Recycling of Steel Sludge into Red Ceramic

2006 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Andrade ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira ◽  
Sérgio Neves Monteiro ◽  
F. Vernilli Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Uniaxial Pressure ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Kaolinitic Clay ◽  
Density Linear

The present paper has for objective to evaluate the effect of fine steel sludge waste incorporation on the properties and microstructure of a kaolinitic clayey body used to the fabrication of bricks and roofing tiles. Compositions were prepared with additions of waste of 0, 5 and 10 wt.% in a kaolinitic clay from the county of Campos dos Goytacazes, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To determine the technological properties such as bulk density, linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength, specimens were prepared by uniaxial pressure at 20 MPa and then fired in a laboratory furnace at 700°C, 900°C and 1100°C. The microstructure of the fired specimen was evaluated by SEM. The results showed that the incorporation up to 10 wt. % of fine steel sludge does not change the ceramic properties, specially, at low temperatures. Hence, the recycling of steel sludge into red ceramic fabrication can be considered as an environmentally correct solution for the final disposal of this type of waste.

Quality Technological Properties of Foundry Exhaust Dust as Alternative Ceramic Coating Raw Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
Luiz Oliveira Veriano dalla Valentina ◽  
Marilena Valadares Folgueras ◽  
Wanessa Rejane Knop ◽  
Maria Cristina Pacheco do Nascimento ◽  
Glaucia Aparecida Prates
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Ceramic Coating ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Foundry Industry ◽  
Ceramic Manufacturing ◽  
Materials Used

The work evaluates the possibility of the use the exhauster powder generated in the foundry process in ceramic mass atomized semigre type. The raw materials used were semi-stoneware kind atomized powder used on the coating ceramic manufacturing and dust exhaust byproduct supplied by a foundry industry both from brazilian industries . Tests were conducted using a heating rate of 10o.C / min and oxidant and / or inert atmosphere. Specimens contained different amounts of byproduct to the extent of 30% by mass, in order to verify the maximum addition of byproduct and were used in order to analyze the technological properties evaluation (water absorption linear shrinkage, bulk density). at the temperature of 1100 ° C showed higher difference between the results obtained and 1200o C this difference decreased.

scholarly journals Identification of an appropriate body composition for red clay products

Cerâmica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (339) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hettiarachchi ◽  
J. T. S. Motha ◽  
H. M. T. G. A. Pitawala
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Silt Fraction ◽  
Quality Product

This study focuses on the identification of an appropriate composition of raw materials for ceramic products from commonly available red clays in Sri Lanka. The raw materials were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, chemical and mineralogical composition. Different formulations of samples were prepared, and the linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength of the final products were measured. Microstructures of fired samples were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The best quality product was obtained when the sample contains a high amount of illite clay in a mixture of 80 wt.% clay-silt and 20 wt.% sand. The presence of higher concentrations of the metal oxides Na2O, K2O and Fe2O3 (total ~21 wt.%) in the clay-silt fraction of samples has resulted in obtaining higher technological properties of the body. The flexural strength and the water absorption of the product are 26.82 MPa and 6.51% respectively. If the raw materials contain lower amounts of the oxides Na2O, K2O and Fe2O3, higher amounts of clay-silt fraction (up to 90 wt.%) must be added to obtain an optimum quality product.

Development of Ceramics Based on Clays from Different Regions in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Pereira Babisk ◽  
Angélica Pereira Ribeiro ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
The State ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
The North ◽  
Technical Properties ◽  
Density Linear

The state of Rio de Janeiro, southeast of Brazil, has two poles of conventional clay ceramic production, mainly bricks and roofing tiles. In the north region of the state, the county of Campos dos Goytacazes and in the state center, the county of Itaborai, present distinct types of clay. With the aim to improve some characteristics of the Campos dos Goytacazes clay, the objective of this work was to investigate different mixtures with the Itaborai clay. Samples were press-molded with compositions of 0, 25, 50 and 75 wt% of both clays. The samples were fired at 800°C and the technical properties related to plasticity, density, linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength were determined. The results indicated that the superior performance of the Itaborai clay significantly improves that of the Campos dos Goytacazes clay for any incorporated percentage. The mechanisms and reasons for these results are discussed.

Fabrication and Characterization of Ceramic Floor Tiles from Coal Gangue

2011 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Liang Xu ◽  
De Liang Chen ◽  
Hai Long Wang ◽  
Hong Xia Lu ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Main Material

Coal gangue was used as the main material to fabricate floor tiles in this paper. The mixture of coal gangue, quartz, feldspar and bentonite, with the weight percentage of 55, 20, 20 and 5, was wetly milled, dried, and then pressed into green compacts. The obtained compacts were sintered at 1180-1240 oC and the floor tiles were obtained. The obtained tiles were characterized by XRD, SEM, linear shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density and flexural strength. The results indicate that the tiles were composed of glassy phases, quartz and mullite phases. The phase composition, microstructure, physico-mechanical properties of the samples change with the sintering temperature. The tile sintered at 1220 oC achieves the linear shrinkage, water absorption and bulk density values of 6.18%, 0.16%, 2.45 g/cm3, respectively. Its flexural strength reaches the maximum of 92.0 MPa.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Kaolinitic Raw Materials from the Lokoundje River (Kribi, Cameroon) for Ceramic Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6118
Author(s):  
Paul-Désiré Ndjigui ◽  
Jean Aimé Mbey ◽  
Soureiyatou Fadil-Djenabou ◽  
Vincent Laurent Onana ◽  
Elie Constantin Bayiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Mineral Assemblage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Physical Chemical

Eight kaolinitic materials from the Lokoundje River at Kribi were sampled and investigated for their physical, chemical, mineralogical and thermal characteristics in order to evaluate their potential suitability as raw materials in ceramics. The Lokoundje kaolinitic materials are clayey to silty clayey and are predominantly composed of kaolinite and quartz. The alkali (Na2O + K2O) content ranges between 1 and 2.5 wt.%; these low values do not favor vitrification of the ceramics but may be improved through flux amendment. The presence of goethite in some samples limits their utilization in white ceramics. The minerals content, color, metallic sound, cohesion, linear shrinkage, flexural strength, bulk density, water absorption and microstructure were determined. The XRD data reveal that kaolinite and goethite were transformed, respectively, into mullite and hematite. The colors of the fired products are characteristic of their mineral assemblage. The metallic sound is indicative of low vitrification which is confirmed by the presence of cracks due to low flux contents. The cohesion is good to very good, due to the abundance of kaolinite. The physicomechanical properties increase with temperature as well as densification. The geochemical data show that the Lokoundje alluvial clays are suitable for the manufacture of white stoneware tiles.

scholarly journals Processing of red ceramic using a fast-firing cycle

Cerâmica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (347) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Saleiro ◽  
J. N. F. Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Firing Cycle ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Red Ceramics ◽  
Fast Firing

This work reports on the processing of red ceramic for civil construction using fast-firing cycles. The firing cycle is an important variable in the processing of red ceramic materials, which contributes to a high consumption of energy. The red ceramic pieces were prepared by industrial extrusion and fired at firing temperatures varying from 700 ºC to 1100 ºC using different firing cycles (slow-firing cycle - 1º C/min and fast-firing cycle - 10 ºC/min and 20 °C/min). The technological properties (linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent density, and flexural strength) as function of the firing temperature and firing cycle are investigated. The development of the microstructure was followed by SEM/SEI. The results showed that fast-firing red ceramics exhibits technological properties and microstructure comparable to conventionally fired red ceramics, resulting in great advantages in energy saving.

Use of Nepheline-Syenite, Talc and Kaolinitic Clay to Obtain Ceramic Tiles

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kênia Oliveira Teixeira ◽  
Sérgio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Nepheline Syenite ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Uniaxial Pressure ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Standard Specification ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Kaolinitic Clay ◽  
Density Linear

This work has for objective to obtain vitrified ceramic tiles by adding nepheline-syenite flux and talc to a kaolinitic clay from Campos dos Goytacazes. Specimens were prepared by uniaxial pressure at 30 MPa followed by firing at 1100, 1150 and 1200oC. The fired specimens were submitted to the following tests: bulk density, linear shrinkage, three point bending mechanical strength and water absorption. The microstructure of the ceramic was evaluated by SEM. The results showed that the incorporation of nepheline-syenite and talc significantly enhanced the properties of the clay making it possible to attain the standard specification corresponding to vitrified ceramic tile.

Reformulation of a Kaolinitic Clay Ceramic Body with Sand and Flux Clay for Roofing Tiles Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 965-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira ◽  
Sérgio Neves Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Ceramic Product ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Kaolinitic Clay ◽  
Press Molding

A ceramic body traditionally used to produce bricks and roofing tiles was reformulated by the addition of sand and illitic clay. The objective was to obtain a ceramic product with better technological properties. Specimens were made by uniaxial press-molding at 20 MPa and then fired at temperatures varying from 850 to 1100°C. The determined technological properties were: linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural rupture strength. The results showed that both sand and illitic clay contribute to reduce the water absorption of the industrial clayey body. With respect to the flexural behavior, it was observed that the incorporation of sand decreased the mechanical strength. On the other hand, the illitic, incorporated in an amounts of 30 wt.% contributed to increase the mechanical strength of the clayey ceramic.

Effect of Alumina (Al2O3) to the Properties of Whiteware Porcelain

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Hamdan Yahya ◽  
Aspaniza Ahmad ◽  
Ismail Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Porcelain Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alumina Content ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Mullite Phase

The effect of Al2O3 to the properties of whiteware porcelain such as water absorption, bulk density, flexural strength and crystalline phases were studied systematically. The result shows that the addition of alumina at maximum 5 wt.% in porcelain bodies increased the flexural strength of the fired bodies which can reach 55.5 MPa, 30% higher than 0.0% alumina content. However, slight decrease in the other physical and mechanical properties was observed with Al2O3 addition higher than 5 wt.%, which is believed to be due to increased corundum phase compared to mullite phase in porcelain body.

Assessment of the Technological Properties of High Temperature Fired Clayey Ceramics Incorporated with Glass Waste

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 449-454
Author(s):  
Alline Sardinha Cordeiro Morais ◽  
Thais Mardegan Louzada ◽  
Veronica Scarpini Candido ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Mauricio Fontes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Higher Temperature

The incorporation of industrial wastes into clayey ceramics used in civil construction is becoming a worldwide procedure not only to provide an environmentally correct destination for the waste but, in some cases, to improve the ceramic properties. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of incorporation of a glass powder waste from decontamination process of fluorescent lamps into clayey ceramics. This evaluation was performed based on the technological properties of water absorption, linear shrinkage ad flexural strength. The properties evaluation was complemented by optical microscopy structural observation. The glass waste was incorporated in up to 30 wt% and specimens were uniaxially pressed at 20 MPa and fired at a relatively higher temperature of 1000°C. The results confirmed a substantial improvement of both the water absorption and the strength with glass waste incorporation into clayey ceramics.

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