3D Tomographic EBSD Measurements of Heavily Deformed Ultra Fine Grained Cu-0.17wt%Zr Obtained from ECAP

2008 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Khorashadizadeh ◽  
Myrjam Winning ◽  
Dierk Raabe
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Orientation Microscopy ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Fine Grained Structure

Obtaining knowledge on the grain boundary topology in three dimensions is of great importance as it controls the mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials. In this study, the three dimensional texture and grain topology of as-deformed ultra fine grained Cu-0.17wt%Zr have been investigated using three-dimensional orientation microscopy (3D electron backscattering diffraction, EBSD) measurements in ultra fine grained Cu-0.17wt%Zr. Equal channel angular pressing was used to produce the ultra fine grained structure. The experiments were conducted using a dual-beam system for 3D-EBSD. The approach is realized by a combination of a focused ion beam (FIB) unit for serial sectioning with high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with EBSD. The work demonstrates that the new 3D EBSD-FIB technique provides a new level of microstructure information that cannot be achieved by conventional 2D-EBSD analysis.

A Direct and Quantitative Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Internal Structure of Disordered Mesoporous Carbon with Tailored Pore Size

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Balach ◽  
Flavio Soldera ◽  
Diego F. Acevedo ◽  
Frank Mücklich ◽  
César A. Barbero
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quantitative Characterization ◽  
Resorcinol Formaldehyde ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
A New Technique

AbstractA new technique that allows direct three-dimensional (3D) investigations of mesopores in carbon materials and quantitative characterization of their physical properties is reported. Focused ion beam nanotomography (FIB-nt) is performed by a serial sectioning procedure with a dual beam FIB-scanning electron microscopy instrument. Mesoporous carbons (MPCs) with tailored mesopore size are produced by carbonization of resorcinol-formaldehyde gels in the presence of a cationic surfactant as a pore stabilizer. A visual 3D morphology representation of disordered porous carbon is shown. Pore size distribution of MPCs is determined by the FIB-nt technique and nitrogen sorption isotherm methods to compare both results. The obtained MPCs exhibit pore sizes of 4.7, 7.2, and 18.3 nm, and a specific surface area of ca. 560 m2/g.

scholarly journals Development of Advanced Biodevices Using Quantum Beam Microfabrication Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko G. Oyama ◽  
Atsushi Kimura ◽  
Naotsugu Nagasawa ◽  
Kotaro Oyama ◽  
Mitsumasa Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Gene Expression Control ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Microfabrication Technology

Biodevices with engineered micro- and nanostructures are strongly needed for advancements in medical technology such as regenerative medicine, drug discovery, diagnostic reagents, and drug delivery to secure high quality of life. The authors produced functional biocompatible plastics and hydrogels with physical and chemical properties and surface microscopic shapes that can be freely controlled in three dimensions during the production process using the superior properties of quantum beams. Nanostructures on a biocompatible poly(L-lactic acid) surface were fabricated using a focused ion beam. Soft hydrogels based on polysaccharides were micro-fabricated using a focused proton beam. Gelatin hydrogels were fabricated using γ-rays and electron beam, and their microstructures and stiffnesses were controlled for biological applications. HeLa cells proliferated three-dimensionally on the radiation-crosslinked gelatin hydrogels and, furthermore, their shapes can be controlled by the micro-fabricated surface of the hydrogel. Long-lasting hydrophilic concave structures were fabricated on the surface of silicone by radiation-induced crosslinking and oxidation. The demonstrated advanced biodevices have potential applications in three-dimensional cell culture, gene expression control, stem cell differentiation induction/suppression, cell aggregation into arbitrary shapes, tissue culture, and individual diagnosis in the medical field.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Structural Interrelations between Cells, Extracellular Matrix and Mineral in Vertebrate Mineralization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyong Zou ◽  
Tengteng Tang ◽  
Elena Macías-Sánchez ◽  
Sanja Sviben ◽  
William J. Landis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Small Channels

AbstractThe spatial-temporal relationship between cells, extracellular matrices and mineral deposits is fundamental for an improved understanding mineralization mechanisms in vertebrate tissues. By utilizing focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy with serial surface imaging, normally mineralizing avian tendons have been studied with nanometer resolution in three dimensions with volumes exceeding tens of microns in range. These parameters are necessary to yield fine ultrastructural details while encompassing tissue domains sufficient to provide a comprehensive overview of the interrelationships between the tissue structural constituents. Investigation reveals a novel complex cellular network in highly mineralized tendon aspects, where ∼100 nm diameter canaliculi emanating from cell (tenocyte) lacunae surround extracellular collagen fibril bundles. Canaliculi are linked to smaller channels of ∼40 nm diameter, occupying spaces between fibrils. Close to the tendon mineralization front, calcium-rich globules appear between the fibrils and, with time, mineral propagates along and within collagen. These close associations between tenocytes, canaliculi, small channels, collagen and mineral suggest a new concept for the mineralization process, where ions and/or mineral precursors may be transported through spaces between fibrils before they crystallize along the surface of and within the fibrils.Significance StatementThe basic mechanism by which vertebrate collagenous tissues are mineralized is still not fully elucidated, despite the importance of this process for skeletal formation and regeneration. Through three-dimensional imaging of the cellular network together with the extracellular matrix and mineral deposits, the present work investigates normally mineralizing avian leg tendon as a model system for vertebrates in general. The data support a mechanism where mineral ions and possible mineral precursors are initially present in interfibrillar collagen spaces and are subsequently translocated to neighboring collagen fibrils. Mineral particles then nucleate in association with collagen to form the well known collagen-mineral composite material of the skeleton.

The brittle fracture of polycrystalline zinc

2007 ◽  
Vol 463 (2085) ◽  
pp. 2129-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M Hughes ◽  
G.E Smith ◽  
P.E.J Flewitt ◽  
A.G Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Fracture Process ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Polycrystalline Zinc

In polycrystalline materials, grain boundaries provide an important contribution to the resistance to the propagation of both brittle and ductile cracks. Initially, in this paper, a three-dimensional geometrical model of the brittle fracture of polycrystalline zinc is developed, assuming a single (0001) cleavage plane in each grain. The model predicts that about one-half of the fracture process of the material will be associated with accommodation effects at grain boundaries. In contrast, experimental work over a range of temperatures shows that at low temperatures very little grain boundary failure occurs. There are two reasons for this discrepancy. Firstly, cleavage occurs on (0001) and also on the three variants of the {10-10} planes and secondly, deformation twinning plays a major role in the fracture process. The characteristics of these phenomena have been investigated in detail using focused ion beam microscopy, including subsurface examinations and metallographic techniques. The models were then extended to incorporate these additional mechanisms. Comparisons between the predictions and the experimental observations are discussed and enable information to be deduced about the relative energies of the different fracture mechanisms.

Automated X-Ray Elemental Analysis in Three Dimensions Using a Dual Beam-Focused Ion Beam System

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 248-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Schaffer ◽  
Julian Wagner ◽  
Hartmuth Schröttner ◽  
Mario Schmied
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam System ◽  
Dual Beam

scholarly journals Three-dimensional structural interrelations between cells, extracellular matrix, and mineral in normally mineralizing avian leg tendon

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (25) ◽  
pp. 14102-14109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyong Zou ◽  
Tengteng Tang ◽  
Elena Macías-Sánchez ◽  
Sanja Sviben ◽  
William J. Landis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Surface Imaging ◽  
Mineralization Process ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Small Channels

The spatial-temporal relationship between cells, extracellular matrices, and mineral deposits is fundamental for an improved understanding of mineralization mechanisms in vertebrate tissues. By utilizing focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy with serial surface imaging, normally mineralizing avian tendons have been studied with nanometer resolution in three dimensions with volumes exceeding tens of micrometers in range. These parameters are necessary to yield sufficiently fine ultrastructural details while providing a comprehensive overview of the interrelationships between the tissue structural constituents. Investigation reveals a complex lacuno-canalicular network in highly mineralized tendon regions, where ∼100 nm diameter canaliculi emanating from cell (tenocyte) lacunae surround extracellular collagen fibril bundles. Canaliculi are linked to smaller channels of ∼40 nm diameter, occupying spaces between fibrils. Close to the tendon mineralization front, calcium-rich deposits appear between the fibrils and, with time, mineral propagates along and within them. These close associations between tenocytes, tenocyte lacunae, canaliculi, small channels, collagen, and mineral suggest a concept for the mineralization process, where ions and/or mineral precursors may be transported through spaces between fibrils before they crystallize along the surface of and within the fibrils.

scholarly journals Fundamentals of Focused Ion Beam Nanostructural Processing: Below, At, and Above the Surface

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren J. MoberlyChan ◽  
David P. Adams ◽  
Michael J. Aziz ◽  
Gerhard Hobler ◽  
Thomas Schenkel
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Doses

AbstractThis article considers the fundamentals of what happens in a solid when it is impacted by a medium-energy gallium ion. The study of the ion/sample interaction at the nanometer scale is applicable to most focused ion beam (FIB)–based work even if the FIB/sample interaction is only a step in the process, for example, micromachining or microelectronics device processing. Whereas the objective in other articles in this issue is to use the FIB tool to characterize a material or to machine a device or transmission electron microscopy sample, the goal of the FIB in this article is to have the FIB/sample interaction itself become the product. To that end, the FIB/sample interaction is considered in three categories according to geometry: below, at, and above the surface. First, the FIB ions can penetrate the top atom layer(s) and interact below the surface. Ion implantation and ion damage on flat surfaces have been comprehensively examined; however, FIB applications require the further investigation of high doses in three-dimensional profiles. Second, the ions can interact at the surface, where a morphological instability can lead to ripples and surface self-organization, which can depend on boundary conditions for site-specific and compound FIB processing. Third, the FIB may interact above the surface (and/or produce secondary particles that interact above the surface). Such ion beam–assisted deposition, FIB–CVD (chemical vapor deposition), offers an elaborate complexity in three dimensions with an FIB using a gas injection system. At the nanometer scale, these three regimes—below, at, and above the surface—can require an interdependent understanding to be judiciously controlled by the FIB.

scholarly journals Analysis of polycrystalline microstructure of AlMgSc alloy observed by 3D EBSD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Kopeček ◽  
Jakub Staněk ◽  
Stanislav Habr ◽  
Filip Seitl ◽  
Lukas Petrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Data Set ◽  
3D Data

The aim of this paper is to evaluate an ambitious imaging experiment and to contribute to the methodology of statistical inference of the three-dimensional microstructure of polycrystalline materials. The microstructure of the considered Al-3Mg-0.2Sc alloy was investigated by three-dimensional electron backscattered diffraction (3D-EBSD), i.e., tomographic imaging with xenon plasma focused ion beam (Xe-FIB) alongside EBSD. The samples were subjected to severe plastic deformations by equal channel angular dressing (ECAP) and annealed subsequently prior to the mapping. First we compared the misorientation level needed for  a reliable segmentation of grains distinguishing between conventional evaluation of two-dimensional cuts and the 3D data set. Then, using methods of descriptive spatial statistics, various morphological characteristics of a large number of grains were analyzed, as well as the crystallographic texture and the spatial distribution of grain boundaries. According to the results stated so far in the literature, an even microstructure was expected, nevertheless local inhomogeneities in grains and grain boundaries with regard to their size, texture and spatial distribution were observed and justified.

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