Development and Evaluation of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Patches Containing Clindamycin for Topical Application

Clindamycin (CM) is the one of antibacterial drugs that can be used to treat acne vulgaris. The commercial products in form of solutions, creams, and gels cannot provide the exact amount of the drug and constant drug release. Transdermal patches present an attractive point for reducing this limitation and there is no commercial transdermal patch containing CM available in the market nowadays. The purposes of this study were to develop CM loaded transdermal patches for the treatment of acne and to investigate the physical properties and drug release profile of the CM from the transdermal patches. The transdermal patch was prepared using 10% HPMC. The types and concentrations of additives (glycerin, polyethylene glycol(PEG) or propylene glycol (PG)), were varied to improve the properties of the patches. The physical appearances including the translucent, color thickness and weight of the patches were recorded. The mechanical properties and skin adhesion of the patches were determined by a texture analyzer. The polymorphism of CM in the patches and the release profile of CM from the patches were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Franz diffusion cell, respectively. CM transdermal patches were translucent. The weight and thickness of the patches increased as the amount of additive increased. Glycerin and PG decreased the strength of the patches, while PEG increased the hardness. Adding CM to the patches increased the hardness and decreased the elasticity of the patches. The internal structure of CM loaded into the patches was an amorphous form. The CM patches exhibited some adhesion properties when contacted with the porcine skin. The release of CM from the patches was found to be 71-108% within 60 minutes. The patch prepared from 10% HPMC, 15% Glycerin, and 5% PG displayed the highest release rate. In conclusion, the CM loaded HPMC patches presented desirable properties, which could be used as a transdermal patch for the treatment of acne.

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Alginate/hydrophobic HPMC (60M) particulate systems: new matrix for site-specific and controlled drug delivery

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502011000400021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 833-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Kajal Ghosal ◽

Sarbani Dey Ray

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽

Controlled Drug Release ◽

Release Profile ◽

Least Square ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Drug Release Profile ◽

Site Specific ◽

Particulate Systems

This study aimed to obtain site-specific and controlled drug release particulate systems. Some particulates were prepared using different concentrations of sodium alginate (Na-Alg) alone and others were formulated using different proportions of Na-Alg with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) stearoxy ether (60M viscosity grade), a hydrophobic form of conventional HPMC, using diclofenac potassium (DP) by ion-exchange methods. Beads were characterized by encapsulation efficiency, release profile, swelling, and erosion rate. The suitability of common empirical (zero-order, first-order and Higuchi) and semi-empirical (Ritger-Peppas and Peppas-Sahlin) models was studied to describe the drug release profile. The Weibull model was also studied. Models were tested by non-linear least-square curve fitting. A general purpose mathematical software (MATLAB) was used as an analysis tool. In addition, instead of the widely used linear fitting of log-transformed data, direct fitting was used to avoid any sort of truncation or transformation errors. The release kinetics of the beads indicated a purely relaxation-controlled delivery, referred to as case II transport. Weibull distribution showed a close fit. The release of DP from Na-Alg particulates was complete in 5-6 hours, whereas from Na-Alg hydrophobic HPMC particulate systems, release was sustained up to 10 hours. Hydrophobic HPMC with Na-Alg is an excellent matrix to formulate site-specific and controlled drug release particulate systems.

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Anticancer Nano Formulation of Imatinib with Chitosan Polymer

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.9.1.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 58-64

Author(s):

Senthilnathan B ◽

Billy Graham R ◽

Chaarmila Sherin C ◽

Vivekanandan K ◽

Bhavya E

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Drug Targeting ◽

Bone Marrow Failure ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Release Profile ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Drug Release Profile ◽

Study Results ◽

Mast Cell Disease ◽

Nano Formulation

Objective: Drug targeting is the capacity of the dosage form. In which the therapeutic agent acts specifically to desired site of action in the non-targeted tissue with the help of Nano particles is called as the drug targeting. IMATINIB is a used to treat cancer by chemo therapy. Cancers like chronic myeloid leukemia cancer (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cancer (ALL) and other specific types of gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor (GIST) systemic mast cell disease and Bone marrow failure disorder. It is administered by oral root. For ATP, Tyrosine kinase is act as a binding site. Methodology: The drug IMATINIB is loaded in the polymer chitosan, poly-(D) glucosamine is a bio compactible, bio degradable, nontoxic, antimicrobial and soluble in solvents. This preparation is done by emulsion-droplet coalescence method. Content of the Drug, Size of the particle and Zeta potential, Encapsulation efficiency and Drug release testing are described for this formulation in this study. Results: The Imatinib Nano particles were formulated and evaluated for its invitro drug release profile. Based on the invitro drug release profile of Imatinib nano particles formulation (INP1 – INP5) formulation INP3 was selected as the best formulation in which the particle size was 285.9nm. The invitro % drug release of INP3 formulation was 99.76 ± 0.82 and it was found to be the suitable formulation to manage the cancer. Conclusion: Hence it is concluded that the newly formulated controlled release nanoparticle drug delivery system of Imatinib may be idol and effective by allowing the drug to release continuously for 24 hrs.

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Novel Herbal Topical Patch Containing Curcumin and Arnica montana for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis

Current Rheumatology Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573397115666190214164407 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 43-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Priyanka Kriplani ◽

Kumar Guarve ◽

Uttam Singh Baghel

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Analgesic Activity ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽

Methyl Cellulose ◽

World Population ◽

Jojoba Oil ◽

Arnica Montana ◽

Transdermal Patches

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) ranks fifth among all forms of disability affecting 10% of the world population. Current treatments available are associated with multiple side effects and do not slow down the progression of the disease. Moreover, no such effective treatment is available to date in various systems of medicine to treat osteoarthritis. Curcumin and Arnica have shown evident clinical advances in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Objective: The aim of the present study was to design, optimize and characterize novel herbal transdermal patches of curcumin and Arnica montana using factorial design. Methods: A multiple factorial design was employed to investigate the effect of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and jojoba oil on elongation and drug release. Transdermal patches were evaluated by FTIR, DSC, FESEM, ex vivo drug permeation, anti osteoarthritic activity and analgesic activity. Results: Independent variables exhibited a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of the prepared formulations. The higher values of drug release and elongation were observed with the higher concentration of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and jojoba oil. Anti osteoarthritic activity was assessed by complete Freund's adjuvant arthritis model; using rats and analgesic activity by Eddy's hot plate method, using mice. Combination patch exhibited good anti osteoarthritic and analgesic activity as compare to individual drug patches. Conclusion: The design results revealed that the combination patch exhibited good physicochemical, anti osteoarthritic and analgesic activity for the treatment of osteoarthritis in animals. More plants and their combinations should be explored to get reliable, safe and effective formulations that can compete with synthetic drugs.

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EFFECT OF POLYMERS ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND DRUG RELEASE PROPERTIES OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF ATENOLOL

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2018v10i4.24916 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Manish Kumar ◽

Vishal Trivedi ◽

Ajay Kumar Shukla ◽

Suresh Kumar Dev

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽

Research Work ◽

High Moisture ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery System ◽

Permeable Membrane ◽

Transdermal Patches ◽

Egg Membrane ◽

Hydrophilicity And Hydrophobicity

Objective: The objective of this research work was to develop a transdermal drug delivery system containing atenolol with different ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric combinations, using solvent evaporation technique and to examine the effect of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of polymers on the physicochemical and drug release properties of transdermal patches.Methods: Solvent casting method has been used to formulate transdermal patches. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Ethylcellulose (EC) in different combination ratios were used as the polymer. Propylene glycol was used as a plasticizer. Permeation enhancers such as span 80 were used to enhance permeation through the skin. In vitro diffusion study was carried out by franz diffusion cell using egg membrane as a semi-permeable membrane for diffusion.Results: Result showed that the thickness of the all batch of patches varied from 0.32 to 0.39 mm with uniformity of thickness in each formulation. Formulations F1 to F3 had high moisture content varied from 2.07±0.09 to 2.56±0.15 and high moisture uptake value varied from 3.21±0.35 to 4.09±0.38, due to a higher concentration of hydrophilic polymers. Drug content of all batches was ranged between 85.92±1.32 to 95.71±1.42. Folding endurance values off all batches were more than 75. Formulation batches F1 to F3 showed higher cumulative drug release varied from 61.34% to 68.11% as compared to formulation batches F4 to F6.Conclusion: Higher proportion of hydrophilic polymer in the formulation of transdermal patches, gives higher percentage drug release from prepared patches. The finding of the study indicates that hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of polymer effects the physicochemical and drug release properties of transdermal patches and an optimum proportion of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer is required for the preparation of effective transdermal patches.

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Swelling behaviour, rheological property and drug release profile of the anti-inflammatory drug metamizole sodium from xanthan gum–ZnO nanoparticles

Polymer Bulletin ◽

10.1007/s00289-020-03509-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Selcan Karakus ◽

Ezgi Tan ◽

Merve Ilgar ◽

Yeşim Müge Sahin ◽

Demet Sezgin Mansuroglu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Rheological Property ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Xanthan Gum ◽

Release Profile ◽

Drug Release Profile ◽

Swelling Behaviour ◽

Inflammatory Drug ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Metamizole Sodium

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Effect of a co-processed excipient on the disintegration and drug release profile of ibuprofen tablets

Bio-Research ◽

10.4314/br.v18i1.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

BB Mohammed ◽

EJ John ◽

NK Ajuji

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Release Profile ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Oral Dosage ◽

Direct Compression ◽

Drug Release Profile ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Crushing Strength ◽

Tablet Properties ◽

Spray Dried

Tablets at present, remain the most preferred oral dosage form because of many advantages they offer to formulators as well as physicians and patients. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of co-processing on the disintegration and drug-release profile of ibuprofen tablets prepared from a co-processed excipient. The co-processed excipient (CE) containing lactose, gelatin and mucin in the ratio 90:9:1 was prepared using co-fusion. The excipient was evaluated for its physicochemical properties and then used to formulate tablets with the addition of a disintegrant by direct compression. The tablets were evaluated for their tablet properties and compared with tablets prepared with cellactose- 80® (CEL) and spray dried lactose® (SDL) and a physical mix (PM) of the co-processed ingredient. Results from evaluation of CE showed that flow rate, angle of repose, Carr’s index and Hausner’s ratio were 5.28 g/sec, 20.30o, 23.75 % and 1.31, respectively. Tablets prepared with CE had friability (0%), crushing strength (5.25) KgF, disintegration time (3 mins) and T50% (2 mins). For CEL, friability (0.4 %), crushing strength (7.25) KgF, disintegration time (1 min) and T50% (2 mins); SDL, friability (1.57 %), crushing strength (7.50) KgF, disintegration time (4 mins) and T50% (2 mins) and PM, friability (2.38 %), crushing strength (5.00) KgF, disintegration time (1 min) and T50% (2 mins). In conclusion, the disintegration time and drug release profile for CE was not superior but compared favorably with CEL, SDL and PM.

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Synthesis, characterization and formulation of sodium calcium silicate bioceramic for drug delivery applications

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials ◽

10.1515/secm-2014-0057 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 375-380

Author(s):

P. Manohar Reddy ◽

Ravy Lakshmi ◽

Febin Prabhu Dass ◽

Swamiappan Sasikumar

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Calcium Silicate ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Release Profile ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Drug Release Profile ◽

Sodium Calcium ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Model Drug

AbstractSodium calcium silicate (Na2CaSiO4) is a bioactive silicate with Na2O, CaO and SiO2 as its basic components, which is similar to that of the composition of bioactive glasses. In the present study, pure sodium calcium silicate was synthesized by rapid combustion technique, and the synthesized sample was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction to check the phase purity. The scaffolds were prepared by varying the ratio of sodium calcium silicate and polyvinyl alcohol, and the apatite-formation ability of the scaffolds was examined by soaking them in a simulated body fluid. The results revealed the formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the scaffold after 5 days, which is found to be rapid when compared with the bioactivity of the calcium silicates and calcium magnesium silicates. The scaffolds were also loaded with ciprofloxacin as a model drug and analyzed for its drug release profile using UV spectrophotometer. The release profile did not vary with the change in bioceramic-to-biopolymer ratio, and 60% of the drug was released in 10 days, which is within the appreciable range for a targeted drug delivery system. Moreover, the experimental and simulated values of the release kinetics were compared by applying the existing mathematical model.

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