Feasibility Study of the Manufacturing Process of Soil-Cement Blocks for the Construction of Masonry Aiming to Eliminate the Settling Mortar Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
Liliana Fay ◽  
Paul Cooper ◽  
Luiz Henrique Lana ◽  
Danilo Pereira Souza
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Environmental Practices ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Local Materials

The growing industrialization of the construction materials, the evolution of the construction techniques and ease for conveyance, broadly speaking, eliminates the need to use local materials for construction. However, the earth still presents itself as a material with the potential to reintroduce the old and healthy construction habits, yet without precluding the search for technical innovations consistent with good environmental practices, and that may contribute to the formulation of simpler and cheaper processes. The current work developed the morphology of a new component of construction made with an easy acquisition and low cost material: soil-cement, a material and procedure proven, tested, and regulated. The redesign of a new construction component aims to facilitate the rise of the masonry through an innovative construction process, in which the settling mortar can be eliminated with a perfect fitting system. With the fitting block designed, the mould for pressing was then developed and prototypes were conformed, experimentally, in three soil-cement mixtures showing production feasibility. The prototypes were tested according to the related standards, being submitted to tests of resistance to compression, water absorption and sizing. The results showed that only the water absorption parameter did not comply with the standards and therefore must be targeted by future researches in order to improve the mixture composition.

Revaluation of Ksar El-Haouita in Laghouat, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatiha Imane Mahcar ◽  
Belkacem Takhi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Theoretical Underpinning ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Local Materials

Algeria has a rich urban and architectural heritage, which presents regional specificities. Once the ksour was a symbol of balance and perfect harmony with its environment, unfortunately today they no longer reflect their former function. The Ksourian architecture, including that of Laghouat is a prestigious heritage of high value; it is the testimony of genius knowledge and the capacity of their occupants to adapt to the difficult environment. The housing is considered the essential core of this architecture it represents the entire composition of the ksar, its design is inspired by the immediate environment and respects ancestral social values. It is characterized by a simple architecture and simple construction techniques which are based on the construction in load-bearing walls, the construction materials used are local materials of great resistance and less expensive. This study addresses the theme revaluation of heritage, particularly our case study ksar El-Haouita which has experienced a neglecting and depopulation due to several factors. The ksar El-Haouita is among the most famous ksour located in the south of Algeria and exactly in the region of Laghouat. It is built with simple materials and techniques of construction. The construction materials used are local materials like stones and lime found in the environmental surroundings of the ksar. The aim of this study is to identify the major causes of the degradation of ksar, also to preserve ksar El-Haouita through specific operations and to improve the tourist attractiveness of ksar El-Haouita in order to promote heritage, to convert it back into sustainable Saharan tourism. Our study based in the first place; on a theoretical underpinning which contains the notions that have a relation with our theme, the problematic and the envisaged objective, then a presentation of ksar followed by a morphological analysis accompanied by identification of the problems to identify the phenomena of damage and its disfigurement. The last step is to treat an aspect for the development of ksar, this aspect is devoted to the restitution of the defensive system (doors, ramparts, ramparts of houses and towers) of the ksar, through a diagnostic and several operations like (rehabilitation and reconstruction). The aim result of this study is to show that the revaluation of the ksar is a very vast operation and proposes interventions that allow the preservation of the ksar and also to understand the elements that help the success of interventions and to put some of the parameters considered as reference elements and basic principles for the operations on the ksar and among these operations it is (the case study, which is the restitution of the defensive system of ksar El-Haouita).

scholarly journals Investigation of Performance of Soil-Cement Pile in Support of Foundation Systems for High-Rise Buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Dao Huu Do ◽  
Tuan A. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Single Piles

This paper presents the experimental study of Soil-Cement Pile (SCpile) by wet mixing method in sandy soils, with the typical project at An Trung Complex apartment, Da Nang city, Vietnam. With the characteristic of soil layers is sandy soil, the strength of laboratory stabilized soils with the amount of cement from 150¸300 kg/m3 was determined. Simultaneously, the authors also performed the experiments of 20 test piles collected from the site which has cement content about 280 kg/m3 and the unconfined compressive strength qu= (4.5-6.0) MPa. After that, a full-scale model static axial compressive load tests of two single piles and a group of four piles with diameter 800 mm and 12 m length were also conducted. The experiment results show that the bearing capacity of every single pile is 1.200 kN with settlement 6.93 mm and the group of four CSpiles is 3.200 kN with settlement 5.03 mm. The results presented in the paper illustrate that SCpile is the suitable solution for foundation construction process with low cost and saving time for high rise buildings. The result shows a capable application of soil cement piles for support of high-rise buildings.

Smart Approach of Solid Waste Management for Recycling of Polymers: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Zernab Fatima ◽  
Roohi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Recycled Plastics

Background: : The world’s annual utilization of plastic materials is growing day by day and simultaneously solid waste management is becoming one of the major environmental concerns throughout the world. Current approach for their usage and disposal is not sustainable because of the durability of the polymers involved. Methods: : Partially digested products of these plastics in the form of micro-plastics are accumulating as debris in landfills and in natural habitats because of their remaining in the environment for millions of years. Easy availability, low cost and ubiquitous applications make the plastics most attractive polymer whose proper disposal through specific technology seems the only alternate and that may lessen down the pollution over the next decades. Results: : Recycling as a waste management strategy provides opportunities to reduce the use of petrochemical resources and improving environmental conditions. Reuse of bulky plastic wastes in concrete and Wood Plastic Composites (WPC) seems a smart approach for solving the problem of disposal. The development of new construction materials using recycled plastics is important to both the construction and the plastic recycling industries. Conclusion:: This review article presents the details of recycling of waste management, their probable application for concrete and WPC production, types of recycled plastics, role of microbes and microbial enzymes for recycling of plastics and emphasis on use of biodegradable plastics to make the environment green.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Paperbrick with Inequitable Substitution of Cement

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Low Cost Housing

Paper bricks are key construction materials for buildings in general and for low cost housing in particular. To keep up with sustainable development movements and increasing competitive pressure in the industry, building materials of the upcoming have to be of lesser weight, more force capable and lower cost. The use of recycled materials is also critical for longterm sustainability. The intention of this paper is to develop lightweight paper brick from waste paper with lowest amount. The paper was hydrating and spin to obtain paper mash slurry after mixing with cement, and cast to shape. Compressive strength and water absorption were found. The results showed that investigational bricks are upper compressive force, water absorption when compared to those of existing masonry blocks. Quick cost estimation indicated that bricks could be made at a lower cost than those available in the market. It is fulfilled that paper bricks as of waste paper possess smart property and high-quality strengths. Sustainable and rate issues are also addressed. The result show the arrangement of paper dissipate and cement provides improved results for produce economical latest bricks.

Bamboo Waste-based Bio-composite Substance: An application for Low-cost Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Teodoro Astorga Amatosa ◽  
Michael E. Loretero
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
Natural Treatment

Bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength raw materials that encouraged researchers to investigate and explore, especially in the field of biocomposite and declared as one of the green-technology on the environment as fully accountable as eco-products. This research was to assess the technical feasibility of making single-layer experimental Medium-Density Particleboard panels from the bamboo waste of a three-year-old (Dendrocalamus asper). Waste materials were performed to produce composite materials using epoxy resin (C21H25C105) from a natural treatment by soaking with an average of pH 7.6 level of sea-water. Three different types of MDP produced, i.e., bamboo waste strip MDP (SMDP), bamboo waste chips MDP (CMDP) and bamboo waste mixed strip-chips MDP (MMDP) by following the same process. The experimental panels tested for their physical-mechanical properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D1037-12. Conclusively, even the present study shows properties of MDP with higher and comparable to other composite materials; further research must be given better attention as potential substitute to be used as hardwood materials, especially in the production, design, and construction usage.

Low-Cost Technology for Water Pollution Control in Developing Countries

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 1337-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
G G Cillié
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Pollution Control ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
International Water ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Local Materials

An estimated 80 % of all illnesses in developing countries is in one way or another related to water. In order to alleviate this most serious condition, the united Nations has initiated the “International Water Decade”, for which the estimated costs are $600 000 million, a sum which is far beyond any available means. By application of “low-cost technology” this sum could be reduced to $100 000 million which brings the objective within the reach of possibility. Details are given of the design and methods of construction of units which are best suited to the specific requirements and which would be simple, reliable and economical to operate. These can be constructed largely from local materials and by local labour. The need for appropriate training of both operators and the user population is stressed.

scholarly journals Kaolin-Enhanced Superabsorbent Composites: Synthesis, Characterization and Swelling Behaviors

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Mengna Chen ◽  
Xuelong Chen ◽  
Caiyan Zhang ◽  
Baozheng Cui ◽  
Zewen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Water ◽  
Kinetic Mechanism ◽  
Swelling Kinetics ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Ph Tolerance ◽  
Monovalent Salt ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

One type of low-cost and eco-friendly organic‒inorganic superabsorbent composite (SAPC) was synthesized by free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA), starch (ST), sodium alginate (SA) and kaolin (KL) in aqueous solution. The structure and morphology of the SAPC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The influence of different reaction conditions on water absorption of SAPC, i.e., SA and KL contents, AA neutralization degree (ND), potassium persulfate (KPS) and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) loading were systematically studied. Under the optimal synthesis conditions, very high water absorption of 1200 g/g was achieved. The swelling kinetic mechanism of SAPC was studied by pseudo-second order swelling kinetics model and Ritger‒Peppas model. The performances of SAPC under different environments were tested and results revealed that this new SAPC had excellent swelling capacity, high water retention, good salt tolerance in monovalent salt solution (NaCl solution) and good pH tolerance between 4 and 10.

scholarly journals Properties of Low-Cost WPCs Made from Alien Invasive Trees and rLDPE for Interior Use in Social Housing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2436
Author(s):  
Abubakar Sadiq Mohammed ◽  
Martina Meincken
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Invasive Trees ◽  
Recycled Low Density Polyethylene

Low-cost wood–plastic composites (WPCs) were developed from invasive trees and recycled low-density polyethylene. The aim was to produce affordable building materials for low-cost social housing in South Africa. Both raw materials are regarded as waste materials, and the subsequent product development adds value to the resources, while simultaneously reducing the waste stream. The production costs were minimised by utilising the entire biomass of Acacia saligna salvaged from clearing operations without any prior processing, and low-grade recycled low-density polyethylene to make WPCs without any additives. Different biomass/plastic ratios, particle sizes, and press settings were evaluated to determine the optimum processing parameters to obtain WPCs with adequate properties. The water absorption, dimensional stability, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and tensile moduli were improved at longer press times and higher temperatures for all blending ratios. This has been attributed to the crystallisation of the lignocellulose and thermally induced cross-linking in the polyethylene. An increased biomass ratio and particle size were positively correlated with water absorption and thickness swelling and inversely related with MOR, tensile strength, and density due to an incomplete encapsulation of the biomass by the plastic matrix. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilising low-grade recycled polyethylene and the whole-tree biomass of A. saligna, without the need for pre-processing and the addition of expensive modifiers, to produce WPCs with properties that satisfy the minimum requirements for interior cladding or ceiling material.

Nanotechnology in Civil Engineering - A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Naganathan ◽  
Charan Singh Jasbir Singh ◽  
Yim Wil Shen ◽  
Peng Eng Kiat ◽  
Sivadass Thiruchelvam
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pavement Engineering

Nanotechnology can be used for design and construction processes in many areas since nanotechnology generated products have many unique characteristics. These characteristics can significantly fix current construction problems, and may change the requirement and organization of the construction process. This paper reviews the basic concept of nanotechnology, different types of nanomaterial and their manufacturing process as well as the applications of nanotechnology in different fields such as concrete, pavement engineering, construction materials. Use of nanotechnology is found to offer high performing and efficient materials. Specific application areas include water and waste water treatment, construction materials etc. The use of nanotechnology in civil engineering is still in infancy stage. The production methods, pollutions caused to human health, manufacturing difficulties, performance are the issues to be addressed in order to use the nanotechnology in civil engineering.

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