HT-XRD Analysis of W Thick Coatings for Nuclear Fusion Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Girolamo Costanza ◽  
R. Donnini ◽  
Saulius Kaciulis ◽  
Giorgio Maddaluno ◽  
Roberto Montanari
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Extended Surfaces ◽  
Thick Coatings ◽  
Thermal Shields ◽  
Soft Interface

W is a promising material to use as protection for thermal shields in future nuclear fusion reactors, however the joining to other metals is really challenging. For realizing such joints plasma spraying (PS) has been used for its simplicity, the possibility to cover complex and extended surfaces and the relatively low cost. An appropriate interlayer must be optimized to increase the adhesion of W on the substrates and to provide a soft interface for better thermo-mechanical compatibility.The present work demonstrates that high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) permits to quickly assess the reliability and quality of the coating-interlayer-substrate system by measuring the strain of coating. This is very useful to orientate the work for optimizing the structure and composition of the interlayer and the parameters of deposition process.

Development of Ternary Concrete Utilizing Agricultural Waste Material

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Kumari ◽  
Dhirendra Singhal ◽  
Rinku Walia ◽  
Ajay Rathee
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Maize Cob

Abstract The present project proposes to utilize rice husk and maize cob husk ash in the cement to mitigate the adverse impact of cement on environment and to enhance the disposal of waste in a sustainable manner. Ternary concrete / MR concrete was prepared by using rise husk and maize cob ash with cement. For the present project, five concrete mixes MR-0 (Control mix), MR-1 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-2 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-5%), MR-3 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-4 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%) were prepared. M35 concrete mix was designed as per IS 10262:2009 for low slump values 0-25mm. The purpose is to find the optimum replacement level of cement in M35 grade ternary concrete for I – Shaped paver blocks.In order to study the effects of these additions, micro-structural and structural properties test of concretes have been conducted. The crystalline properties of control mix and modified concrete are analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that 10% Rice husk ash and 5% maize cob ash replaced with cement produce a desirable quality of ternary concrete mix having good compressive strength. The results of SEM analysis indicated that the morphology of both concrete were different, showing porous structure at 7 days age and become unsymmetrical with the addition of ashes. After 28 day age, the control mix contained more quantity of ettringite and became denser than ternary concrete. XRD analysis revealed the presence of portlandite in large quantity in controlled mix concrete while MR concrete had the partially hydrated particle of alite.

Characterizations of ZnS/CuInS2 Film Fabricated by Electrochemical Deposition Process for Solar Cell Devices

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-Min Yeh ◽  
Hsiang Chen ◽  
Chuan Hao Liao ◽  
Ching Bang Chen ◽  
Bin Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Thin Film Solar Cells ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfur Atmosphere ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Zns Films

In this study, CuInS2 (CIS) films were fabricated by a two-step, non-vacuum process. Electrochemical deposition (ECD) was first used to prepare Cu-In precursors on Mo substrate under constant current. Then, CuInS2 films were prepared by sulfurization of the Cu-In precursors in sulfur atmosphere. The surface morphologies, compositions, and transmittance of the CuInS2 and ZnS films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-VIS, respectively. The results show that a high-quality CIS thin film solar cells by low-cost, non-vacuum process could be obtained.

scholarly journals Investigation on the quality of silicon extracted from the Padma river sand using magnesio-aluminothermic process

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Abdul Kuddus ◽  
SM Mahabubuzzaman ◽  
Abu Bakar Md Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
River Sand ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminothermic Reaction ◽  
Padma River

Investigation on the quality of the extracted Silicon (Si) from the sand of the Padma river of Bangladesh using the Magnesio-Aluminothermic process has been presented in this work. Magnesio-Aluminothermic process, which is low-energy, low-cost and CO2 free compared to conventional carbothermic process, was used for the extraction of Si from the sand. By performing the thermite process, Si was extracted as a eutectic mixture of Aluminium and Si, following that, several cycles of acid leaching were used to obtain highly pure polycrystalline silicon. After grinding the cleaned sand and making a homogeneous mixture with associated chemicals and ignition materials, modified Aluminothermic reaction was performed to produce a eutectic mixture of Si and Al. Grinded eutectic mixture of Si and Al was then purified with acid leaching and finally above 97% pure crystalline Si was extracted. XRD (X-ray diffraction) and Raman Spectroscopy confirmed the polycrystalline nature of Si where XRF (X-ray fluorescence) and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) corroborated the high purity of extracted Si describing the chemical composition. Bangladesh Journal of Physics, 26(2), 33-40, December 2019

scholarly journals Potential Use of Green Synthesized Al2O3 (Alumina) Nanoparticles from Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava) for the Removal of Methylene Blue from Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1308
Author(s):  
Debasish Mondal ◽  
Dipankar Mahata ◽  
Kamala Mandy Hansda ◽  
Sourav Mondal ◽  
Ajit Das
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Al2o3 Nps ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Significant Attention

Recently non-harmful nanomaterials have acquired critical significant attention in wastewater treatment containing organic pollutants especially toxic and hazardous dyes. In this regard, a low cost and eco friendly method has been investigated for the green synthesis of alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs). The alumina nanoparticles were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf as a potential stabilizing agent. The UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The absorption at 281 nm confirmed the formation of alumina nanoparticles. The FTIR spectra and XRD analysis confirmed the presence of various functional groups and crystalline structures of Al2O3 NPs during the synthesis. The spectrum clearly indicates the organic moieties in Psidium guajava extract are responsible for the biosynthesis of Al2O3 NPs. The suface morphology of Al2O3 NPs was confirmed by SEM and EDS studies. Besides this, the removal of methylene blue through adsorption and kinetic study was also reported.

A facile synthesis method and fracture toughness evaluation of catfish bones-derived hydroxyapatite

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (26) ◽  
pp. 1357-1366
Author(s):  
E.S Akpan ◽  
M. Dauda ◽  
L.S Kuburi ◽  
D.O Obada
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Toughness Evaluation ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Heat Treatment Method ◽  
Fracture Toughness Evaluation

AbstractIn this study, biological hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) bones. First, the as-received catfish bones were de-proteinized in open air, and then converted to HAp by a solid state heat treatment method at a temperature of 900 °C for a holding time of 2 h in a muffle furnace. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that HAp with high crystallinity of 99.9% was formed matching the structural properties of flouro-apatite with crystallite sizes of approximately 37.1 nm. The morphology of the HAp prepared showed irregularly shaped particles and revealed the appearance of open pores with a less agglomerated structure and a Ca/P ratio of about 1.58. The specific mechanical properties: hardness, compressive strength and fracture toughness of the catfish derived scaffolds were recorded as 480 MPa, 1.92 MPa, and 5.72 Mpa.m1/2, respectively. The fracture toughness of the HAp derived scaffolds suggests that the produced biomaterial is promising for biomedical applications. These findings are useful for the production and application of the HAp powders prepared from catfish bones, and further suggests a possible low-cost route for producing inexpensive ceramics using natural catfish bones.

High-Jc YBCO coatings on reel-to-reel dip-coated Gd2O3 seed buffer layers epitaxially fabricated on biaxially textured Ni and Ni-(3at%W-1.7at%Fe) alloy tapes

2001 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolga Aytug ◽  
M. Paranthaman ◽  
S. Sathyamurthy ◽  
B. W. Kang ◽  
D. B. Beach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ybco Films ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Alloy Metal

ABSTRACTA low-cost, non-vacuum reel-to reel dip-coating system has been used to continuously fabricate epitaxial Gd2O3 buffer layers on mechanically strengthened, biaxially textured Ni- (3at.%W-1.7at%Fe), defined as Ni-alloy, metal tapes. X-ray diffraction analysis of the seed Gd2O3 layers indicated that well textured films can be obtained at processing temperatures (Tp) between 1100 and 1175°C. Processing speed did not significantly affect the crystalline quality of the Gd2O3. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a continuous, dense and crack-free surface morphology for these dip-coated buffers. The Gd2O3 layer thickness led to remarkable differences in the growth characteristics of the subsequent YSZ and CeO2 layers deposited by rfmagnetron sputtering. Epitaxial YBCO films grown by pulsed laser deposition on the short prototype CeO2/YSZ/Gd2O3/Ni-(3at%W-1.7at%Fe) conductors yielded self-field critical current densities (Jc) as high as 1.2×106 A/cm2 at 77 K. Pure Ni tapes were used to asses the viability of dip-coated buffers for long length coated conductor fabrication. The YBCO films, grown on 80 cm long and 1 cm wide CeO2/YSZ/Gd2O3 buffered Ni tapes by the industrially scalable ex-situ BaF2 precursor process, exhibited end-to-end self-field Jc of 6.25×105 A/cm2 at 77 K.

scholarly journals Solvent-deficient synthesis of nanocrystalline Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Zeljkovic ◽  
Jin Miyawaki ◽  
Dragoljub Vrankovic ◽  
Elena Tervoort ◽  
Roland Hauert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rapid Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Nitrates

Nanocrystalline Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? powders were prepared by a cost-effective solvent-deficient method using metal nitrates and ammonium bicarbonate as precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface determination (BET), thermal analyses (TG-DTA-DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the effects of the calcination temperature on the Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? (BSCF) formation. XRD analysis showed that a cubic Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? was obtained after heating for 1 h at 1000?C. BSCF nanocrystals with a diameter of about 25 nm were obtained. On the other hand, the sample mass was stabilized at 915?C as recorded by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), indicating a formation of the complex BSCF oxide already at this temperature. The phase transformations during the synthesis of BSCF oxide are defined and confirmed with the note on the instability of the cubic phase. Using the four-point DC measurements between ?73?C and 127?C, the band gap of 0.84 eV was determined. The solvent-deficient method used in this study to synthesize Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? showed distinct advantages in comparison with other synthesis techniques considering simplicity, rapid synthesis, and quality of the produced nanocrystals.

scholarly journals Characterization and Modification of Clay for Removal of Drinking Water Hardness

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-331
Author(s):  
Asanthi Ireshika Rukshani Wickramasuriya ◽  
Ruwan Chandima Wickramasinghe Arachchige ◽  
Iresha Renuke Menike Kottegoda
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cationic Modification ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Different Temperatures

Hardness in drinking water is a major problem in domestic usage. It is important to use drinking water within the tolerance limits of hardness. Clay samples obtained from two different areas in Sri Lanka were analysed, modified, and optimized with a view to suppress the hardness in drinking water. Characterization of clay was carried out using XRD (X-ray diffraction spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy), and SEM (Scanning electron microscope). Variation of the adsorption capacity of clay was analysed at different firing temperatures of the clay samples. XRD analysis revealed that both clay types are consisting of Kaolinite as the main constituent. The hardness adsorption efficiency and the retention of hardness adsorption in prolonged cycles has been observed when the clay is heated at different temperatures. In addition, the water hardness adsorption efficiency was enhanced by the cationic modification using sodium chloride. The results further reveals that the Freundlich isotherm is best fit for Ca2+ adsorption on both Biyagama and Deniyaya clay whereas that for the Mg2+ adsorption is Langmuir isotherm. The present study is useful to develop low-cost clay-based materials to minimize water hardness.

Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Fish Bone Wastes by Heat Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 318-323
Author(s):  
Hestining Ajeng Permatasari ◽  
Rosita Wati ◽  
Rista Mutia Anggraini ◽  
Almukarramah Almukarramah ◽  
Yusril Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Fish Bones

The present work demonstrates a low-cost route to produce hydroxyapatite (HAp) from fish bones (natural source) by a simple heat-treatment process. The produced HAp was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis obtained elemental composition that confirmed the presence of Ca and P; then the Ca/P mole ratio was calculated. XRD analysis from Chanos chanos and Calarias batracus bone has produced the diffraction peaks at 31.8°, 32.1°, and 32.9° that corresponded to the HAp phase. The presence of functional groups, PO43‒ and OH‒, has been confirmed by FTIR spectra that arecharacteristics of HAp. EDX analysis has shown that the Ca/P mole ratio was similar to the Ca/P mole ratio of the HAp’s stoichiometry (1.66). But actually, not all fish bones can produce pure HAp after the heat-treatment process, such as Tylosurus crocodilus bone. Based on XRD analysis from the main diffraction peak form is a β-TCP phase

scholarly journals Sustainable Production of Arecanut Husk Ash as Potential Silica Replacement for Synthesis of Silicate-Based Glass-Ceramics Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fahmi Anuar ◽  
Yap Wing Fen ◽  
Muhammad Zakwan Azizan ◽  
Fida’i Rahmat ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Zinc Silicate ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Morphological Studies

Arecanut husk (AH) was selected as a material for silica replacement in the synthesis process of glass-ceramics zinc silicate and also the fact that it has no traditional use and often being dumped and results in environmental issues. The process of pyrolysis was carried out at temperature 700 °C and above based on thermogravimetric analysis to produce arecanut husk ash (AHA). The average purity of the silica content in AHA ranged from 29.17% to 45.43%. Furthermore, zinc oxide was introduced to AHA and zinc silicate started to form at sintering temperature 700 °C and showed increased diffraction intensity upon higher sintering temperature of 600 °C to 1000 °C based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The grain sizes of the zinc silicate increased from 1011 nm to 3518 nm based on the morphological studies carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In addition, the optical band gap of the sample was measured to be in the range from 2.410 eV to 2.697 eV after sintering temperature. From the data, it is believed that a cleaner production of low-cost zinc silicate can be achieved by using arecanut husk and have the potential to be used as phosphors materials.

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