Effect of Optimized Heat Treatments on the Tensile Behavior and Residual Stresses of Selective Laser Melted AlSi10Mg Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Colombo ◽  
Carlo Alberto Biffi ◽  
Jacopo Fiocchi ◽  
Ausonio Tuissi ◽  
Laura Vergani
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Microstructure Modification ◽  
Main Dimension ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Plane Scanning

The use of additive manufacturing (AM) technique is recently increased due to its ability in producing complex-shaped components. AlSi10Mg alloy is largely employed for AM and, in particular, for selective laser melting (SLM). Hence, the interest on this alloy is growing, together with the studies to control its mechanical performances, which can be increased by microstructure modification. With this focus, low temperature heat treatments to enhance AlSi10Mg mechanical behavior have been proposed in the recent literature. The present work focuses on two post-additive thermal treatments, with temperatures specifically selected for SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy. The study investigates their effect on mechanical performances, with a particular attention to residual stresses. Experimental measurements of residual stresses obtained by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) are presented, considering samples produced with their main dimension along the in-plane scanning directions (XY configuration) and the Z direction. Different conditions are accounted: 1) as-built; 2) after heat treatment at 244°C for 180 minutes; 3) after heat treatment at 290°C for 45 minutes. Tensile properties are correlated with the measurements of the residual stresses, allowing for a critical discussion and for a deeper insight on the correlation of the mechanical performance with the process parameters and the following thermal treatments.

scholarly journals Electron Beam Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Structures; Correlation between Post Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Del Guercio ◽  
Manuela Galati ◽  
Abdollah Saboori
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Additive Manufacturing processes are considered advanced manufacturing methods. It would be possible to produce complex shape components from a Computer-Aided Design model in a layer-by-layer manner. Lattice structures as one of the complex geometries could attract lots of attention for both medical and industrial applications. In these structures, besides cell size and cell type, the microstructure of lattice structures can play a key role in these structures' mechanical performance. On the other hand, heat treatment has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the material. Therefore, in this work, the effect of the heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures manufactured by EBM was analyzed. The main mechanical properties were compared with the Ashby and Gibson model. It is very interesting to notice that a more homogeneous failure mode was found for the heat-treated samples. The structures' relative density was the main factor influencing their mechanical performance of the heat-treated samples. It is also found that the heat treatments were able to preserve the stiffness and the compressive strength of the lattice structures. Besides, an increment of both the elongation at failure and the absorbed energy was obtained after the heat treatments. Microstructure analysis of the heat-treated samples confirms the increment of ductility of the heat-treated samples with respect to the as-built one.

Residual Stresses, Distortion, and Heat Treatment

2015 ◽  
pp. 487-497
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Stress Evaluation ◽  
Prediction Techniques ◽  
Deformation Gradients

Temperature and deformation gradients developed in the course of manufacturing can have undesired effects on the microstructures along their path; the two most common being residual stress and distortion. This chapter discusses these manufacturing-related problems and how they can be minimized by heat treatments. It also provides information on residual stress evaluation and prediction techniques.

scholarly journals Effect of Austenization Temperature on the Microstructure in Cr-Mn-Si Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4942-4945
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Polymorphic Transformation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bainite Structure ◽  
Strength And Plasticity

This work is a part of research on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr-Mn-Si steels after various thermal treatments. In order to increase the resistance of the materials against failure it is necessary to possess simultaneously high strength and plasticity at the same time. Normally, in conventional metals, this is impossible. The purpose of the present study is to trace the polymorphic transformation of the microstructure and the redistribution of the trace elements in the corresponding microstructural transformations of the steel at each stage of applied heat treatment - austenization, quenching, austempering, tempering. The chosen sequence of applied heat treatments is to obtain a bainite structure of up to 50% in order to achieve high strength and toughness of the material.

Analysis of Residual Stress Development during Thermal Processing of AL-SI Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 358-363
Author(s):  
S. Mohsen Sadrossadat ◽  
Ru Lin Peng ◽  
Sten Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Thermal Residual Stresses

Residuals stresses can be present in almost every industrial component. Manufacturing processes such as casting, welding, and heat treatment are the most common causes of residual stresses. Thermal residual stresses could be developed in a component during heat treatment process as a result of non-uniform heating or cooling operations. In this study, experiments were carried out to develop insights into and understanding of the residual stresses that can arise during thermal treatments of Al-Si components. Due to the complexity of residual stresses analysis in real components, a common mixed-section casting was employed. In order to fulfill the requirements of performing different thermal treatments, a special cooling apparatus was designed and built. A number of the casting components of an Al-Si alloy were annealed for stress relief, and then removed from the furnace and cooled with different water flow rates. Then, the amount of accumulated residual stresses in the components was measured relaxation of stress using cutting. Thermal analysis and residual stress measurement for different thermal treatment regimes showed that by choosing a specific holding temperature before direct cooling, the value of residual stress increases linearly with flow rate of cooling. On the other hand, for a constant value of cooling water flow, ∆Tmaxand residual stress level decreases when the value of base temperature of furnace decreases. Moreover, the cutting method can be a suitable method for measuring thermal residual stresses in Al-Si components and thermal analysis is a powerful technique to predict residual stresses.

Optimisation of the Strength of Aluminium Foam Sandwich (AFS) Panels by Different Heat Treatments

2006 ◽  
Vol 519-521 ◽  
pp. 1221-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Shabestari ◽  
N. Wanderka ◽  
W. Seeliger ◽  
John Banhart
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Foam Core ◽  
The Face ◽  
Full Solution ◽  
Fast Quenching ◽  
Potential Use

Aluminium foam sandwich panels (AFS) made of a low-density aluminium alloy AlSi6Cu6 foam core and two dense 6082 alloy face sheets were fabricated, after which the panels were subjected to two different heat treatments. First, the AFS panels were aged to increase their strength without further solution heat treatment and fast quenching, a process which resembles a T5 treatment. Second, to define a reference point the face sheets of AFS samples were cut off the foam and subjected to a full T6 treatment. Hardness profiles were measured across the thickness of the face sheets after the two different treatments and the microstructure was investigated. The main conclusion is that mechanical performance of AFS panels can be considerably increased by heat treatment without full solution heat treatment (T5), but without reaching the level of a full T6 treatment. The potential use of an easy to apply T5 treatment is an important cost reducing factor.

scholarly journals Influence of Heat Treatment on Residual Stress in Cold-Forged Parts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Ozanan Neves ◽  
Thiago Luis Lara Oliviera ◽  
Durval Uchoas Braga ◽  
Alex Sander Chaves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Forged Parts ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
1045 Steel

Residual stresses are those stresses that remain in a body when there is no external load applied. Numerous factors can induce residual stresses in the material, including cold forming. Thermal treatments of steel are widely used because they can improve the mechanical properties of the steel, such as toughness, tenacity, and resistance; however, thermal treatments can also produce residual stresses. This study aims to analyze the residual stresses present in a cold-forged part after heat treatments. Half-cylinder samples of AISI 1045 steel were cold-forged, and a wedge tool was pressed into their surface, causing a strain gradient. The samples were then heat-treated by annealing, normalizing, quenching, or quenching and tempering. A numerical simulation was also performed to aid in choosing the measurement points in the samples. The results show that residual stresses are dependent on the heat treatment and on the intensity and nature of previous residual stresses in the body.

Influence of Heat Treatment on Values of a Strain of Interstitial Free Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 726-731
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Freitas ◽  
Adilaine Moreira ◽  
Rerisson Mota ◽  
Fernando Spânghero ◽  
Sérgio Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Anisotropy Parameter ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Interstitial Free ◽  
If Steel ◽  
Interstitial Free Steel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Characteristics

This study aimed to investigate how the heat treatment can influence the strain values ​​of an IF steel observing the different values ​​of the tensile, rupture and drain that were recorded during the tensile test. We analyzed five samples of the specimen (CP) using different combinations of heat treatments to enable evaluation of the behavior of material deformation by tensile test. The evaluation was performed using the deformation calculation of the ratio between the axial and radial deformations (anisotropy parameter). The results indicate how different types of thermal treatments influenced in their initial properties, generating materials with different characteristics.

scholarly journals Electron beam melting of Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures: correlation between post heat treatment and mechanical properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Del Guercio ◽  
Manuela Galati ◽  
Abdollah Saboori
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Heat Treated

AbstractAdditive manufacturing processes are considered advanced manufacturing methods. It would be possible to produce complex shape components from a computer-aided design model in a layer-by-layer manner. As one of the complex geometries, lattice structures could attract lots of attention for both medical and industrial applications. In these structures, besides cell size and cell type, the microstructure of lattice structures can play a key role in these structures’ mechanical performance. On the other hand, heat treatment has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the material. Therefore, in this work, the effect of the heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures manufactured by electron beam melting was analysed. The main mechanical properties were compared with the Ashby and Gibson model. It is very interesting to notice that a more homogeneous failure mode was found for the heat-treated samples. The structures’ relative density was the main factor influencing the mechanical performance of the heat-treated samples. It is also found that the heat treatments were able to preserve the stiffness and the compressive strength of the lattice structures. Besides, an increment of both the elongation at failure and the absorbed energy was obtained after the heat treatments. Microstructure analysis of the heat-treated samples confirms the increment of ductility of the heat-treated samples with respect to the as-built one.

scholarly journals Effects of Post Heat Treatments on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted Ti6Al4V Alloy

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
Jianwen Liu ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yixin Li ◽  
Ruifeng Zhang ◽  
Zhuoran Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Property Anisotropy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The unique thermal history of selective laser melting (SLM) can lead to high residual stress and a non-equilibrium state in as-fabricated titanium alloy components and hinders their extensive use. Post heat treatment, as a classical and effective way, could transform non-equilibrium α’ martensite and achieves desirable mechanical performance in SLMed Ti alloys. In this study, we aimed to establish the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical performances of SLMed Ti6Al4V (Ti-64) by using different heat treatment processes. The columnar prior β grain morphology and grain boundary α phase (GB-α) after different heat treatment processes were characterized, with their influences on the tensile property anisotropy fully investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the fracture surface and its cross-sectional analysis found that the tensile properties, especially the ductility, were affected by the GB-α along the β grain boundary. Furthermore, the discontinuous ratio of GB-α was firstly proposed to quantitatively predict the anisotropic ductility in SLMed Ti-64. This study provides a step forward for achieving the mechanical property manipulation of SLMed Ti-64 parts.

Microstructural Development in Nb-Ti Multifilamentary Superconductors During Processing

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
A. W. West
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Critical Current Density ◽  
Copper Matrix ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Microstructural Development ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Density Values ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Multifilamentary Superconductors

The influence of the filament microstructure on the critical current density values, Jc, of Nb-Ti multifilamentary superconducting composites has been well documented. However the development of these microstructures during composite processing is still under investigation.During manufacture, the multifilamentary composite is given several heat treatments interspersed in the wire-drawing schedule. Typically, these heat treatments are for 5 to 80 hours at temperatures between 523 and 573K. A short heat treatment of approximately 3 hours at 573K is usually given to the wire at final size. Originally this heat treatment was given to soften the copper matrix, but recent work has shown that it can markedly change both the Jc value and microstructure of the composite.

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