
Vincenzo De Bellis ◽  
Fabio Bozza ◽  
Alberto Cafari ◽  
Gennaro Caputo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Fuel Charge ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Model Reliability

The adoption of lean-burn concepts for internal combustion engines working with a homogenous air/fuel charge is under development as a path to simultaneously improve thermal efficiency, fuel consumption, nitric oxides, and carbon monoxide emissions. This technology may lead to a relevant emission of unburned hydrocarbons (uHC) compared to a stoichiometric engine. The uHC sources are various and the relative importance varies according to fuel characteristics, engine operating point, and some geometrical details of the combustion chamber. This concern becomes even more relevant in the case of engines supplied with natural gas since the methane has a global warming potential much greater than the other major pollutant emissions. In this work, a simulation model describing the main mechanisms for uHC formation is proposed. The model describes uHC production from crevices and flame wall quenching, also considering the post-oxidation. The uHC model is implemented in commercial software (GT-Power) under the form of “user routine”. It is validated with reference to two large bore engines, whose bores are 31 and 46 cm (engines named accordingly W31 and W46). Both engines are fueled with natural gas and operated with lean mixtures (λ > 2), but with different ignition modalities (pre-chamber device or dual fuel mode). The engines under study are preliminarily schematized in the 1D simulation tool. The consistency of 1D engine schematizations is verified against the experimental data of BMEP, air flow rate, and turbocharger rotational speed over a load sweep. Then, the uHC model is validated against the engine-out measurements. The averaged uHC predictions highlight an average error of 7% and 10 % for W31 and W46 engines, respectively. The uHC model reliability is evidenced by the lack of need for a case-dependent adjustment of its tuning constants, also in presence of relevant variations of both engine load and ring pack design.

LO.CO.MO.DIA: Low Cost Monitoring for Diagnostic Purposes of a Small Scale CHP Plant

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fantozzi ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Data Acquisition Board ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
Maintenance Personnel

Abstract Small scale Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) powered Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants are economically convenient when availability and efficiencies are above specified limits. Nevertheless these plants are often run without a monitoring device capable of data storing and trending and of performance evaluation. This paper describes the setting up of a powerful low-cost monitoring system for the CHP plant that powers the School of Engineering of the University of Perugia. Data acquisition is performed by interfacing a Personal Computer (PC) to existing control panels via, serial port, and to a data acquisition board for those variables that are not measured by existing devices. Performance indexes are then calculated via software. Alarms and controls are stored as well to set up a database for diagnostic purposes. The monitoring itself has already shown its troubleshooting capability in interface to maintenance personnel: history trending of variables speeds up the phase of failure identification because it eliminates those possibilities that are negated by cross referencing values of different variables.

Low-cost process for emission abatement of biogas internal combustion engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 1079-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dobslaw ◽  
Karl-Heinrich Engesser ◽  
Hans Störk ◽  
Thomas Gerl
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Emission Abatement

Analysis of Current Hybrid-Electric Automobile Drivetrains and Proposal of an Alternative Powertrain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ahn ◽  
Thomas S. Welles ◽  
Benjamin Akih-Kumgeh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Hybrid Configuration

Abstract Byproducts of fossil fuel combustion contribute to negative changes in the global climate. Specifically, emissions from automobiles are a major source of greenhouse gas pollution. Efforts to minimize these harmful emissions have led to the development and sustained improvement of hybrid drivetrains in automobiles. Despite many advancements, however, hybrid systems still face substantial challenges which bear on their practicality, performance, and competitive disadvantage in view of the low cost of today’s traditional internal combustion engines. These imperfections notwithstanding, hybrid electric vehicles have the potential to play significant roles in the future as cleaner transportation solutions. Actualization of this potential will depend on the ability of hybrid-electric vehicles to minimize their disadvantages while increasing their positive features relative to traditional combustion engines. This research investigates current hybrid electric architectures in automobiles with the aim of suggesting an alternative, more efficient hybrid configuration that utilizes current technology. This is completed by utilizing an iterative design process to compare how various components of existing hybrids can be combined and/or improved to develop a single, efficient and cohesive system that performs comparably to or surpasses existing ones in fuel efficiency and low emissions in all driving conditions. A critical and comparative analysis is provided based on current hybrid-electric vehicle architectures as well as a plausible alternative.

Oxygen Sensor Testing for Automotive Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Dragos Tutunea ◽  
Ilie Dumitru ◽  
Oana Victoria Oţăt ◽  
Laurentiu Racila ◽  
Ionuţ Daniel Geonea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Oxygen Sensors ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Automotive Applications ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Experimental Stand ◽  
Residual Oxygen ◽  
Sensor Degradation

During the operation of internal combustion engines the air-fuel ratio (A/F) is an important parameter which affects fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The automotive oxygen sensor (Lambda) measures the quantity of residual oxygen in the combustion gases. Sensor degradation in time due to the exposure to high temperatures causes a distortion in controlling the A/F with the increase in gas emissions. In this paper an experimental stand is designed to test oxygen sensor degradation in laboratory condition. Four oxygen sensors were tested function of temperature and time recording their variation in resistance and voltage. The results showed similar values in the curves for all sensors tested.

H2S and CO2 Filtration of Biogas Used in Internal Combustion Engines for Power Generation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Ignacio Huertas Cardozo ◽  
Sebastia´n Izquierdo Cifuentes
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Fixed Amount

Currently, there is an increasing interest in connecting thousands of small electrical plants powered by renewable energy sources to national electrical grids. The use of biogas as fuel for internal combustion engines connected to an electric generator is emerging as one of the most attractive alternatives because of its very low cost benefit ratio and very high positive impact on the environment. However, the use of biogas to generate electricity has been limited by its high content of H2S (1800–3500 ppm) and CO2 (∼40%). CO2 presence reduces the energetic density of the fuel and therefore the power output of the system. The high content of H2S corrodes important components of the engine like the combustion chamber, bronze gears and the exhaust system. This work aims to design and manufacture a low-cost industrial filter for this application. Among the different available methodologies, CaO, NaOH and amines where selected as the most appropriate for a typical farm application of 100 kW electric generations. Since there is not reported data for the H2S absorbing capacity of these substances, it was proposed to measure it by means of a bubbler. It is an experimental set up where the gas stream passes through a fixed amount of the absorbing substance until it becomes saturated. The absorbing capacity is determined as the amount of substance being trapped divided by the mass of the absorbing substance being used. Results showed an absorbing capacity of 2.8, 41.4 and 124.8 g of H2S per Kg of NaOH, CaO and monoethanolamine respectively. A gas absorbing system of amines was designed and manufactured for H2S and CO2 biogas filtration. Three different types of amines were evaluated: Monoethanolamine, Diethanolamine, and methyldiethanolamine. Results show that all the amines require a ratio of amines to biogas flow of 0.7 to obtain a 95% of H2S filtering efficiency. This data represent only a 30% of H2S mass transfer efficiency of the filter when it is compared against the mass transfer expected under quasi equilibrium conditions. Work is under way to design a high efficiency amine column for biogas treatment.

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