Effect of Cold Rolling and Annealing Temperature on the Characteristics of Cu-28Zn-5.5Al Alloy Produced by Gravity Casting for Bullet Case Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Aryya Satwiko Mahardika ◽  
Ignatius Andre Setiawan ◽  
Bondan Tiara Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Gravity Casting ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Case Application

Bullet cases are usually made of Cu-28Zn alloy through various kinds of process such as cold rolling, deep drawing, and annealing. Alloying is needed to improve properties that increase forming capabilities of cartridge brass, one option is by addition of Al. Samples used in this research were prepared by melting Cu, Zn, and Al ingots in an induction furnace, followed by gravity casting. As cast samples were homogenized at 800 °C for 2 h followed by cold rolling for 5, 10 and 20 %. Annealing was conducted on the 20 % deformed samples at 300, 400, and 600 °C for 30 min. Hardness and microstructures formed by each treatment were then evaluated using Vickers microhardness test as well as optical and scanning electron microscopy. Addition of Al deteriorated Cu-28Zn alloy forming capabilities by reducing its ductility. It is also found that addition of Al reduced recrystallization temperature. Partial nucleation was found to occur locally around the edge of samples at 300 °C and 400 °C. Annealing at 400 °C exhibited γ phase precipitation due to the decomposition of β phase. While, homogeneous full recrystallization was achieved at 600 °C.

Effect of Cold Rolling and Annealing Temperature on the Characteristics of Cu-28Zn-1.1Bi Alloy Produced by Gravity Casting

2018 ◽  
Vol 939 ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansel Fabianta Tambunan ◽  
Irene Angela ◽  
Imam Basori ◽  
Bondan Tiara Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
Recrystallization Process ◽  
Gravity Casting ◽  
Growth Phenomenon ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Cartridge Case ◽  
Spectroscopy Optical

The microstructures, mechanical properties, deformation mechanism, and recrystallization behavior of Cu-Zn-Bi alloys for cartridge case application have been investigated in this research. Cu-28Zn-1.1Bi wt. % alloys were produced by gravity casting and subjected to a homogenization – cold rolling – annealing sequences with variations on reduction level and annealing temperature. Samples characterizations were done through optical emission spectroscopy, optical microscopy, SEM-EDS imaging, and X-ray mapping modes, while hardness measurements were performed using micro Vickers method. The presence of Bi was found to increase cartridge brass hardness through a dispersoid strengthening mechanism in which dislocation movements are rendered by Bi particles. Higher deformation levels resulted in higher microhardness of the alloy. Recrystallization took place at grain boundaries and areas surrounding Bi dispersoid at 400 °C, while further heating resulted in grain growth phenomenon. Bismuth addition accelerated the recrystallization process in cartridge brass by a particles stimulated nucleation (PSN) mechanism.

scholarly journals Effect of cold rolling and annealing temperature to the characteristics of α + β' phases in Cu-29.5Zn-2.5Al alloy produced by gravity casting

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
I. Angela ◽  
I. Basori ◽  
B.T. Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gravity Casting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Temperature Annealing ◽  
Slip Bands ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Cold Rolled

Al-brass alloys (Cu29.5Zn2.5Al wt. %) were produced by gravity casting and homogenized at 800?C for 2 h, resulting in a binary phase morphology identified as cubic ? and martensitic ?? phases through X-ray diffraction (XRD). Samples were then subsequently cold rolled and annealed at 150, 300, 400, and 600?C for 30 minutes. Visible traces of slip, intersecting slip bands, and shear bands were observed in microstructure images of the samples after each progressive deformation stage. Deformation-induced martensites were present after 20 % cold rolling. Higher thickness reduction resulted in simultaneous strain hardening of the phases. Low temperature annealing slightly increased microhardness, of both ? and ??, due to the formation of precipitates. SEM-EDX analysis showed that no solute segregation was found in annealed samples. Annealing at higher temperature resulted in conventional softening. Recrystallized equiaxed ?? phase grains were visible after annealing at 600?C.

scholarly journals The Influences of Process Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of near β High Strength Titanium Alloy Sheet

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoxin Du ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Yanfei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Phase Field ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Goss Texture ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Process Annealing

The influences of process annealing temperature during cold rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe near β high strength titanium alloy sheets have been investigated. Results showed that the alloy mainly included the deformation induced dislocation structures after cold rolling but no obvious band structure, twin crystal or martensite were observed in this work. The texture components, which were affected by process annealing, are mainly γ-fiber, α-fiber and weak Goss texture. The γ-fiber of alloy when process annealed at 780 °C (α/β phase field) is stronger than at 830 °C (β phase field), where the Goss texture of alloy with process annealing temperature of 830 °C is more obvious. Results of annealing heat treatments showed that the recrystallization of the cold rolled was basically completed in a relatively short time of 2 min at 750 °C for 2 min. The refinement of grain size led to a significant increase of plasticity compared to rolled alloy. Results of tensile testing of aged alloy display the excellent combination of strength and plasticity, and the cold rolled alloy with process annealed at α/β phase field exhibits the better mechanical properties than at β phase field.

The Microstructure Evolution and Control of Alloy 690 during Cold Rolling

2013 ◽  
Vol 573 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Zhi Hao Yao ◽  
Jian Xin Dong ◽  
Zhi Yong He ◽  
Mai Cang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Alloy 690 ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
And Control

The microstructure evolution and control for Alloy 690 during cold rolling and annealing treatment was investigated. Cold rolling specimens were deformed in the strain range from 15% to 70% with strain rates from 0.01 to 10s-1. Subsequent annealing treatment was carried out in the range of 1060~1100°C for dwell time 3~15mins. Rolling reduction, annealing temperature and annealing time except strain rate had obviously influence on grain size and hardness. Little coarsening of grains were observed below 1060°C during annealing treatment, whereas grains coarsened obviously over 1080°C. Besides, the behavior of grain growth for alloy 690 was investigated systematically.

Microstructure and Texture Development in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr Alloy during Cold Rolling and Annealing

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Ghaderi ◽  
Peter D. Hodgson ◽  
Matthew R. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Phase Sample

This study focuses on the microstructure and texture evolution of a Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr alloy during cold rolling and annealing treatments. Three samples with different initial microstructures were cold rolled to a 40% reduction in thickness. The starting microstructure of one sample was single β phase while two other specimens were α+β phases with different α particle sizes, distributed in β grains. For all three samples, the average size of primary β grains was 150 µm. The cold rolled specimens were then annealed at 860 °C (10 °C above the β transus temperature) for 5 minutes followed by water quenching. Microstructure development during cold rolling and recrystallization was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. Microstructure investigations showed that massive amount of shear bands occurred during the cold rolling of the single β phase sample while only a few shear bands were observed in the α+β cold rolled microstructures. The cold rolled texture of the sample comprised of a single β phase contains a gamma fibre (//ND) and a partial alpha fibre (//RD). Annealing treatment decreased the intensity of the cold rolled texture in the single β phase sample. Also, it was found that the presence of α precipitates changes the common annealing texture observed in the single β phase specimen.

scholarly journals The Effects of Annealing at Different Temperatures on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold-Rolled Al0.3CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Zichao Zhu ◽  
Tongtong Yang ◽  
Ruolan Shi ◽  
Xuantong Quan ◽  
Jinlong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
Rolled Sample ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Strength And Toughness

In this work, cold-rolling was utilized to induce a high density of crystal defects in Al0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys. The effects of annealing temperature on static recrystallization, precipitation behavior and mechanical properties were investigated. With increasing annealing temperature from 590 °C to 800 °C, the area fraction of recrystallized region increases from 26.9% to 93.9%. Cold-rolling deformation largely promotes the precipitation of B2 phases during annealing, and the characteristics of the precipitates are linked to recrystallization level. The coarse and equiaxed B2 phases exist in the recrystallized region and the fine and elongated B2 phases occupy the non-recrystallized region. Combined use of cold-rolling and annealing can remarkably enhance the strength and toughness. A partially recrystallized microstructure in a cold-rolled sample annealed at 700 °C exhibits a better combination of strength and toughness than a fully recrystallized microstructure in a cold-rolled sample annealed at 800 °C. Finally, related mechanisms are discussed.

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