Antimicrobial Assay on PVDF Nanofiber Membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Kanokwan Kitiniyom ◽  
Chonlada Suwanboon ◽  
Noppavan Chanunpanich
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
New Method ◽  
Nanofiber Membrane ◽  
Glucose Fermentation ◽  
Hydrophobic Materials ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Hydrophilic Membrane ◽  
Hydrophilic Materials ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

Many researches concentrated on development of antimicrobial membranes for many applications such as air or water filtration. Disk diffusion was well-known conventional method for antimicrobial assay. However, this method is preferable to hydrophilic materials, where inhibition zone was easily observed. For hydrophobic materials, negative test was always shown, except increase in antimicrobial loading. In this study, glucose fermentation was introduced as a new method for antimicrobial assay. The survived and viable bacteria either at the surface or attached inside the membranes could ferment glucose resulting in acid production and changing color of indicator in the glucose solution from pale orange to pink. FU8M and FA8M nanofiber membrane, loading with AgNO3 and Benzalkonium chloride (0.3-1.0%) were used as hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane, respectively. The water absorption of these membranes took 2 h and 2 min, respectively, showing that the latter membrane improved its wettability. It is found that FU8M membrane showed no inhibition zone when the antimicrobial loading less than 1%, whereas the FA8M membrane showed inhibition zone from 8.6-14 mm, depending on antimicrobial loading. However, when glucose fermentation method was used, membranes showed the positive test after 9 hours of incubation at the antimicrobial concentration of 0.5%. Hence, this new method can be used as antimicrobial testing for membrane with simple and cost effective.

scholarly journals Simple, cost-effective technique for portable digital eletrocorticography

2000 ◽  
Vol 58 (2B) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULO R. M. DE BITTENCOURT ◽  
MARCOS C. SANDMANN ◽  
MARLUS S. MORO ◽  
JOÃO C. DE ARAÚJO
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Method ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Seizure Disorders ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Cost Effective Technique

We revised 16 patients submitted to epilepsy surgery using a new method of digital, real-time, portable electrocorticography. Patients were operated upon over a period of 28 months. There were no complications. The exam was useful in 13 cases. The low installation and operational costs, the reliability and simplicity of the method, indicate it may be useful for defining the epileptogenic regions in a variety of circumnstances, including surgery for tumors, vascular malformations, and other cortical lesions associated with seizure disorders.

Phytochemical analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant assay of Bhut Jolokia pepper

2021 ◽  
pp. 3775-3778
Author(s):  
Dharani Dharan ◽  
K. Venkatesh ◽  
S.S. Meenambiga ◽  
Dhivya Dhanasekar ◽  
P. Arumugam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antioxidant Assay ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Bhut Jolokia ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

The presented work represents phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant assay and Antimicrobial activity of Bhut jolokia pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq) extracted by ethanol as solvent. The ethanolic extract of Bhut jolokia pepper showed the presence of terpenoids, steroids, saponins and flavonoids. Antimicrobial assay was done with varying concentration (250-1000µg/ml) of pepper extract using tetracycline as control by well diffusion method, the extract at 750µg/ml shown best inhibition zone and Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest zone of inhibition at all concentration compared to other bacteria species with maximum zone of inhibition of 27mm. The DPPH scavenging assay for antioxidant activity at 517nm showed positive activity for scavenging, scavenging increased with the concentration of extract. Thus, Bhut jolokia could be effective in treating diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus from antimicrobial assay result.

scholarly journals Detection of Breaking Waves in Single Wave Gauge Records of Surface Elevation Fluctuations

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1863-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liberzon ◽  
Alexandru Vreme ◽  
Sagi Knobler ◽  
Itamar Bentwich
Keyword(s):  
Water Waves ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
New Method ◽  
Surface Elevation ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Single Wave ◽  
Accurate Detection ◽  
Forced Waves

We report the development of a new method for accurate detection of breaking water waves that addresses the need for an accurate and cost-effective method that is independent of human decisions. The new detection method, which enables the detection of breakers using only surface elevation fluctuation measurements from a single wave gauge, supports the development of a new method for research relating to water waves and wind–wave interactions. According to the proposed method, detection is based on the use of the phase-time method to identify breaking-associated patterns in the instantaneous frequency variations of surface elevation fluctuations. A wavelet-based pattern recognition algorithm is devised to detect such patterns and provide accurate detection of breakers in the examined records. Validation and performance tests, conducted using both laboratory and open-sea data, including mechanically generated and wind-forced waves, are reported as well. These tests allow us to derive a set of parameters that assure high detection accuracy rates. The method is shown to be capable to achieve a positive detection rate exceeding 90%.

scholarly journals In VitroAntibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Chlorogenic Acid against Clinical Isolates ofStenotrophomonas maltophiliaincluding the Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Resistant Strain

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunkumar Karunanidhi ◽  
Renjan Thomas ◽  
Alex van Belkum ◽  
Vasanthakumari Neela
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Time Kill

Thein vitroantibacterial and antibiofilm activity of chlorogenic acid against clinical isolates ofStenotrophomonas maltophiliawas investigated through disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), time-kill and biofilm assays. A total of 9 clinicalS. maltophiliaisolates including one isolate resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) were tested. The inhibition zone sizes for the isolates ranged from 17 to 29 mm, while the MIC and MBC values ranged from 8 to 16 μg mL−1and 16 to 32 μg mL−1. Chlorogenic acid appeared to be strongly bactericidal at 4x MIC, with a 2-log reduction in viable bacteria at 10 h.In vitroantibiofilm testing showed a 4-fold reduction in biofilm viability at 4x MIC compared to 1x MIC values (0.085<0.397A 490 nm) of chlorogenic acid. The data from this study support the notion that the chlorogenic acid has promisingin vitroantibacterial and antibiofilm activities againstS. maltophilia.

A new method to detect viable bacteria in natural seawater using 16SrRNA oligonucleotide probe

1993 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Nishimura ◽  
Kumiko Kita-Tsukamoto ◽  
Kazuhiro Kogure ◽  
Kouichi Ohwada ◽  
Usio Simidu
Keyword(s):  
Oligonucleotide Probe ◽  
New Method ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Viable Bacteria

scholarly journals Comparison of Botryococcus braunii and Neochloris vigensis Biofilm Formation on Vertical Oriented Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 12843-12857
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Algal Strain ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Hydrophilic Materials

Biofilm technology is a cost-effective process for microalgae biomass production. Materials can be successfully used as microalgae biomass adhesion carriers. The productivity of two different microalgal strains, Neochloris vigensis, and Botryococcus braunii, were compared in an opened pond system on eleven different surfaces (cork, sponge towel, denim, plexiglass, stainless steel, silicone rubber, glass, geotextile, and three different patterned plexiglass). Biomass attachment on the various materials was monitored for 16 days of cultivation. Various parameters were tested during cultivation, such as pH, cell concentration, chl-a, NO3-, PO43-, lipids, total proteins, and carbohydrates. Contact angle and surface energy were used to determine the surface characteristics. Plexiglass resulted in the best performance in the case of B.braunii (28.3 g/m2), while in the case of N.vigensis, sponge towel exhibited the highest productivity (17.8 g/m2). Based on the results, the algal strain affects the attachment, and hydrophilic materials can be as efficient as hydrophobic ones.

scholarly journals A New Grafting Method for Watermelon to Inhibit Rootstock Re-Growth and Enhance Scion Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjing Liu ◽  
Weiguo Lin ◽  
Chongran Feng ◽  
Xiangshuai Wu ◽  
Xiaohu Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
New Method ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Time Required

Grafting is an effective way to increase plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stressors, it is widely used in watermelon production. However, grafting is labor intensive due to the additional time is required, such as the management of rootstock regrowth. This study used a new grafting tool to destroy (remove) the epidermis of pumpkin and bottle gourd rootstock cotyledon base during grafting, we called this a new grafting method. Compared with the traditional grafting (100%), the new grafting method had significantly lower rate of rootstock regrowth (2-23%), higher watermelon scion dry weight and leaf area. In addition, the time used for the new hole insertion and one cotyledon grafting method to destroy (remove) the epidermis of rootstock cotyledon base (4.2 s/plant, 4.2 s/plant) is significantly shorter than the time required to remove the rootstock regrowth manually in the traditional grafting (9.3 s/plant, 8.8 s/plant). Thus, this study developed a new grafting method for watermelon to inhibit rootstock regrowth and enhance scion growth, and this new method is cost-effective for grafted watermelon seedlings.

Enbridge Cost and Schedule Contingency Assessments

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Schoenhardt ◽  
Vachel Pardais ◽  
Cheryl Fortin ◽  
Brent Kitson ◽  
Jay Hanzel
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Cost Estimate ◽  
New Method ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
The Cost

All capital projects have an element of risk and uncertainty. In today’s business environment this requires more than just simply adding 10 percent contingency to the cost estimate to cover off project unknowns. Before sanctioning a project for hundreds of millions of dollars, Board of Directors need to know what possible cost and schedule outcomes exist in order to safe-guard shareholders’ investments. Contingency assessments must be: • Risk-based • Project Specific • Repeatable • Defendable • Cost effective Six years ago, Enbridge grappled with these issues and realized it needed to adopt a new method of assessing both cost and schedule contingencies. After evaluating options, Enbridge set upon developing an in-house parametric modeling solution for its contingency assessment needs. This paper will: • Identify various options for assessing contingency • Review the Enbridge process • Demonstrate the value of a simplified risk register • Identify required data inputs • Illustrate calibration and accuracy of assessments • Discuss business advantages of parametric modelling

scholarly journals Microbiological Evaluation of a Range of Disinfectant Products To Control Mixed-Species Biofilm Contamination in a Laboratory Model of a Dental Unit Water System

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 3327-3332 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Walker ◽  
D. J. Bradshaw ◽  
M. R. Fulford ◽  
P. D. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Active Agent ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Sufficient Reduction ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms ◽  
Image Analysis Techniques

ABSTRACT Dental unit water system (DUWS) tubing harbors complex multispecies biofilms that are responsible for high microbial levels at the distal outlet. The aim of this study was to use an established biofilm laboratory model to simulate biofouling of DUWS to evaluate practical, cost-effective, and evidence-based methods of microbial decontamination. Reproducible biofilms were developed in the model over 14 days; decontamination was assessed using total viable counts (TVC) and microscopic-image analysis techniques to view the inner surface of tubing. Flushing did not reduce the biofilm coverage or TVC. Combizyme and ozone did not completely eliminate the viable bacteria (70 and 65% reduction in biofilm TVC, respectively), nor did they remove the biofilm (45 and 57% reduction in biofilm coverage, respectively). Chlorhexidine and Bio2000 (active agent: ethanol and chlorhexidine), Tegodor and Gigasept Rapid (aldehyde based), and Grotanol (hydroxide based) completely eliminated the TVC but did not completely remove biofilm (31, 53 33, 34, and 64.9% reduction of biofilm coverage, respectively). Other products including Grotanol Flussig (phenol based), Betadine (povidone-iodine based), Alpron (chlorite based), and the hydroxide-containing products Sporklenz, Sterilex Ultra, Dialox, Sterilox, Sanosil, Oxigenal, and Grotanat Bohrerbad resulted in a 100% reduction in the biofilm TVC and a >95% reduction in biofilm coverage. The study demonstrated that while many disinfectants achieve a sufficient reduction in TVC they may not necessarily remove unwanted biofilm from the tubing surfaces as tested in this laboratory-controlled biofilm model.

Exploring the Feasibility of Mail Surveys in Urban China

Field Methods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Chan Zhang ◽  
James M. Lepkowski ◽  
Lirui He
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban China ◽  
New Method ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Incentive Payment ◽  
Probability Sample ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Contact Information

While mail surveys are common in many developed countries, it is still a new method in other, often less-developed countries. This study explores the feasibility of mail surveys in urban China. We conducted an experiment manipulating delivery method (regular mail vs. courier delivery service) and incentive payment (prepaid vs. no incentive) using an area-probability sample of 2,400 households in Shanghai. Concerns about the effectiveness of prepaid incentives in China arise given the prevalence of scams. Courier delivery is generally faster and more reliable than regular mail, but there was uncertainty whether courier could outperform regular delivery when recipients’ name and contact information are unavailable. Findings show that mail surveys delivered using regular postal service with a prepaid incentive achieved the most cost-effective return per completed interview in Shanghai.

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