Novel Approaches for Processing of Multi-Channels NDT Signals for Damage Detection in Conveyor Belts with Steel Cords

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 978-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Blazej ◽  
Leszek Jurdziak ◽  
Radoslaw Zimroz
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Steel Cords ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Belt Conveyors

Belt conveyors are one of the most popular methods of material transport in many branches of industry, especially in mining. The average length of mining belt conveyor is about 1000 m. Taking into account that total length of transportation ways in averaged mine can approach several dozen of kilometers and network of several conveyors may cover large area, maintenance of such specific transportation system is very difficult. In this work we propose an automatic multi-channel system for data acquisition and processing for damage detection in belts. Belts with steel cords are considered here, they consist of top and bottom rubber covers and steel cords in between them. Due to many reasons (mainly sharpness of transported materials) covers may be damaged and it may initiate degradation process or straight damages in steel cords. Properties of steel cords are therefore crucial for overall strength of belts, if they are damaged, it may cause catastrophic failure of the whole conveyor. So, monitoring of belts conditions is a crucial issue. We proposed a monitoring system that measure and process data from array of magnetic sensors. The system allows to acquire up to 24 channels of NDT signals and uses automatic algorithms to process them in order to get information about begin of the belt loop, location of joints of particular belt segments and the final location and size of damages related to corrosion or cuts of steel cords inside belts. These techniques will be presented in the paper. Our approach has been validated in a lignite mine for several conveyor belts.

scholarly journals Application of Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network for Damage Detection of Conveyor Belt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7282
Author(s):  
Mengchao Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Manshan Zhou ◽  
Kai Jiang ◽  
Hao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Speed ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Belt Conveyors

Aiming at the problem that mining conveyor belts are easily damaged under severe working conditions, the paper proposed a deep learning-based conveyor belt damage detection method. To further explore the possibility of the application of lightweight CNNs in the detection of conveyor belt damage, the paper deeply integrates the MobileNet and Yolov4 network to achieve the lightweight of Yolov4, and performs a test on the exiting conveyor belt damage dataset containing 3000 images. The test results show that the lightweight network can effectively detect the damage of the conveyor belt, with the fastest test speed 70.26 FPS, and the highest test accuracy 93.22%. Compared with the original Yolov4, the accuracy increased by 3.5% with the speed increased by 188%. By comparing other existing detection methods, the strong generalization ability of the model is verified, which provides technical support and empirical reference for the visual monitoring and intelligent development of belt conveyors.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Eco-Friendly Technology for Splicing Steel Cord Conveyor Belts

2014 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Hardygora ◽  
Miroslaw Bajda ◽  
Ryszard Blazej
Keyword(s):  
Open Pit ◽  
Mining Institute ◽  
Lignite Mine ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Steel Cords ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Steel Cord ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Strength And Durability

A new eco-friendly method of splicing steel cord conveyor belts without the use of noxious materials has been developed by the Mining Institute at Wrocław University of Technology in collaboration with the Bełchatów Lignite Mine – the two leaders in implementing state-of-the-art and environment friendly technologies in mining in Poland [1,2,3]. Polish lignite mines use belts with steel cords. Such belts are spliced through high temperature vulcanization, which is not safe for the environment and has an adverse impact on human health. Strength and durability are the two main properties of belt splices, having a bearing on the failure-free operation of the belt conveyors used for the haulage of stripped rock or muck in open pit mines [4,5,6]. This means that properly made steel cord belt splices should have the strength and durability parameters similar to the ones of the belt without splices. Many factors contribute to the quality of the splice, including the ones connected with the splicing technology, workmanship and with the fact that splices are made directly on conveyors in heavy mine conditions.

scholarly journals 30. Fireball radiants of the 1st–15th centuries

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 308-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Astapović ◽  
A. K. Terenteva
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Ecliptic Plane ◽  
Meteor Shower ◽  
The South ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Retrograde Motion ◽  
Julian Calendar ◽  
The North

The works of E. Biot, published by the Institut National de France in 1848, made it possible to study material recorded in volumes 191 and 192 of the well-known 13th-century Encyclopaedia of Ma Touan-lin as well as records from other sources. They contain observational data of 24 centuries (especially from the 11th century) on more than 1500 fireballs, with descriptions of their positions with respect to the stars as well as descriptions of their physical, kinematic and other properties. The observation dates of the lunar calendar have been converted by Biot into dates of the Julian Calendar.We have been able to process data on 1220 fireballs. As a result of this radiants were obtained for 153 meteor showers, seven of which belong to great showers. Out of the remaining 146 radiants of the minor showers, 80 radiants are more certain than the remainder.The radiants were deduced from observations on dates recorded in short intervals from several years to several decades. First the dates of visibility were obtained along with the activity and radiants of great showers which are still active. In the Leonid shower, with retrograde motion, a shift of visibility dates to a much later period has been noted corresponding to a forward motion of the orbit's node, whereas a retrograde motion of the node is observed in the Quadrantids (i < 90°). In the Lyrids and Perseids, whose orbits are nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, the nodes experienced no perturbations, and the visibility epochs for the showers remained the same during a period of 1000 years and longer. The motion of apsides resulted in a shift of the radiant; the increase of the ecliptical latitude indicated secular augmentation of the orbit's inclination (Geminids, η-Aquarids, Orionids, Leonids). The radiant of the Perseids was located in Cassiopeia, where the radiant of the present-day Cassiopeids is to be found. It appears that the Perseid stream began to cross the orbit of the Earth in 830 A.D.In the δ-Aquarids the North branch was active, while there is no evidence that the South branch had existed earlier than 900 years ago. The Virginids, Librids, Scorpionids, Sagittarids and Aurigids were quite appreciable and their studies furnish much interesting data. Particularly active were the Taurids; their North and South branches were observed over 1000 years back. The South Taurids were about half as active as the North Taurids (at present this relation is reversed). Very active were the Cygnids (July–August), which presented at that time a compact shower, now disrupted into a series of minor showers with radiants spread over a large area of the celestial sphere. Of definitive interest is the radiant of the great meteor shower observed in 1037 (August 21 by the Julian Calendar, September 9 by the Gregorian Calendar, 1950–0), α = 324°, δ = + 1°(1950–0).Some of the showers active in these early centuries are now unknown; on the other hand, some showers which are well known now were not observed in the Middle Ages. In the past millennium only those streams have survived whose orbits were so situated with respect to the orbits of the outer planets, that they were not subjected to any considerable perturbations produced by these planets.

Automatic Derivation of Geometric Properties of Components From 3D Polygon Models

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Brandt ◽  
Matthias Fischer ◽  
Maria Gerges ◽  
Claudius Jähn ◽  
Jan Berssenbrügge
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Rotation Axes ◽  
Space Rotation ◽  
Triangulated Surfaces ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Limited Input Data

To detect errors or find potential for improvement during the CAD-supported development of a complex technical system like modern industrial machines, the system’s virtual prototype can be examined in virtual reality (VR) in the context of virtual design reviews. Besides exploring the static shape of the examined system, observing the machines’ mechanics (e.g., motor-driven mechanisms) and transport routes for the material transport (e.g., via conveyor belts or chains, or rail-based transport systems) can play an equally important role in such a review. In practice it is often the case, that the relevant information about transport routes, or kinematic properties is either not consequently modeled in the CAD data or is lost during conversion processes. To significantly reduce the manual effort and costs for creating animations of the machines complex behavior with such limited input data for a design review, we present a set of algorithms to automatically determine geometrical properties of machine parts based only on their triangulated surfaces. The algorithms allow to detect the course of transport systems, the orientation of objects in 3d space, rotation axes of cylindrical objects and holes, the number of tooth of gears, as well as the tooth spacing of toothed racks. We implemented the algorithms in the VR system PADrend and applied them to animate virtual prototypes of real machines.

Mathematical Model for Determining the Lifetime of Conveyor Belts Depending on some Selected Parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Miriam Andrejiová ◽  
Anna Grinčová ◽  
Anna Pavlisková
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Layer Width ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Transported Material ◽  
Optimal Construction

In the last years, belt conveyors belong to the most frequently used means of transport in various industries. The most important component of the belt conveyor is the conveyor belt. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention also to optimal lifetime of conveyor belts. Conveyor belt lifetime is a very complicated issue. It is affected by plenty of factors, including above all the quality structure of the belt conveyor, optimal construction, production, and properties of the conveyor belt as such, adequate solution of conveyance route shifting, reasonable maintenance, and quality repairs of conveyor belts. The paper deals with the exploring the lifetime of conveyor belts depending from on some selected parameters obtained from the operating records of practice (thickness of paint layer, width and length of the belt, conveyor speed and quantity of transported material) with using appropriate mathematical - statistical methods.

scholarly journals Lamb wave generation using nanosecond laser ablation to detect damage

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 5842-5853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Hosoya ◽  
Ryosuke Umino ◽  
Atsushi Kanda ◽  
Itsuro Kajiwara ◽  
Atsushi Yoshinaga
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Lamb Wave ◽  
Lamb Waves ◽  
Wave Generation ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Contact Damage ◽  
Contact Type ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 2024

This paper proposes a non-contact damage detection method based on Lamb waves generated by laser ablation (LA). Previously, Lamb waves generated by contact-type sensors such as acoustic emission or piezoelectric zirconate titanate devices have been studied to detect damage. Lamb wave generation systems with embedded contact-type excitation devices to objective structures to be inspected may quickly realize large-area damage detection on a huge object such as an aircraft. However, replacing contact-type devices with non-contact devices in Lamb wave generation systems, the systems will have sufficient potential to excite under the specific conditions such as submerged target structures in liquid and high-temperature substances. The LA-generated Lamb waves that have amplitudes several hundred times larger than those generated by conventional laser-thermoelastically generated Lamb waves are of advantage from the viewpoint of the signal-to-noise ratio in the measurements. When the laser fluence reaches 1012–1014 W/m2, which is greater than that for laser-thermoelastic regime, a LA regime is induced. The amplitudes of the LA-generated Lamb waves might be higher than those of the laser-thermoelastically generated Lamb waves; this is within the scope of the assumption. Since the LA process entails a number of nonlinear processes such as melting, vaporization, and sublimation, it is important to confirm that LA could generate a Lamb wave and its mode. In this paper, Lamb waves that contain broadband frequency elements of more than several hundred kHz are generated by non-contact impulse excitation using LA, which is common in vibration tests in the high-frequency range, laser peening, propulsion of micro-aircraft, bolt loosening diagnosis, etc. The present method is evaluated by comparing the measured and calculated propagation phase and group velocities of the Lamb waves. Furthermore, the feasibility of our approach is demonstrated by non-contact damage detection against an aluminum alloy 2024 plate with a crack.

Static and Dynamic Strain Measurements using Sensing Sheets for Damage Detection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Levent E. Aygun ◽  
Naveen Verma ◽  
James C. Sturm ◽  
Branko Glisic
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Direct Sensing ◽  
Aluminum Beam ◽  
Real Life Condition

<p>Damage detection in structures is an important part of structural health monitoring (SHM). Two approaches for detecting damages are indirect and direct sensing. Indirect sensing uses sparse array of sensors and complex algorithms to determine the extent and localization of damage. Crack initiation can best be captured with direct sensing as it provides resolved information about the anomalous behavior near cracks. Direct sensing, however, is expensive because of the need to install a large array of densely packed sensors. A novel solution developed recently is the use of two-dimensional sensing sheets designed to cover large areas of structures. Such sheets are based on large area electronics (LAE) with flexible thin film resistive strain sensors embedded in polyimide substrate along with the relevant electronics. This paper explores the use of sensing sheets for damage detection using static and dynamic measurement. Laboratory testing on aluminum beam is used to demonstrate the performance of these sheets in idealized conditions. Sensing sheets employed on a pedestrian bridge are used to evaluate their performance in real life condition where the strains measurements are compared with the fiber-optic sensors already present on the bridge. Finally, sources of measurement errors and limitations are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Damage Detection of Composite Plates by Lamb Wave Ultrasonic Tomography with a Sparse Hexagonal Network Using Damage Progression Trends

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Keulen ◽  
M. Yildiz ◽  
A. Suleman
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Lamb Wave ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sparse Network ◽  
Damage Progression

Lamb wave based structural health monitoring shows a lot of potential for damage detection of composite structures. However, currently there is no agreement upon optimal network arrangement or detection algorithm. The objective of this research is to develop a sparse network that can be expanded to detect damage over a large area. To achieve this, a novel technique based on damage progression history has been developed. This technique gives an amplification factor to data along actuator-sensor paths that show a steady reduction in transmitted power as induced damage progresses and is implemented with the reconstruction algorithm for probabilistic inspection of damage (RAPID) technique. Two damage metrics are used with the algorithm and a comparison is made to the more commonly used signal difference coefficient (SDC) metric. Best case results show that damage is detected within 12 mm. The algorithm is also run on a more sparse network with no damage detection, therefore indicating that the selected arrangement is the most sparse arrangement with this configuration.

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