The 3-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction Microscope and its Applications to Recrystallization Studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 426-432 ◽  
pp. 3599-3604
Author(s):  
Erik M. Lauridsen
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional

The 3-Dimensional Molecular Structure of the Actin Filament Revisited

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
R. Millonig ◽  
H. Salvo
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filament ◽  
Supramolecular Assembly ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Filament Diameter ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Apparent Diameter

To date, most 3-D reconstructions of undecorated actin filaments have been obtained from actin filament paracrystal data (for refs, see 1,2). However, due to the fact that (a) the paracrystals may be several filament layers thick, and (b) adjacent filaments may sustantially interdigitate, these reconstructions may be subject to significant artifacts. None of these reconstructions has permitted unambiguous tracing or orientation of the actin subunits within the filament. Furthermore, measured values for the maximal filament diameter both determined by EM and by X-ray diffraction analysis, vary between 6 and 10 nm. Obviously, the apparent diameter of the actin filament revealed in the EM will critically depend on specimen preparation, since it is a rather flexible supramolecular assembly which can easily be bent or distorted. To resolve some of these ambiguities, we have explored specimen preparation conditions which may preserve single filaments sufficiently straight and helically ordered to be suitable for single filament 3-D reconstructions, possibly revealing molecular detail.

Recrystallization of AA1050 Studied by 3DXRD

2006 ◽  
Vol 519-521 ◽  
pp. 1569-1578
Author(s):  
Dorte Juul Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orientation Relationships ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Kinetics Of

By 3 dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) using high energy X-rays from synchrotron sources it is possible to study in-situ the nucleation and growth during recrystallization. In this paper it is described and discussed how 3DXRD can supplement EBSP measurements of nucleation and growth. Three types of studies are considered: i) orientation relationships between nuclei and parent deformed matrix, ii) recrystallization kinetics of individual bulk grains and iii) filming of growing grains in deformed single crystals.

The 3-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscope: 3D maps of grains and grain dynamics in polycrystalline materials

2003 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Lauridsen ◽  
S. F. Nielsen ◽  
L. Margulies ◽  
S. Schmidt ◽  
H. F. Poulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Grain Dynamics

scholarly journals Synthesis of clathrate cerium superhydride CeH9 at 80-100 GPa with atomic hydrogen sublattice

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh P. Salke ◽  
M. Mahdi Davari Esfahani ◽  
Youjun Zhang ◽  
Ivan A. Kruglov ◽  
Jianshi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Detailed Chemistry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Laser Heated ◽  
Very High

Abstract Hydrogen-rich superhydrides are believed to be very promising high-Tc superconductors. Recent experiments discovered superhydrides at very high pressures, e.g. FeH5 at 130 GPa and LaH10 at 170 GPa. With the motivation of discovering new hydrogen-rich high-Tc superconductors at lowest possible pressure, here we report the prediction and experimental synthesis of cerium superhydride CeH9 at 80–100 GPa in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell coupled with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Ab initio calculations were carried out to evaluate the detailed chemistry of the Ce-H system and to understand the structure, stability and superconductivity of CeH9. CeH9 crystallizes in a P63/mmc clathrate structure with a very dense 3-dimensional atomic hydrogen sublattice at 100 GPa. These findings shed a significant light on the search for superhydrides in close similarity with atomic hydrogen within a feasible pressure range. Discovery of superhydride CeH9 provides a practical platform to further investigate and understand conventional superconductivity in hydrogen rich superhydrides.

Orientations of Recrystallization Nuclei Studied by 3DXRD

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 1285-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorte Juul Jensen ◽  
A.W. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Boundary Migration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deformation Microstructure ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Nucleation Mechanisms ◽  
Crystallographic Orientations

A critical point in the understanding of recrystallization textures is the development of crystallographic orientations of the nuclei. Here an issue, which has been debated much recently [eg. 1], is if nuclei have orientations identical to those of the deformation microstructures from which they originate or not. Traditional nucleation mechanisms like strain induced boundary migration [2] and particle stimulated nucleation [3] operate with nuclei orientations identical to the “parent”deformation microstructure. This is also what is commonly incorporated in recrystallization modeling. However, a number of studies have found recrystallization nuclei in orientations that were not expected from measurements on deformed structures. Some of these results are reviewed and discussed in this paper, and new in-situ results obtained by the 3 dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXR) method are presented.

Structure of Glass and Liquid Studied with a Conical Nozzle Levitation and Diffraction Technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 2012-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akitoshi Mizuno ◽  
Shinji Kohara ◽  
Seiichi Matsumura ◽  
Masahito Watanabe ◽  
J.K.R. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Conical Nozzle ◽  
Atomic Configuration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synchrotron Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
The Third

Two topics are described for structure analyses of glass and liquid using a combination of conical nozzle levitation (CNL) technique and diffraction experiments. The structure of high-purity bulk forsterite (Mg2SiO4) glass synthesized by a CNL technique has been determined by a combination of high-energy x-ray, neutron diffraction, and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling technique. The 3-dimensional atomic configuration derived from RMC modeling revealed that unusual network structure. In order to study structures of high-temperature and undercooled liquids, a CNL system has been developed and integrated with the two-axis diffractometer for glass, liquid, and amorphous materials at SPring-8, which is one of the third-generation synchrotron source. High-energy x-ray diffraction experiments were performed to obtain reliable diffraction data for the liquid phase of metallic glass-forming Zr-Cu binary alloys.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Hirshfeld Surfaces Analysis and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Two New ZnII and CdII Halidometallates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ali rayes ◽  
Manel moncer ◽  
Irene Ara ◽  
Dege Necmi ◽  
Brahim Ayed
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Chair Conformation ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract Two new organic-inorganic hybrid materials, based on 1,3-CycloHexaneBis-(Methyl Amine), abbreviated CHBMA, namely(H2CHBMA)ZnCl4.2H2O (CP1) and (H2CHBMA)CdI4.2H2O (CP2), have been synthesized under mild conditions in acidic media and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic techniques (13C NMR, FT-IR, RAMAN) and thermal analysis. The crystal structures of the two compounds were solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Both compounds show a 3-dimensional supramolecular structure directed by various interactions between tetrahalidometallate anions (ZnCl42-, CdI42-), water molecule and organic cations (H2CHBMA)2+. For both compounds, the cyclohexane ring of the template cation is in a chair conformation with the methyl-ammonium substituent in the equatorial positions and the two terminal ammonium groups in a cis conformation but with two different orientations (upward for CP1 and downward for CP2) which influences the supramolecular architecture of the two structures. Hirshfeld surface analysis and the associated two-dimensional finger print plots were used to explore and quantify the intermolecular interactions in the crystals.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopy of Dibutyl Ester-Ether Fluorescein

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1443-1446
Author(s):  
Ke Liang Zhang ◽  
Ning Sheng Zhang ◽  
Chen Tun Qu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Crystal And Molecular Structure ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Absorption And Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dibutyl Ester

The title compound has been prepared from the reaction of fluorescein and 1-bromobutane in the presence of potassium carbonate. Its crystal and molecular structure is determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Its crystal is monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with lattice parameters: a = 8.0460(19) Å, b = 13.198(3) Å, c = 22.208(5) Å, α = 90.00º, β = 94.140(3)º, γ = 90.00º, V= 2352.1(9)Å3, Density (calculated) 1.228 mg /m3, μ(mm-1) = 0.08, absorption coefficient = 0.082m−1, F(000) 1034, Z = 4. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O-H hydrogen bands are responsible for the formation of a 3-dimensional net-work. The UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of both dibutyl ester-ether fluorescein was studied.

Si/Ge Strained-Layer Epitaxy: Sil−xGex Alloy Buffer Layers and Ultra-Short Period SimGen Superlattices.

1990 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ospelt ◽  
J. Henz ◽  
E. MÜller ◽  
H. Von KÄnel
Keyword(s):  
Period Doubling ◽  
Interface Roughness ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTSil−xGex alloy layers and ultra-short period SimGen superlattices on alloy buffer layers of the same concentration have been grown by MBE. The superlattices as a whole have been shown to have the lattice constant of the underlying alloy buffer layer, the individual Si and Ge layers being fully strained. Samples with a graded Ge content have been used to study the relaxation as a function of Ge content by means of X-ray diffraction and RBS and channeling.Transmission electron spectroscopy reveals that interface roughness is not simply statistical in these superlattices. Rather, electron diffraction shows additional features from a period doubling in the (111) directions, indicating that a corresponding interfacial ordering occurs. These features show 2- or 3-dimensional behavior depending on the thickness of the Si and Ge layers in the superlattices. Annealing studies show these features to persist even for annealing temperatures where the superlattices disintegrate into alloys.

scholarly journals Crystal structures of perovskite halide compounds used for solar cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Oku
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Double Perovskite ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Atomic Coordinates

AbstractThe crystal structures of various types of perovskite halide compounds were summarized and described. Atomic arrangements of these perovskite compounds can be investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Based on the structural models of basic perovskite halides, X-ray and electron diffractions were calculated and discussed to compare with the experimental data. Other halides such as elemental substituted or cation ordered double perovskite compounds were also described. In addition to the ordinary 3-dimensional perovskites, low dimensional perovskites with 2-, 1-, or 0-dimensionalities were summarized. The structural stabilities of the perovskite halides could be investigated computing the tolerance and octahedral factors, which can be useful for the guideline of elemental substitution to improve the structures and properties, and several low toxic halides were proposed. For the device conformation, highly crystalline-orientated grains and dendritic structures can be formed and affected the photo-voltaic properties. The actual crystal structures of perovskite halides in the thin film configuration were studied by Rietveld analysis optimizing the atomic coordinates and occupancies with low residual factors. These results are useful for structure analysis of perovskite halide crystals, which are expected to be next-generation solar cell materials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document