Effect of Grit Type, Aging Temperature, and Aging Time on Particle Size of Ground Natural Rubber/Zeolite Composite Powder

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Karl C. Ondoy ◽  
Bryan B. Pajarito
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Aging Temperature ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Zeolite Composite

This study reports the results of investigation on the main and interaction effects of grit type, aging temperature, and aging time on particle size of ground natural rubber/zeolite (GNR/Z) composite powder using general factorial design of experiment. GNR/Z composite powder produced by mechanical grinding is porous, like an aggregated chain structure. These aggregates exist in clusters of irregular shape. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the effects of aging temperature and aging time depend on the particle size range. GNR/Z composite powder with large particle size is produced when aging is done at low temperature and short time due to high resistance of rubber to oxidation. On the other hand, GNR/Z composite powder with small particle size is produced when aging is done at low or high temperature and longer aging time. Low temperature condition offers high O2 concentration available to oxidize rubber while high temperature condition leads to more chain scissions due to higher oxidation rate.

Electrochemical Performance of Barium Strontium Cobalt Ferrite -Samarium Doped Ceria- Argentum for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

2020 ◽  
Vol 991 ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Umira Asyikin Yusop ◽  
Tan Kang Huai ◽  
Hamimah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Nurul Akidah Baharuddin ◽  
Jarot Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Cobalt Ferrite ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Barium Strontium

A low operating temperature is one of the concerns in commercialising solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as a portable power source. The aim of this research is to develop a new cathode material, barium strontium cobalt ferrite–samarium doped ceria (BSCF-SDC) added with argentum (Ag) for low-temperature SOFCs (LT-SOFCs). The composite powder was prepared through high-energy ball milling at 550 rpm for 2 h with a BSCF:SDC powder ratio of 50:50. The composite powder was calcined at 950 °C for 2 h and then mixed with Ag (1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt%) via dry milling at 150 rpm. The phase stability of the resulting samples was examined by X-ray diffractometry, and powder particle sizes were determined by using a Zeta-Sizer Nano ZS. The thermal stability of each sample was determined on the basis of thermal expansion coefficients (TECs), and electrochemical characteristics were determined through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the performance of BSCF-SDC-Ag in LT-SOFCs (400–600 °C). Phase analysis demonstrated no impurity phases existed. Particle size analysis revealed that increment in Ag content affect the particle size of BSCF-SDCC. TEC analysis demonstrated that BSCF-SDC-Ag1% has a mismatch value of 16.39%, which is within the acceptable TEC range of 15%–20%. BSCF-SDC-Ag1% showed a maximum conductivity of 39.37Scm-1 at 600 °C.

Influence of Modifier Dosage and Aging Time on the SBS Modified Asphalt

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
Bai Lin Wang ◽  
Min Nan Zheng ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jiu Guang Geng
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Pavement Engineering ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt ◽  
Physical Index

SBS modified asphalt has good performance of high temperature and low temperature, it is widely used in high-grade asphalt pavement engineering. But the aging will influence the using performance of asphalt, we select four dosages of modifier and aging for different time, Experimental results show that with the increase of aging time, asphalt penetration is reduced, softening point is elevated, ductility is decreased. According to the macro physical index analysis, find that SBS modified asphalt’s anti-aging performance is improved.

Ozone and Sunlight Effect on Aging of Carbon Black Vulcanizates

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
George E. Popp ◽  
Lynn Harbison
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Polymer Compound ◽  
Type Particle ◽  
Weather Resistance

Abstract Carbon black, regardless of type, particle size, structure, and physical properties imparted, does not affect the rate or degree of checking or cracking in natural-rubber or low-temperature polymer compounds when subjected to weather or ozone exposure. Natural rubber will withstand much longer periods of exposure than the synthetic polymer studied. A pronounced degree of ozone and weather cracking and checking will result if no antioxidant is compounded into the synthetic polymer. An MAF black-synthetic polymer compound may be substantially improved in its resistance to ozone and weather resistance by selection and application of the proper antichecking ingredients.

scholarly journals Laboratory Evaluation of Aging Behaviour of SBS Modified Asphalt

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yongchun Qin ◽  
Songchang Huang ◽  
Jian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Aging Temperature ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt ◽  
Particle Area

To study the effect of aging SBS modified asphalt on the performance of asphalt pavement, aging at various times and temperatures was conducted with thin film oven, and then tests were made about the penetration, softening point, ductility, viscosity, toughness, and fluorescence microscopy of modified asphalt with different aging levels. The results show that, with the increasing of aging time, the penetration and ductility of modified asphalt decrease while its softening point and viscosity increase, and the variation trend of the toughness and tenacity is related to the aging temperature; the aging dynamic model with viscosity as parameter can well characterize the aging process of modified asphalt; at microlevel, with the decreasing of SBS particle size, the uniformity of particle size is better. Analysis of macroscopic properties, microscopic characteristics, and significance shows that the SBS particle area ratio has a significant correlation with tenacity as the aging temperature changes. When the aging temperature is 163°C, the SBS particle area ratio still has a significant correlation with tenacity as the aging time changes.

Study on the Thermodynamics and Kinetics in the Combustion Reaction between Titanium and Boron Powders

2007 ◽  
Vol 351 ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wang ◽  
Zheng Yi Fu ◽  
Wei Min Wang ◽  
Yu Cheng Wang ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Thermodynamics And Kinetics ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Calculated Activation

Combustion synthesis of titanium diboride(TiB2) from titanium(Ti) and boron(B) powders was studied by theoretical calculation and experimental analysis. In high temperature range or in low temperature range, the calculated activation energies are 140KJ/mol or 355KJ/mol respectively, which is described by a change from dissolution-precipitation controlled process to diffusion-controlled process. With the increase of particle size of the raw materials, combustion temperature and propagating rate will both reduce. The propagating rate decreases with the addition of diluents. Further increase of diluents may result in a stop of the combustion wave halfway or even a failure of ignition.

Formation of Kirkendall Voids at Low and High Aging Temperature in the Sn-0.7Cu-1.0wt.%Si3N4/Cu Solder Joints

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 577-581
Author(s):  
Norainiza Saud ◽  
Flora Somidin ◽  
Najib Saedi Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Aging Temperature ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
The Other ◽  
Imcs Layer ◽  
High Aging Temperature ◽  
Kirkendall Voids ◽  
Soldered Joint

The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer formed between Sn-0.7Cu-1.0wt.%Si3N4(SC-1.0SN) solder and Cu-substrate were investigated through isothermal solid-state aging. The SC-1.0SN/Cu solder joints were aged at 50°C and 150°C for 24h, 240h, 480h and 720h duration after reflow. The as-soldered joint IMC formed at interface was Cu6Sn5. In addition, only Cu6Sn5layer was observed at the interface of the samples aged at low temperature of 50°C although the aging duration was prolonged up to 720h and has begun to increase in thickness. On the other hand, the Cu3Sn layer was clearly observed in the sample of aged at 150°C up to 240h. However, at least no voids were vividly observed in the 50°C aged samples, while kirkendall voids were clearly found in Cu3Sn layer of samples aged at 150°C up to 480h of aging time will be discussed further.

Effect of Ce3+/Ce4+ Couple on Selective Hydrogenation of Crotonaldehyde over Pt/CeO2 Catalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 1592-1596
Author(s):  
Guan Qun Xie ◽  
Yan Hui Dai ◽  
Xi Jing Liu ◽  
Meng Fei Luo ◽  
Xiao Nian Li
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Selective Hydrogenation ◽  
Temperature Reduction ◽  
Crotyl Alcohol

By pretreatment of Pt/CeO2catalysts with high temperature reduction and subsequent low temperature reoxidation, the concentration of Ce3+species in the Pt/CeO2catalysts could be adjusted, while at the same time the Pt particle size remained constant. Thus the pure effect of Ce3+/Ce4+couples on the selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehdye could be explored. The investigation provided direct proofs supporting that Ce3+species favors the crotyl alcohol selectivity.

The Effect of Aging on Synthesis of Zeolite at High Temperature

2009 ◽  
Vol 620-622 ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeong Seok Yoo ◽  
Hyo Jin Ban ◽  
Kyeong Ho Cheon ◽  
Jae Ik Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Aging Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Zeolite Synthesis ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Synthesis Time

Zeolite are used as adsorbent, catalyst and ionexchang material. But it limited to extend the usage of the zeolite since almost zeolite synthesized by hydrothermal method. The purpose of this study was to synthesis zeolite by calcination at high temperature due to extend the application of zeolite, as ceramics process. The effect of aging temperature and time, crystallization temperature on the synthesis of zeolite has been studied. Aging was performed at room temperature~70°C during 0~3days. After aging, zeolite precursor sinter for 1 hours at 300, 400, 500°C in furnace. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD, TG, SEM When the aging time is less than 1 day zeolite was not synthesized. But zeolite A obtained from precursor of aging time is more than 1 day at all firing temperature. As a result the aging time and aging temperature is increased, the zeolite synthesis time is decreased. Therefore aging is benefit process on synthesis of zeolite at high temperature.

Research on the Low Temperature Degradation Resistance of TiN/3Y-TZP

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Bao Kun Han ◽  
Xing Hua Yang ◽  
Chuan Zhen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Aging Temperature ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Aging Rate ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Virtue Of

The composite materials TiN/3Y-TZP, 3Y-TZP doped by TiN with different contents and particle sizes, were fabricated through the same hot-pressing techniques. Compared with 3Y-TZP, the low temperature degradation resistance of TiN/3Y-TZP aged at the temperature from 170°C to 350°C in air for 50 h was investigated in virtue of XRD and SEM in the experiment. For TiN/3Y-TZP and 3Y-TZP, the maximum aging rate all occurs at 220°C. The addition of TiN can availably improve the low temperature degradation resistance of 3Y-TZP at different aging temperatures, but cannot change the relationship between the aging rate and the aging temperature. For TiN/3Y-TZP, the matrix particle size is the key factor responsible for its low temperature degradation resistance.

scholarly journals Influence of low amounts of zinc or magnesium substitution on ion release and apatite formation of Bioglass 45S5

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wetzel ◽  
O. Bartzok ◽  
D. S. Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Zinc Ions ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Temperature Processing

Abstract Magnesium and zinc ions play various key roles in the human body, being involved, among others, in skeletal development and wound healing. Zinc is also known to have antimicrobial properties. While low concentrations can stimulate cells in vitro, high concentrations of magnesium or zinc introduced into bioactive glasses significantly reduce glass degradation and ion release and inhibit apatite precipitation. On the other hand, magnesium and zinc ions improve the high temperature processing of bioactive glasses, even when present at low concentrations only. Results here show that by substituting small amounts of Mg or Zn for Ca, ion release remains high enough to allow for apatite precipitation. In addition, magnesium and zinc containing bioactive glasses are shown to be very susceptible to changes in particle size and relative surface area. For a given magnesium or zinc content in the glass, ion release and apatite formation can be enhanced dramatically by reducing the particle size, reaching comparable levels as Bioglass 45S5 of the same particle size range. Taken together, these findings suggest that when introducing these ions into bioactive glasses, ideally low Mg or Zn for Ca substitution as well as small particle sizes are used. This way, bioactive glasses combining good high temperature processing with fast ion release and apatite precipitation can be obtained, providing the potential additional benefit of releasing magnesium or zinc ions in therapeutic concentrations.

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