Study of the Potentiality of Residue from Kaolin Industry as Ceramic Raw Material to Produce Porcelanate Gres

2005 ◽  
Vol 498-499 ◽  
pp. 420-424
Author(s):  
M.A.F. Ramalho ◽  
Lisiane Navarro de Lima Santana ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Hélio Lucena Lira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

The recycling of industrial residues has being intensified all over the world, mainly due to the increase of the impact to the environment, and the growing volume of solid residues that put in risk the public health and degrade the natural resources. So, the aim of this work is to study the potentiality of the residue from kaolin industry, as ceramic raw material to produce porcelanate gres. A composition was formulated, mixed and forming by pressing (from 30 MPa to 50 MPa). After, it was sinterized at temperatures of 1180°C, 1200°C, 1220°C and 1240°C. The samples were submitted to physical and mechanical tests and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The preliminary results from physical and mechanical properties showed that the residue can be used to produce porcelanate gres according to Brasilian Norms (NBR 13818), at temperatures of 1220°C and 1240°C.

Preliminary Preparation and Characterization Studies of Cellulose from Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Saadah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of hardwood include flowers, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of cellulose obtained from hardwood. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Alkaline treatment and delignification methods were used for the preparation of cellulose. Acid hydrolysis was employed to produce cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The treated and untreated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The final product, from both trated and untreated samples were then compared.

Effect of Nickel on Titanium Carbide Synthesized via Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 384-388
Author(s):  
Sharifah Aishah Syed Salim ◽  
Julie Juliewatty Mohamed ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Elemental Powder Mixture ◽  
Scanning Electron

Numerous methods have been used to produce high purity TiC. There is no previous study has been reported on the formation using single elemental powders of Titanium (Ti) and Carbon (C) with addition Nickel (Ni) by tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld method. In this work, TiC was synthesized via TIG method by arc melting elemental powder mixture of Ti and C at ~5 second (s) and 80 ampere (A). The effect Ni contents on TiC formation was investigated. The mixed raw material was ball milled for 24 hours followed by synthesis via TIG method. The arced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was revealed, that small amount of Ni additive to the metal powder allows the production of dense and tough TiC.

Comparison of Mo-10Nb Alloy Target Materials Prepared by Different Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
You Jun Lu ◽  
Jun Feng Hou ◽  
Zhen Xia Yuan ◽  
Wen Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alloy Target ◽  
Hot Pressing Sintering ◽  
Sintering Condition ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Mo powder and Nb powder was used as raw material, the Mo-10Nb alloy target was prepared by different sintering condition (non-pressure sintering and hot pressing sintering). The density, phase composition, microstructure and elemental distribution of Mo-10Nb alloy targets were determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that prepared by hot pressing Mo-10Nb alloy target density of 9.618 g/cm3, grain size 20 ~ 30μm, Mo and Nb element distribution.

Morphology Control of the Nano-MnO2 by Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Shi Lei Zhang ◽  
Ben Niu ◽  
Enlei Qi ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jie Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystal Forms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Microwave Hydrothermal ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, KMnO4 was used as raw material, nano-MnO2 with different morphologies such as flowers globular, hollow tubular and rodlike were obtained by the microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis under the acidic condition. The crystal structure and morphology of the resultant MnO2 were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. The elements and content of samples were tested by Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). The influence of reaction temperature and holding time on crystal forms and morphologies of the MnO2 was analyzed.

SYNERGISTIC REINFORCEMENT OF ORGANOCLAY AND DOUBLE NETWORKING IN NATURAL RUBBER

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedayatollah Sadeghi Ghari ◽  
Zahra Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Double Network ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Extension Ratio ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Research was undertaken on natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with organoclays. A double-network (DN) structure is formed when a partially cross-linked elastomer is further cross-linked during a state of strain. Two methods were used in the preparation of NR/organoclay nanocomposites: the ordinary method (single-network NR nanocomposite) and double-networked NR (DN-NR) nanocomposites. The single-networked NR nanocomposites were used for comparison. The effects of organoclay (5 phr) with a different extension ratio on curing characteristics, mechanical properties, hardness, swelling behavior, and morphology of single- and double-networked NR nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that double-networked NR nanocomposites exhibited higher physical and mechanical properties. The tensile strength of DN-NR nanocomposites increased up to 33 MPa (more than four times greater than that of pure NR) and then decreased with an increasing extension ratio. Modulus and hardness continuously increased with an increased extension ratio. The microstructure of the NR/organoclay systems was studied by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effects of different extension ratios on the dispersion of organoclay layers in the nanocomposites were investigated. Generally, results showed that the optimized extension ratio in DN nanocomposites was equal (or about or around) to α= 2.

scholarly journals Investigation of deformation and microstructure of bainite in Cu-9.97%Al-4.62%mn alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Aldirmaz ◽  
I. Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Deformation Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deformation Test ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, some physical and mechanical properties in Cu-9.97%Al-4.62%Mn (wt%) alloy were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and compression deformation test. Bainite phase were obtained in the samples according to SEM and XRD analyses. Compression stress was applied on the alloy in order to investigate the deformation effect on the bainite phase transformation. On the surface of the Cu-9.97%Al-4.62%Mn alloy after the deformation, both bainite and martensite variants formed.

scholarly journals Studi Material Tanah Longsor Akibat Gempa Lombok 2018

Teras Jurnal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nurjati Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Pada umumnya, tanah longsor terjadi dengan skala yang kecil dan dampak yang dihasilkan tidak parah sebagaimana letusan gunung berapi, gempa atau tsunami. Namun, perhatian terhadap bencana ini seringkali diabaikan oleh masyarakat dan perencanaan pembangunan kota. Ada beberapa faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam meneliti tanah longor, salah satunya adalah mineral tanah. Dalam studi ini, sampel tanah diambil dari Lombok Utara akibat dari gempa Lombok 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengelompokkan tanah berdasarkan USCS dan AASTHO, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis mineralogi menggunakan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) dan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Berdasarkan klasifikasi USCS, tanah termasuk kategori pasir berlanau dan campuran lanau (SM); dan lempung anorganik dengan plastisitas rendah sampai sedang, lempung berkerikil, lempung berpasir, lempung berlanau, lempung kurus (lean clays). Pada klasifikasi AASHTOO, hasilnya adalah tanah berlanau (A-4); kerikil dan pasir yang berlanau atau berlempung (A-2-4); dan pasir halus (A-3). Berdasarkan hasil mineralogi menggunakan XRD dan SEM, material utama pada sampel tanah adalah Albite Calcian, Microline and Kuarsa.</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Kata kunci: <em>longsor,</em><em> mineralogi, XRD, SEM</em><em></em></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Landslides generally occur on a small scale and the impact is not as severe as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, or tsunamis. However, attention to these disasters is often ignored by the community and city development planning. In assessing the factors causing landslides there are many factors that need to be considered, one of which is soil minerals. The samples of soil in this study were taken from North Lombok as a result of the 2018 earthquake. This research is conducted by classifying the soil based on USCS and AASHTO, then proceed with mineralogical analysis using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Based on USCS classification, the result of the analysis shows that soil samples have a classification of silty sand, and silt mixtures (SM); and inorganic clays or low to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays (CL). For AASHTO classification, the result shows the sample belong to silty soil (A-4), silty or clayey gravel sand (A-2-4) and fine sand (A-3). Based on the results of mineralogical analysis using XRD and SEM, it is known that the dominant minerals making up the soil in the sample are Albite Calcian, Microline and Quartz</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Keywords: <em>landslide, mineralogy, XRD, SEM</em><em></em></p><em></em><em></em>

scholarly journals MICRO-MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE USED AS RECYCLED RAW MATERIAL IN CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITE

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Hrbek ◽  
Veronika Koudelková ◽  
Zdeněk Prošek ◽  
Pavel Tesárek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

The reduction of industrial pollution is recently one of main goals over all fields. In civil engineering, re-cycling of structural waste provides wide opportunity contributing this effort. This paper focus on re-use of concrete waste, which after further processing can be used in new constructions as partial supplement to the mixture. To investigate the impact of re-cycled concrete addition, it is necessary to determine mechanical and structural parameters of individual phases in the “raw” material. For this purpose, grid indentation and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM, EDX) are combined to determine properties of concrete sample.

Synthesis of Coal Dust Depressor and its Application in Preventing Coal Dust

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 2301-2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Qin Cheng ◽  
Shu Yan Cheng ◽  
Yan Xia Guo ◽  
Li Qiong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stock Pile ◽  
Scanning Electron

A novel coal dust depressor was prepared by alkalization and etherficayion reactions using wastepaper as raw material. The sample was characterized by means of FTIR spectroscopy (FTIR)、scanning electron microscopy (SEM)、X-ray diffraction (XRF) and viscometer measurements. The coal dust inhibitor was developed to suppress flying dust over coal dump and conveyor. The result shows that flying coal dust was prevented by intrinsic viscosity of coal dust depressor which was sprayed on the surface stock pile can make the surface material bond with each other to form layer of crust, having a role of dust prevention. Application of the coal dust depressor can reduce the losses of coal and protect the environment from being polluted.

Prepared of Flower-Like CuO via CTAB-Assisted Hydrothermal Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Ling Zou ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Jian Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Monoclinic Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Flower-like CuO nanostructures have been prepared via cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted hydrothermal method. Here, CuCl2•2H2O was used as copper raw material, and sodium hydroxide was used as precipitate. The resulting CuO powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern exhibited the nanocrystalline nature with monoclinic structure for the as-synthesized nanostructures. FESEM images indicated that the flower-like CuO nanostructures are composed of many interconnected nanosheets in size of several micrometers in length and width and 60-80 nm in thickness. The possible formation mechanism of flower-like CuO nanostructures was discussed.

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