Mechanical Extraction of Neem Seed Kernel (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) Harvesting in Ninh Thuan, Viet Nam by Using Hydraulic Pressing: Effect of Processing Parameters

2022 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 437-444
Author(s):  
Dinh Nhat Do ◽  
Hoang Danh Pham ◽  
Xuan Tien Le ◽  
Minh Tuan Le ◽  
Ngoc Phuong Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Pressing Time

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) oil has been widely used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The oil was extracted by the hydraulic press at the pilot scale. The effect of various critical factors such as the morphology of material, moisture of the neem seed, applied pressure, a number of presses turn, pressing time on the oil yield was considered. It was found that the oil yield increased with increasing applied pressure and pressing time. The moisture content of the neem seed kernel has a great influence on the oil yield, the higher the moisture content, the harder it is to recover the oil. The highest oil yield of 378mL/kg dry seed kernel was obtained at 190 MPa, 4% moisture content for 10 minutes of pressing per turn, and 3 turns of pressing. The main ingredients in neem kernel oil were oleic acid (45.9%), stearic acid (18%), palmitic acid (16.9%), and linoleic acid (15.65%). The results obtained can be used in the production of Neem oil at an industrial scale.

Performance of neem products on the storability of mungbean[Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babariya C. A. ◽  
Patel J. B. ◽  
Ribadiya Ribadiya ◽  
K. H. Sondarva Jyoti ◽  
Bhatiya V. J.
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vigour Index

The present investigation was carried out in laboratory of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh from August, 2013 to June, 2015, wherein two kg of freshly harvested quality seed of mungbean cv. GM 4 having high germination percentage and low moisture content (below 8%) was taken for each repetition and given the treatments. The experiment was carried out using completely randomized design (CRD). After proper mixing or smearing, seeds were packed in 500 gauge polythene bags and kept in laboratory under ambient condition. Observations were recorded at bimonthly interval on germination (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm), seedling dry weight (g), seed vigour index I, seed vigour index II and seed moisture content (%). The results indicated that all the treatments exhibited significant difference for all the traits studied except shoot length after two years of storage. The Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards in mungbean for germination percentage is 75 per cent. Looking to the germination percentage and Seed vigourindex I and II, among all the treatments, T1 (Neem Seed kernel powder @ 5 g/kg seed), T2 (Neem seed kernel powder @ 10 g/kg seed), T3 (Neem Cake @ 5g/kg Seed) and T4 (Neem Cake @ 10g/kg Seed) recorded the higher values for these traits and can be recommended as a seed treatment before storage for maintaining the seed germination and seedling vigour for more than two years.

Water-washed neem (Azadirachta indica juss) seed kernel cake as a cattle feed

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nath ◽  
S. Rajagopal ◽  
A. K. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

SUMMARYNeem (Azadirachta indica juss) seed kernel cake was water treated and dried in the sun. It was palatable to cattle, despite its bitter smell.Twelve growing calves were divided into two equal groups; one group (control) had a standard concentrate mixture consisting of crushed maize 30 parts, groundnut cake 30 parts, wheat bran 38 parts and in the second group (experimental) the concentrate mixture had crushed maize 30 parts, neem seed kernel cake (water washed) 45 parts and wheat bran 23 parts. Both the mixtures had common salt and mineral mixture 1 part each. The roughage fed was the same in both groups.The mean growth rate of calves in 273 days was 403 g/day in the control group and 344 g/day in the experimental group which did not differ significantly (P > 0·05). The dry-matter intake, digestibilities of all the organic nutrients, total digestible nutrient values and the balances of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus remained similar (P > 0·05) in the two groups. The blood haemoglobin, serum inorganic phosphorus and the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase, serum acid phosphatase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase also did not differ significantly (P > 0·05) in the two groups.It is concluded that water washing of neem seed kernel cake very largely removes toxic principles responsible for retardation in growth.

The use of water-washed neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cake in the feeding of buffalo calves

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Agrawal ◽  
A. K. Garg ◽  
K. Nath
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
New Protein

A new protein supplement in the form of water-washed neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cake for tropical countries such as India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and also for tropical regions of Australia, Africa, the Middle East and South-East Asia which could be successfully fed to cattle has been reported by Nath, Rajgopal & Garg (1983). The adverse effect of the bitter or toxic principles contained in the neem seed kernel cake could be removed by water washing. It has a potential of providing Rs.350 million worth of additional feed in India alone and if all the neem seeds produced in India could be harvested and utilized for the preparation of oil, the production of the cake could reach 7–8 times its present value.

Volatile Organic Chemicals Emissions from OSB as a Function of Processing Parameters

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Barry ◽  
D. Corneau
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Volatile Organic Chemicals ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Resin Curing

Summary The effects of the oriented strand board (OSB) furnish drying temperature and moisture content on VOC emissions were evaluated and compared to those of the OSB pressing time and temperature and resin content. Results clearly showed the important role played by the drying temperature on the strand emissions. A decrease of emissions is observed when the furnish at a given original moisture content had been exposed to increasingly high temperatures. Also, the combined effect of moisture content and heating temperatures showed an increase of the detected TVOC as moisture content and the temperature increased. At a very high temperature however, the furnish at low moisture content started to degrade, and an increase in the emission level could be observed. The results showed that emissions from oriented strand board (OSB) panels were more sensitive to resin content and pressing time. The Box-Behnken statistical linear model used to treat the data revealed that a linear fitting better correlates our results. The correlation between the internal bond (IB) and the panel's emissions indicated a decrease in emissions as the quality of the board (IB) increases in agreement with better resin curing. The acquisition of more data will certainly be helpful to support this preliminary study.

CFD Simulation and Experimental Validation of Solidification of Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) in the Presence of Cooled Fibers

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Amano ◽  
J. Xie ◽  
E. K. Lee ◽  
P. K. Rohatgi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Primary Alpha ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Solidification Of Metal

A new experimental configuration for the casting of metal matrix composites (MMCs) using Al-4.5 wt pct Cu have been used to obtain finer microstructures around the fiber reinforcement. The new configuration allows the fibers to be extended out the mold and cooled by a heat sink. By doing so, the solidification can be made more rapid, and more primary alpha-aluminum phase can be formed on the surface of the fibers. It is believed that this can lead to improvement in the properties of the composite. CFD simulation of the solidification of Al-4.5 wt pct Cu in the casting process has been carried out by using commercial CFD code. Parametric studies on the effects of different processing parameters on solidification time have been simulated using the CFD code. These parameters include, but are not limited to, the pouring temperature of the liquid melt, sink temperature, fiber length extended out of the mold, the mold initial temperature, fiber conductivity, applied pressure, and fiber bundle diameter. Selected simulation results are compared with the available experimental data obtained from the UWM Center for Composites.

Variations in the Compression Strength of Cylindrical Samples Made of Dense Hydroxyapatite

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Dorozhkin ◽  
Oguzhan Gunduz ◽  
Faik N. Oktar
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions ◽  
Cylindrical Samples ◽  
Spray Dried

Dense bioceramics made of pure hydroxyapatite (HA) was prepared and characterized. The cylindrical samples were compacted from HA powders of diverse pretreatments; namely, from spray-dried HA, calcined HA and mixtures thereof. The samples were prepared by a hydraulic press under different compaction loads both with and without auxiliary compounds (a binder and a lubricant). Both the total mass and geometrical dimensions of the prepared cylinders were measured. Then, the cylindrical samples were sintered at 1200 °C for 4 hours. After cooling down to ambient temperature, the sintered cylinders were weighed and their geometrical dimensions were measured once again. Mass decreasing and the shrinkage degree were calculated as a result. Afterwards, the compression strength of the sintered cylinders was measured by an Instron 5587 machine. Preparation of dense HA bioceramics possessing the highest possible compression strength was the purpose of this study. The necessary processing parameters were discovered.

Deformation Induced Percolating Porosity In High Pressure Torsioned (HPT) Copper

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Wegner ◽  
Jörn Leuthold ◽  
Sergiy V. Divinski ◽  
Daria Setman ◽  
Michael Zehetbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Impurity Concentration ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
Radiotracer Technique ◽  
Degree Of Deformation ◽  
Radio Tracer ◽  
Structural Aspects

Copper of different purity levels (4N, 5N) produced by High Pressure Torsion (HPT) with varying processing parameters is investigated utilizing the radiotracer technique. While the degree of deformation is constant, the effect of the applied quasi-hydrostatic pressure and of the impurity concentration on the as deformed samples is analysed. By applying the radio tracer method micro structural aspects are revealed that are not easily accessible by conventional methods. The measurements indicate the formation of a percolating porosity during the HPT process as a function of the applied pressure and (although less pronounced) of the impurity concentration.

scholarly journals Effect Of Preserved Seeds Using Different Botanicals On Seed Quality Of Lentil

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Khatun ◽  
G Kabir ◽  
MAH Bhuiyan ◽  
D Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Leaf Powder

Laboratory studies were conducted with leaf powder of three plants to show the preservative effect for maintaining the quality of lentil seeds in storage. After processing and drying, seeds were preserved with different botanicals and stored them in earthen pots for eight months. Botanicals, such as whole leaf powder of neem (Azadirachta indica), dholkalmi (Ipmoea sepiara), and bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper) were used at a dose of 5% w/w (25 g botanical per 500 g of lentil seeds). The lentil seeds were stored till next planting time and seed quality, such as moisture content, germination capacity, root length, shoot length of the seedlings and vigour index were observed. The highest values for all these characters except moisture content were significant when the seeds were preserved with neem leaf powder and bishkatali. Among three botanicals, dholkalmi was less effective. Keywords: Lentil; botanicals; storage; seed quality DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9266 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 381-387

Analysis on Kinematic Characteristics of Precision Balls Grinding

2012 ◽  
Vol 497 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Yong Dai ◽  
Dong Hui Ding ◽  
Xu Xiao ◽  
Xue Shi Liu ◽  
Rui Jiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Normal Movement ◽  
Motion State ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
The Difference

In the process of grinding precision balls, the motion state of balls has an important influence on the efficiency and quality. However, the normal movement of balls will be damaged because of slipping, so it must be avoided. Besides, to process different materials of balls, it should use different processing parameters. This paper studies a numerical analysis on the kinematic characteristics of the motion of balls, analyzes processing parameters which impact the motion of balls during grinding and the difference of the motion state of bearing balls and resin balls. Study shows grinding pressure and plate speed have a great influence to the motion of balls during grinding.

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