Variation of Ultimate Concrete Strain at RC Columns Subjected to Axial Loads with Bi-Directional Eccentricities

2007 ◽  
Vol 348-349 ◽  
pp. 617-620
Author(s):  
S.H. Yoo ◽  
S.W. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Bending Moment ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Axial Loads ◽  
Biaxial Bending ◽  
Moment Capacity ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Distribution Of Stress ◽  
Ultimate Concrete Strain

The distribution of stress in a nonrectangular compressed area, such as a section under a biaxial moment, is different than that of a rectangular compressed area. The properties of the compressive stress distribution of concrete have only a minor effect on the pure bending moment capacity of reinforced concrete beams, but they are important influencing factors for columns subjected to a combined axial load and a biaxial bending moment. The variation of ultimate strain of concrete according to the angle and depth of a neutral axis was investigated. Thus, the modified rectangular stress block (MRSB) model for nonrectangular compressed areas is formulated and compared to the experimental results and the existing RSB model. The MRSB method is able to provide more accurate predictions of test results for the biaxial bending moment strength than the RSB method.

scholarly journals Influence of stirrup spacing on shear resistance and deformation of reinforced concrete beams

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Latha M S ◽  
Revanasiddappa M ◽  
Naveen Kumar B M
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Reinforced Cement ◽  
Flexural Reinforcement

An experimental investigation was carried out to study shear carrying capacity and ultimate flexural moment of reinforced cement concrete beam. Two series of simply supported beams were prepared by varying diameter and spacing of shear and flexural reinforcement. Beams of cross section 230 mm X 300 mm and length of 2000 mm. During testing, maximum load, first crack load, deflection of beams were recorded. Test results indicated that decreasing shear spacing and decreasing its diameter resulted in decrease in deflection of beam and increase in bending moment and shear force of beam.

Sustained Load Cracking Resistance of Grade 23/29 Titanium GTA-Welded Pipe Joints

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Leonard ◽  
Ronald W. Schutz ◽  
Richard L. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Sustained Load ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Minimal Data ◽  
Pipe Joints ◽  
Welded Pipe ◽  
A Minor

Grade 23 and/or 29 titanium alloy pipe and forgings are typically butt-welded together in the fabrication of offshore riser components such as tapered stress joints (TSJs) for top-tensioned risers and as hang-offs for dynamic catenary risers. Although Grade 29 titanium base metal in a relevant wrought/forged product form has already been evaluated in regards to sustained-load cracking (SLC) resistance, minimal data is available to ensure that the SLC resistance of typical GTA butt-welded joints in these thicker-wall titanium alloy components will also meet design requirements. As part of a TSJ production weld qualification, conservative fracture-mechanics based SLC tests were conducted at room temperature on 1G-position machine GTA butt-welded Grade 23 titanium pipe utilizing Grade 29 titanium filler metal. Test results revealed no significant SLC susceptibility in the weld and a minor effect in HAZ metal, producing KSLC values similar to KQ values. These values safely meet typical TSJ fracture mechanics requirements, and are consistent with published SLC information on this alloy system.

scholarly journals Experimental and Analytical Study of Horizontally Curved I-Girders Subjected to Equal End Moments

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Jeonghyeon Lim ◽  
Young-Jong Kang ◽  
Jeonghwa Lee ◽  
Seungjun Kim ◽  
Keesei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ultimate State ◽  
Moment Capacity ◽  
Horizontally Curved ◽  
Stiffness Reduction ◽  
Interaction Curves ◽  
Good Agreement

If bending and torsional moments are applied to an I-shaped beam member, the coupling of those two forces could reduce the bending moment capacity of that member. Therefore, the interaction between bending and torsional moments is an important issue for horizontally curved members that are always simultaneously subjected to bending and torsion. In this study, the behavior of the horizontally curved steel I-beam was investigated through numerical analysis. The ultimate state of sharply curved members that showed large displacement was defined in accordance with the stiffness reduction ratio to consist of strength curves. Based on the analysis results, interaction curves were established, and a strength equation was derived. The uniform torsional moment capacity, curvature, and slenderness parameters were considered in the equation, which were the main factors that affected the ultimate strength of curved members. The curvature effect was considered individually, so that the strength of the straight or curved girder could be estimated with a unified equation. To verify the accuracy of the suggested equation, experimental studies were also conducted. Consequently, the suggested equation shows very good agreement with the test results, and is expected to provide useful information for the design of curved members.

Analysis and Design of Beams Reinforced with Steel Fiber and Composite Plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2A) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Mereen H. Fahmi Rasheed ◽  
Ayad Z. Saber Agha
Keyword(s):  
Bending Moment ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Shear Strengthening ◽  
Moment Capacity ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
The Moment

The addition of epoxy bending plate to the tension and compression faces or web is an effective technique for flexural or shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams, also using of steel fibers with concrete improves the structural behavior and increases the moment capacity and shear resistance of the beams. General equations are derived for predicting the bending moment capacity, maximum and balancing reinforcement ratio the equivalent depth of the compression zone for singly and doubly reinforced rectangular sections and T-beams. The results indicate that bending moment capacity increased in beams with steel fibers and composite plates, while the maximum balancing reinforcement ratios are decreased.

Tests on hollow structural section beam columns

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Unnikrishna Pillai ◽  
V. J. Kurian
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Strength Criterion ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Biaxial Bending ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Beam Columns ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Hollow Structural Section

Modified interaction equations have already been proposed for the ultimate strength design of square hollow structural section columns subject to biaxial bending. The Canadian Standard S16.1-1974 permits the use of these equations for class 1 and class 2 square hollow structural section beam columns. Results of a test programme undertaken to verify experimentally the validity of these equations are presented in this paper. Tests were conducted under various combinations of axial compression and biaxial bending moment. From the test results it is concluded that the proposed interaction equations give a safe and satisfactory strength criterion for the limit states design of class 1 and class 2 square hollow structural section beam columns.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Internal Mounting Forces and Strength of Newly Designed Fastener to Joints Wood and Wood-Based Panels

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7119
Author(s):  
Łukasz Krzyżaniak ◽  
Tolga Kuşkun ◽  
Ali Kasal ◽  
Jerzy Smardzewski
Keyword(s):  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Moment Capacity ◽  
Fagus Silvatica ◽  
3D Printed

This study aimed to numerically and experimentally analyze the effects of internal mounting forces and selected materials on the stiffness and bending moment capacity of L-type corner joints connected with novelty-designed 3D printed fasteners. The experiments were carried out using medium-density fiberboard, high-density fiberboard, beech plywood, particleboard, and beech (Fagus silvatica L.) wood. The results showed that the joints made of beech wood were characterized by the largest bending moment capacity (12.34 Nm), while the worst properties were shown by particleboard (2.18 Nm). The highest stiffness was demonstrated by plywood joints (6.56 kNm/rad), and the lowest by particleboard (0.42 kNm/rad). Experimental studies have reasonably verified the results of numerical calculations. The test results confirmed that the geometry of new fasteners promotes the mounting forces under the assembly of the joints. It was shown that the higher the density of the materials, the greater the value of the mounting forces (164 N–189 N).

scholarly journals Influence of the reinforcement corrosion on the bending moment capacity of reinforced concrete beams: a structural reliability approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-413
Author(s):  
E. A. P. Liberati ◽  
E. D. Leonel ◽  
C. G. Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Chloride Diffusion ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Moment Capacity ◽  
Major Factors

Reinforced concrete structures are, certainly, one of the most used types of structure around world. When it is located in non-aggressive environments, it respects, in general, the structural life predicted. Unless the structure be used improperly. However, the durability of these structures is strongly connected to degradation processes whose origin is environmental and/or functional. Among these processes, it is worth to mention those related to corrosion of reinforcements. The reinforcement's corrosion is directly related to the durability and safety of concrete structures. Moreover, the chlorides diffusion is recognized as one of major factors that triggers the corrosion. Therefore, at modelling accurately the chloride diffusion, the corrosion of reinforcements can be better evaluated. Consequently, design criteria can be more realistically proposed in order to assure safety and economy into reinforced concrete structures. Due to the inherent randomness present on chloride diffusion and corrosion, these phenomena can only be properly modelled considering probabilistic approaches. In this paper, the durability of a beam designed using the criteria proposed by ABNT NBR 6118:2003 [1] is assessed using probabilistic approaches. The corrosion time initiation is determined using Fick's diffusion law whereas Faraday's corrosion laws are adopted to model the steel loss. The probability of structural failure is determined using Monte Carlo simulation. The mentioned beam is analysed considering different failure scenarios in order to study the influence of water/cement ratio and environmental aggressiveness on the probability of failure. Based on these results, some remarks are performed considering NBR recommendations and the real probability of failure.

A Simplified Method for the Analysis of Hybrid Steel and FRP RC Beams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Al-Thairy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Rc Beams ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Strain Compatibility ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Force Equilibrium

This paper suggests and validates a simplified analytical method for the analysis of hybrid steel and FRP reinforced concrete beams. The proposed method determines the flexural strength of the concrete beams based on strain compatibility and force equilibrium of the beam section under pure bending moment. The suggested method was validated against different experimental test results with very reasonable agreement. Afterward, the validated method was used to conduct parametric study to investigate the effect of two important parameters on the response and failure modes of hybrid steel and FRP RC beams. The proposed method can be implemented in the analysis and design of hybrid reinforced concrete beams with different reinforcement materials.

Improvement of monitoring of tertiary filtration with particle counting

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
V. Miska ◽  
J.H.J.M. van der Graaf ◽  
J. de Koning
Keyword(s):  
Particle Surface ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Volume ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Particle Counting ◽  
Total Particle ◽  
Particle Counts ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Sample Dilution

Nowadays filtration processes are still monitored with conventional analyses like turbidity measurements and, in case of flocculation–filtration, with phosphorus analyses. Turbidity measurements have the disadvantage that breakthrough of small flocs cannot be displayed, because of the blindness regarding changes in the mass distributions. Additional particle volume distributions calculated from particle size distributions (PSDs) would provide a better assessment of filtration performance. Lab-scale experiments have been executed on a flocculation–filtration column fed with effluent from WWTP Beverwijk in The Netherlands. Besides particle counting at various sampling points, the effect of sample dilution on the accuracy of PSD measurements has been reflected. It was found that the dilution has a minor effect on PSD of low turbidity samples such as process filtrate. The correlation between total particle counts, total particle volume (TPV) and total particle surface is not high but is at least better for diluted measurements of particles in the range 2–10 μm. Furthermore, possible relations between floc-bound phosphorus and TPV removal had been investigated. A good correlation coefficient is found for TPV removal versus floc-bound phosphorus removal for the experiments with polyaluminiumchloride and the experiments with single denitrifying and blank filtration.

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