scholarly journals Potential Use of Green Synthesized Al2O3 (Alumina) Nanoparticles from Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava) for the Removal of Methylene Blue from Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1308
Author(s):  
Debasish Mondal ◽  
Dipankar Mahata ◽  
Kamala Mandy Hansda ◽  
Sourav Mondal ◽  
Ajit Das
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Al2o3 Nps ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Significant Attention

Recently non-harmful nanomaterials have acquired critical significant attention in wastewater treatment containing organic pollutants especially toxic and hazardous dyes. In this regard, a low cost and eco friendly method has been investigated for the green synthesis of alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs). The alumina nanoparticles were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf as a potential stabilizing agent. The UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The absorption at 281 nm confirmed the formation of alumina nanoparticles. The FTIR spectra and XRD analysis confirmed the presence of various functional groups and crystalline structures of Al2O3 NPs during the synthesis. The spectrum clearly indicates the organic moieties in Psidium guajava extract are responsible for the biosynthesis of Al2O3 NPs. The suface morphology of Al2O3 NPs was confirmed by SEM and EDS studies. Besides this, the removal of methylene blue through adsorption and kinetic study was also reported.

Effect of Alkaline Concentrations on the Synthesis of Volcanic Soil-Based Zeolite for Methylene Blue Removal by Fenton-Like Oxidation Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Zaenal Abidin ◽  
Vicky Prajaputra ◽  
Sri Budiarti ◽  
Dyah Tjahyandari Suryaningtyas ◽  
Naoto Matsue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Volcanic Ash Soil ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Potential Use

This study demonstrates the potential use of volcanic ash soil (VAS) as raw materials for preparing zeolite without adding any templates or seeds. Here we investigated the effect of alkaline concentrations on the synthesis of VAS-based zeolite and enhanced its ability for methylene blue (MB) removal by Fenton-like process. Zeolite materials were directly synthesized by mixing the amount of VAS within alkaline concentrations of 0.5 (P1), 1.5 (P2), and 3.0 mol/L (P3), respectively, followed by a simple hydrothermal procedure at 100 oC for 24 h. The prepared sample characteristics were obtained from the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, which confirmed the formation of zeolite A and some mineral phases in P2 and P3 samples. The mentioned samples reached equilibrium state at MB concentration of 200 mg/L with high adsorption capacity values compared to VAS. The adsorption showed a better fit to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2]0.99), in which the maximum uptake capacities were found to be 24.03 mg/g for P2 and 14.30 mg/g for P3. Interestingly, the percentage of MB removal using P2 and P3 increased greatly from 52.81% and 32.26% to 98.92% and 98.85% by Fenton-like process, respectively.

scholarly journals Natural Mordenite from Spain as Pozzolana

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Leticia Presa ◽  
Jorge L. Costafreda ◽  
Domingo A. Martín ◽  
Isabel Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mechanical Compression ◽  
San Jose ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pozzolanic Cement ◽  
Natural Clinoptilolite ◽  
Potential Use

This work deals with anomalous concentrations of natural mordenite in the southeast of Spain. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies evidenced that the samples contain mainly monomineral zeolitic phase of mordenite (70% to 74%), usually accompanied by smectite (montmorillonite), the principal component of bentonite. A study of the applicability of these zeolites is presented to establish the potential use as pozzolanic cements. For comparative purposes, synthetic commercial mordenite is also characterized and tested. The initial mixtures were prepared using cement and mordenite at a 75:25 ratio. Chemical analysis and a pozzolanicity test showed the high pozzolanic character. These mixtures were further added to sand and water, yielding the cement specimens to be used as concrete. Mechanical test results showed that the mechanical compression at 7 and 28 days fall into the range of 19.23 to 43.05 MegaPascals (MPa) for the cement specimens built with natural mordenites. The obtained results fall in the same range of cement specimens prepared with natural clinoptilolite, using mixtures within the European requirement for commercial concretes. Thus, these results and the low cost of natural mordenite of San José de los Escullos deposit supports the potential use of natural mordenite as pozzolanic cement.

Effect of Morphology on Near-Infrared Shielding Properties of Aluminum-Doped ZnO by Solvothermal Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1007 ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
Pimpaka Putthithanas ◽  
Supan Yodyingyong ◽  
Jeerapond Leelawattanachai ◽  
Wannapong Triampo ◽  
Noppakun Sanpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Smart Window ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
Heat Shielding ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Potential Use

In this work, aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO) is synthesized for heat-shielding applications. A family of ethanolamine (EA: monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine TEA)) is used to control the morphology of aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO) synthesized via a simple solvothermal method at the temperature of 120°C for 6 h. The samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The formation of primary ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) showed that TEA yielded highly packed-spherical aggregates not found when DEA and MEA were used. X-ray diffraction (XRD) found that all AZO samples have peaks of the ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure. XRD patterns of aluminum were found for >10 mol%. UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer was used to study the optical property and heat-shielding of the near-infrared region (NIR, the wavelength from 700 - 2500 nm). All AZO NPs of 0, 2, 4, and 10 mol% exhibited strong NIR shielding ability up to 80% insulation. From these results, the AZO NPs have potential use as NIR shielding materials of low-cost and simple processes to be coated on an energy-efficient window as smart window coating in buildings and automotive thus reducing energy consumption, especially in air conditioning usage.

HT-XRD Analysis of W Thick Coatings for Nuclear Fusion Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Girolamo Costanza ◽  
R. Donnini ◽  
Saulius Kaciulis ◽  
Giorgio Maddaluno ◽  
Roberto Montanari
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Extended Surfaces ◽  
Thick Coatings ◽  
Thermal Shields ◽  
Soft Interface

W is a promising material to use as protection for thermal shields in future nuclear fusion reactors, however the joining to other metals is really challenging. For realizing such joints plasma spraying (PS) has been used for its simplicity, the possibility to cover complex and extended surfaces and the relatively low cost. An appropriate interlayer must be optimized to increase the adhesion of W on the substrates and to provide a soft interface for better thermo-mechanical compatibility.The present work demonstrates that high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) permits to quickly assess the reliability and quality of the coating-interlayer-substrate system by measuring the strain of coating. This is very useful to orientate the work for optimizing the structure and composition of the interlayer and the parameters of deposition process.

scholarly journals Preparation of Functionalized Hydroxyapatite with Biopolymers as Efficient Adsorbents of Methylene Blue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassen Agougui ◽  
Youssef Guesmi ◽  
Mahjoub Jabli
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Cationic Dye ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Fourier Trans ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Adsorbed Quantity ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, we reported the synthesis of hydroxyapatite modified with biopolymers as λ-carrageenan and sodium alginate, which could be used as effective adsorbents of cationic dyes. Evidence of chemical modification was proved through chemical analysis, Fourier Trans-form Infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and specific surface area. The adsorption process was studied using methylene blue as representative cationic dye. The adsorbed quantity reached, at equilibrium, 142.85 mg/g and 98.23 mg/g using hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite-(λ-carrageenan), respectively. However, it does not exceed 58.8 mg/g in the case of the unmodified hydroxyapatite. The adsorption of methylene blue using hybrid materials complied well with the pseudo-second-order suggesting a chemi-sorption. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm described well the adsorption mechanism of the hydroxyapatite-(λ-carrageenan) and hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate, respectively. The high capacities of MB removal obtained in this study suggest the potential use of these materials in the treatment from wastewaters.

A facile synthesis method and fracture toughness evaluation of catfish bones-derived hydroxyapatite

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (26) ◽  
pp. 1357-1366
Author(s):  
E.S Akpan ◽  
M. Dauda ◽  
L.S Kuburi ◽  
D.O Obada
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Toughness Evaluation ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Heat Treatment Method ◽  
Fracture Toughness Evaluation

AbstractIn this study, biological hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) bones. First, the as-received catfish bones were de-proteinized in open air, and then converted to HAp by a solid state heat treatment method at a temperature of 900 °C for a holding time of 2 h in a muffle furnace. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that HAp with high crystallinity of 99.9% was formed matching the structural properties of flouro-apatite with crystallite sizes of approximately 37.1 nm. The morphology of the HAp prepared showed irregularly shaped particles and revealed the appearance of open pores with a less agglomerated structure and a Ca/P ratio of about 1.58. The specific mechanical properties: hardness, compressive strength and fracture toughness of the catfish derived scaffolds were recorded as 480 MPa, 1.92 MPa, and 5.72 Mpa.m1/2, respectively. The fracture toughness of the HAp derived scaffolds suggests that the produced biomaterial is promising for biomedical applications. These findings are useful for the production and application of the HAp powders prepared from catfish bones, and further suggests a possible low-cost route for producing inexpensive ceramics using natural catfish bones.

scholarly journals Characterization and efficient dye discoloration of Algerian diatomite from Ouled Djilali-Mostaganem

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Touina ◽  
Safia Chernai ◽  
Bouhameur Mansour ◽  
Hafida Hadjar ◽  
Abdelkader Ouakouak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Calcium Carbonates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractA series of naturally occurring diatomaceous earth samples from Ouled Djilali, Mostaganem (Lower Chelif basin, Algeria northwestern), were investigated, which are characterized by the expansion and evolution during the Messinian age. Four varieties of diatomite were distinguished, characterized, and successfully used to adsorb methylene blue dye in aqueous medium. Several properties and characteristics of diatomite have been outlined using analytical methods such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption–desorption (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as other complementary analysis tests. Results showed that silica and calcium carbonates were the main constituents of the diatomite samples (ranging between 32.8 and 61.5% for SiO2; and 13.8–25.9% for CaO), with a slight difference in chemical composition between selected samples. Typical for all diatomite samples, the XRD analysis suggests a high mass quantity of amorphous phase (Opal); high content of crystal phase was also registered. FTIR allowed determining the basic characteristic silica bands regarding diatomite samples. While the BET and SEM investigations revealed that the studied diatomite material has a highly porous structure and was very rich in diatoms. The maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue that was calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model was 116.59 mg/g (for Ouled Djilali: OD05 sample) at 25 °C and pH 7.0. The diatomite from Mostaganemian (Ouled Djilali) deposit may find promising applications as low-cost adsorbent for dyes removal from water.

scholarly journals Ficus Carica Mediated Synthesis of Simulated Solar Light Driven Nano-sized Zinc Stannate Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Methylene Blue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asia Naqeeb ◽  
Sirajul Haq ◽  
Rimsha Ehsan ◽  
Muhammad Imran Shahzad ◽  
Nadia Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Zinc Stannate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Simulated Solar Light ◽  
Tauc Plot

Abstract The synthesis of zinc stannate nanocomposite (Zn2SnO4 NC) was carried out using an environment friendly process that included the use of Ficus carica (F. carica) leaves extract as a capping and reducing agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to analyze the structural and crystallographic parameters, and the crystallite was discovered to have cubic geometry. The elemental composition of the studied Zn2SnO4 NC was investigated using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), which revealed that it was extremely pure. The band gap (3.12 eV) was calculated through Tauc plot using diffuse reflectance (DRS) data where the functional groups were explored through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Prior to the photocatalytic reaction, some preliminary experiments were performed, which proposed that pH 9 is suitable for the mineralization of methylene blue (MB) (10 ppm) in the presence of 20 mg of Zn2SnO4 NC and simulated solar light. The 96 % of MB was degraded in 80 min with the degradation rate of 0.038 min-1.

scholarly journals Characterization and Modification of Clay for Removal of Drinking Water Hardness

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-331
Author(s):  
Asanthi Ireshika Rukshani Wickramasuriya ◽  
Ruwan Chandima Wickramasinghe Arachchige ◽  
Iresha Renuke Menike Kottegoda
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cationic Modification ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Different Temperatures

Hardness in drinking water is a major problem in domestic usage. It is important to use drinking water within the tolerance limits of hardness. Clay samples obtained from two different areas in Sri Lanka were analysed, modified, and optimized with a view to suppress the hardness in drinking water. Characterization of clay was carried out using XRD (X-ray diffraction spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy), and SEM (Scanning electron microscope). Variation of the adsorption capacity of clay was analysed at different firing temperatures of the clay samples. XRD analysis revealed that both clay types are consisting of Kaolinite as the main constituent. The hardness adsorption efficiency and the retention of hardness adsorption in prolonged cycles has been observed when the clay is heated at different temperatures. In addition, the water hardness adsorption efficiency was enhanced by the cationic modification using sodium chloride. The results further reveals that the Freundlich isotherm is best fit for Ca2+ adsorption on both Biyagama and Deniyaya clay whereas that for the Mg2+ adsorption is Langmuir isotherm. The present study is useful to develop low-cost clay-based materials to minimize water hardness.

Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Fish Bone Wastes by Heat Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 318-323
Author(s):  
Hestining Ajeng Permatasari ◽  
Rosita Wati ◽  
Rista Mutia Anggraini ◽  
Almukarramah Almukarramah ◽  
Yusril Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Fish Bones

The present work demonstrates a low-cost route to produce hydroxyapatite (HAp) from fish bones (natural source) by a simple heat-treatment process. The produced HAp was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis obtained elemental composition that confirmed the presence of Ca and P; then the Ca/P mole ratio was calculated. XRD analysis from Chanos chanos and Calarias batracus bone has produced the diffraction peaks at 31.8°, 32.1°, and 32.9° that corresponded to the HAp phase. The presence of functional groups, PO43‒ and OH‒, has been confirmed by FTIR spectra that arecharacteristics of HAp. EDX analysis has shown that the Ca/P mole ratio was similar to the Ca/P mole ratio of the HAp’s stoichiometry (1.66). But actually, not all fish bones can produce pure HAp after the heat-treatment process, such as Tylosurus crocodilus bone. Based on XRD analysis from the main diffraction peak form is a β-TCP phase

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