Increasing the Efficiency of Production of Synthetic Cast Iron Castings

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Viktor Alekseevich Kukartsev ◽  
Aleksandr Ivanovich Cherepanov ◽  
Vladislav Viktorovich Kukartsev ◽  
Anton Sergeevich Mikhalev ◽  
Ivan Yurievich Makarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Metal Charge ◽  
Iron Castings ◽  
Iron Scrap ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Industrial Frequency

The main factor that determines the content of the development strategies of a modern foundry is the use of modern technological processes, especially melting technology. First of all, this applies to the production of iron castings, which make up 65% of the mass of all alloys. Since 2000, in Russia, there has been a sharp decrease in the amount of pig iron scrap, the cost of foundry and pig iron and the cost of their transportation have increased significantly. This led to an increase in material costs in the production of castings from synthetic iron, which was mainly obtained in crucible induction furnaces of industrial frequency (ICT). In addition, problems began to arise with the use of acidic lining as the cheapest and most durable, since an increased amount of steel scrap began to be used in the metal charge, and for this reason the melting temperature was raised above 1450 ° C. The durability of the lining has sharply decreased, and downtime associated with its replacement has increased. All this had a negative impact on the efficiency of the production of synthetic iron castings.

scholarly journals Production Technology of Synthetic Iron to Ensure the Efficiency of Casting Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 989 ◽  
pp. 600-605
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Kukartsev ◽  
Vladislav V. Kukartsev ◽  
Vadim S. Tynchenko
Keyword(s):  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Casting Alloys ◽  
Iron Scrap ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Casting Production ◽  
Main Factor

Modernization of physical and mechanical properties of casting alloys, through the introduction of new processes, which can be used to obtain a precise casting with a smooth surface, which does not require machining, with a constant increase in the productivity of the implemented processes, is changing the technological and economic profile of modern foundry. The most advanced equipment is the induction crucible, melting furnace, which belongs to the main production assets and has a direct impact on productivity and, consequently, on profitability. For this reason, it is the main factor determining the content of the development strategies of the enterprise as a whole. Since 2000, iron scrap has been gone, due to the active sale of it abroad, the cost of pig iron and foundry has increased dramatically, in addition, the cost of their delivery increased. This led to higher prices in the production of castings made of synthetic iron, due to the increase in the cost of batch materials. In addition, there were problems with the use of acidic lining, as the cheapest and having a high resistance, as a part of the metal began to use an increased amount of scrap steel and, for this reason, to raise the melting temperature above 1450 Celsius. For this reason, the efficiency of production must be paid great attention.

Specialty of Сarbon-Carbid-Silicic Mixture Using (UKKS) as Substitute of Re-Carburizing Agent and Ferrosilicon for Grey Iron Melting

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 696-701
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Kukartsev ◽  
Vladislav V. Kukartsev ◽  
Vadim S. Tynchenko
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Induction Crucible Furnaces ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technology Of Production ◽  
Grey Iron ◽  
Industrial Frequency

In the transition to modern high intensive processes of smelting there had been reversed technologies structures to get carbon content in cast iron. A re-carburizing agent, that can be one of the most significant reasons of occurrence of defects of the cast, and deformed metal and decrease of the level of properties have been identified. There was not only made the decarburizing agent of modern technology of production of pig-iron essential element (particularly synthetic), but also resulted in many of variants of its realization from the standpoint of level decarburizing, type, using re-carburizing method of decarburizing technological phase, where enter of carbonaceous materials. Particularly sharply process of execution re-carburizing influences receipt of synthetic pig-iron in induction crucible furnaces of industrial frequency from metal works, which contained 80-90% of steel breakage. Then, it is necessary to raise the content of carbon from 0,3 to 3,0-3,8% (depending on the pig-iron mark). It forces foundry enterprises to approach with big care at a choice of existing materials, which it is possible to use as decarburizing and to verify carefully, which is appearing at the market. In work application there are considered variants of using carbon-carbide-silicon mixture UKKS-31 at melting of grey pig-iron in induction, crucible furnaces, intended for pig-iron melting. The cost comparison is presented between traditional technology and with using mix UKKS-31.

The Peculiarities of Smelting of Wear-Resistant Cast Iron IChH28N2 in the Induction Crucible Furnace IChT10

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 397-402
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Kukartsev ◽  
Vladislav V. Kukartsev ◽  
Vadim S. Tynchenko
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Arc Furnaces ◽  
Iron Smelting ◽  
Crucible Furnace ◽  
Iron Scrap ◽  
Induction Crucible Furnaces ◽  
Industrial Frequency

Wear-resistant cast iron smelting is produced in electric arc furnaces, due to the use of steel scrap in metal charge, ferrochrome and refund if there is one. Scrap of cast iron with the necessary chemical composition is not present because the proportion of manufacturing parts from wear-resistant cast iron is very small. Thus, there is no opportunity to form castings of wear-resistant cast iron using foundries equipped only with induction crucible furnaces of industrial frequency (IChT), since the furnace is designed for melting temperatures not above 1500 °C. In addition, the lining of induction furnaces of industrial frequency is made of quartzite, which provides the necessary durability when operating at temperatures not above 1500 °C. The ability to manufacture blanks from wear-resistant cast iron gives an additional opportunity to expand the range of orders and prevent a reduction in production in factories equipped only with the smelting furnaces of the IChT. The article describes the peculiarities of smelting cast iron IChH28N2 in the furnace IChT10 with acid lining. The technology of conducting melting on pure charge materials without use of cast iron scrap and return is briefly described.

Estimating the Borrowing Behavior of French and German Firms. An Econometric Analysis / Verschuldungsverhalten französischer und deutscher Unternehmen. Eine ökonometrische Analyse

2001 ◽  
Vol 221 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kremp ◽  
Elmar Stöß
Keyword(s):  
Firm Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Monetary Transmission ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Deutsche Bundesbank ◽  
The Cost

SummaryThis paper investigates the borrowing behavior of 2,900 French and 1,300 German firms over the 1987-95 period. Both samples based on data sets of the Banque de France and the Deutsche Bundesbank not only include large but also small and medium-sized enterprises. Applying GMM techniques, we estimate identical debt equations for the two total samples and by size class. Despite the large differences between the two countries in term of debt trends over time and size class the main result is the similarity of a few determinants between France and Germany. E.g. we find that firm growth has a positive impact on borrowing according to the theory of signalling whereas the negative correlation of profit and debt supports pecking order approach and the cost of finance has a negative impact on leverage, too. Additionally, the study can provide some insights for the monetary transmission mechanism in both EMU member countries.

scholarly journals Investigation Into Effect Of Crude Mixture Of Abrus Precatorius Seed On Hypothalamopituitary Gonadal Axis And Development Of Antifertility In Male Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Talukder ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
S Sarker ◽  
MAH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Crude Mixture

To evaluate the antifertility effect of crude mixture of A. precatorius seeds at the dose level of 50 mg/kg body weight in adult male rats, after oral administration to male rats for 40 days, the rats were sacrificed and hormonal profiles, serum biochemistry, sperm count and histological changes were recorded. A sharp decrease in the serum levels of testosterone (0.70 ± 0.17 ng/ml), FSH (0.70 ± 0.22 lU/L), and LH (0.87 ± 0.35 IU/L) was detected compared to control (FSH, LH and testosterone levels 0.93 ± 0.15 ng/ml, 0.76 ± 0.28 IU/L, 1.44 ± .011 IU/L, respectively). A significant reduction of epididymal sperm count (2.34 million/mL) was noted in treated rats as compared to control group (7.87 million/mL). Histology of testes showed marked atrophy of the testes, which was characterized by disruption of the seminiferous epithelium and atrophy of the Leydig cells. Crude mixture of A. precatorius seed has a negative impact on male reproductive functions. It might be suggested that crude mixture of A. precatorius seeds might have antifertility property for male rats.   Keywords: Abrus precatorius; antifertility; male rat; testosterone. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i1.9234 BJAR 2011; 36(1): 103-109

scholarly journals ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN HYDROLOGICAL REGULATION ECOSYSTEM SERVICE FROM THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF UNAUTHORIZED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Kobzar
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Solid Waste Landfills

The problem of the formation of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills is very urgent in the world. Municipal solid waste landfills affect the state of ecosystem assets of territorial communities and, accordingly, the flow of ecosystem services. The economic assessment of qualitative and quantitative changes of ecosystem services as a result of the negative impact of unauthorized landfills is a basic element of an effective policy in the field of municipal solid waste management. One of the ecosystem services, the assessment of which is given a lot of attention in the scientific literature is the hydrological regulation ecosystem service. The aim of the research is the economic assessment of changes in hydrological regulation ecosystem service from the negative impact of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills. In the scientific literature, the economic assessment of hydrological regulation ecosystem service is considered as a function of the increase in the river or underground runoff and the cost of water. It is proposed to calculate the economic assessment of changes in hydrological regulation ecosystem service from the negative impact of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills as a function of: the magnitude of the change in groundwater flow in the summer from the negative impact of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfill; tax rates for water abstraction from an underground source; landfill area; the coefficient of changes in the structure of the ecosystem within the landfill (destruction of vegetation cover); the area of impact of the landfill (outside the landfill) on the ecosystem; coefficient of change in the area of impact of the landfill. Changes in the hydrological regulation ecosystem service from the negative impact of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills on the territory of the Korostyshevskaya territorial community of the Zhytomyr region have calculated. The main problems of assessing changes in hydrological regulation ecosystem service from the negative impact of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills are identified: obtaining reliable and complete factual information about changes in underground runoff and the characteristics of the ecosystem from the negative impact of unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills within the landfill and the zone of its influence. Due to the insignificant value of the cost of changing the hydrological regulation ecosystem service, it was concluded that it is inexpedient to take it into account when making managerial decisions about small and low-power unauthorized municipal solid waste landfills.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Shock and Consumer Credit: Evidence from Credit Card Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (008) ◽  
pp. 1-55
Author(s):  
Akos Horvath ◽  
◽  
Benjamin Kay ◽  
Carlo Wix ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Credit Card Data ◽  
Pandemic Severity ◽  
The Impact

We use credit card data from the Federal Reserve Board's FR Y-14M reports to study the impact of the COVID-19 shock on the use and availability of consumer credit across borrower types from March through August 2020. We document an initial sharp decrease in credit card transactions and outstanding balances in March and April. While spending starts to recover by May, especially for risky borrowers, balances remain depressed overall. We find a strong negative impact of local pandemic severity on credit use, which becomes smaller over time, consistent with pandemic fatigue. Restrictive public health interventions also negatively affect credit use, but the pandemic itself is the main driver. We further document a large reduction in credit card originations, especially to risky borrowers. Consistent with a tightening of credit supply and a flight-to-safety response of banks, we find an increase in interest rates of newly issued credit cards to less creditworthy borrowers.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Capital Structure Choice: Evidence from Bangladeshi FMCG Companies

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Kh Khaled Kalam ◽  
An-Nisha Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Total Asset ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Structure Choice

This paper offers empirical proof of Bangladesh's theories of capital markets and analyses the effects of the failure to introduce a secondary capital market in relation to Bangladesh. The findings from the cross-sectional OLS regression demonstrate that both the static deal theory and the cost theory of the organisation are applicable to the capital structure of the Bangladesh Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies. The lack of a secondary market will affect the costs of an entity because shareholders unable to decommission their shares may place pressure on management to behave in their best interests. We analyse in this paper, using a sample of 5 Bangladeshi FMCG companies for the period from 2014 to 2019, the determinants of Bangladesh's Debt to Total Asset. This study reveals that Bangladesh's listed Food and Allied company's average leverage ratio is close to that of other countries in the growth of the economy. The study also shows that the Company's Profitability is strongly and positively linked to the asset structure, Size, Profitability, growth and business risks. A firm's Size has a statistically significant negative impact on Debt to Total Asset.

scholarly journals HRM in Relation To Employee Motivation and Job Performance in the Hospitality Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andries J. du Plessis ◽  
Nalinh Douangphichit ◽  
Patrick Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Food Services ◽  
High Level ◽  
Main Factor

The hospitality industry refers to organisations that provide accommodation and food services for people when they travel. The hospitality industry is also known as a “people business”. The hotels and catering organisations underperform, still deliver inadequate services, and provide limited facilities compared to similar businesses in the same region. This can have a negative impact on the tourism industry in Laos. HRM potentially contributes to employee work performance in the organisation. The performance of employees in hotel organisations can be judged or measured by their attentiveness, their friendliness, their appearances, their attitudes, and the way they carry out and perform their assigned tasks. Most of the respondents feel that their organisations create the conditions whereby they are motivated to work harder. The hotel industry recognises the importance of training in relation to their work performed. The main factor that brings about high level of job satisfaction and motivation is salary.

Public-private partnerships: A profitability analysis of the partnerships in the energy sector in Albania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostandin Nasto ◽  
Junada Sulillari
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The aim of this study is to realize an analysis of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in Albania. Our focus will mainly be the PPPs in the energy sector. Public-private partnerships contracts have experienced a significant increase in the last decades in Albania. They have had a great impact on public finances of the country, this is why they have often been “attacked” for the negative impact that they might have on the actual and especially the future of the country. We will work to make a comparative analysis of the cost and benefits that Albania has had from signing these contracts. We will also work to analyze the management of these public-private partnerships during the pandemics, which will be helpful to reveal the possible difficulties that the government might have in managing them. Something that has inspired us to make a deeper analysis of them is related to the energy crises that the country has experienced in the last years. We want to “dig” deeper in order to see if these PPPs are really worth it or not. Is it worth or it brings a burden for the actual and future generations of Albania?

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