PVDF-PAn Co-Polymer with High Permittivity Fabricated by Emulsion Polymerization

2009 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 512-517
Author(s):  
Yan Guo ◽  
D.B. Luo ◽  
Dong Pan ◽  
Han Xing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Fine Property ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns

With eEmploying dichloromethane as solvent, sodium dodecanesulphonate as surface active agent, ammonium persulphate as oxidizer, PAn was introduced into PVDF and co-polymer with high relative permittivity reaching to 280 was obtained by emulsion polymerization. By detecting the structural information and electrical property through FT-IR, XRD, SEM, informations about the co-polymers were presented and in this paper. By adjusting the quantity of aniline in polymerization and the concentrations of protonic acid in the post processing, polymers with different electric properties could bewere compared and analyzed. It was The SEM images and XRD patterns showed the crystallization and microstructure information of the co-polymers in comparison. Particularly, the SEM images showed that the PVDF-PAn co-polymers had homogeneous properties in certain constitute range and as a result of emulsion, spherical PAn-PVDF media was fabricated. After robber mixing procedure at certain temperature, the PAn had a relatively average-fine dissolving in the PVDF, which overcame the difficulty of dissolving PAn oin other substrateance. This ensured the fine property for the matrix material in composites. The XRD pattern showed, wWith the increasing of the introduction quantity of PAn, the crystallization of the entire material complex had been raised greatly.

Study on the preparation and properties of polyamide/chitosan nanocomposite fabricated by electrospinning method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahyar Fazeli ◽  
Faegheh Fazeli ◽  
Tamrin Nuge ◽  
Omid Abdoli ◽  
Shokooh Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Amine Groups

Abstract The principal intention of this work is to fabricate and characterize the polyamide/chitosan nanocomposite by a novel single solvent method through the electrospinning procedure. The thermal properties and morphology of prepared nanocomposite are studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). TGA exposed that the primary decomposition temperature is reduced with rising of chitosan content in the nanocomposites and origin disintegration temperature for polyamide/chitosan nanocomposites is perceived to be in the range from 300 to 500°C. Also, FE-SEM images demonstrated that the nanofibers of chitosan have good adhesion on the matrix and are well-oriented. Besides, the crystallinity and structural characteristics of the polyamide/chitosan nanocomposites are investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The results of XRD proved that the successful blending of chitosan in polyamide is achieved via the electrospinning method. FT-IR results demonstrate that the nanofibers are consist of amine groups. Also, the electrical properties of the nanocomposite improved with the increasing content of chitosan and the conductivity of the polyamide/chitosan 5 wt% demonstrates the maximum current of 0.3 nA. Besides, the sheet resistance of the composite reduced 118 to 20 × 109 Ω with raising the chitosan volume from 0 to 5 wt%.

Preparation and Characterization of Copolymerized Aminohexylaminomethyl/Phenylsilsesquioxane Microparticles

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiu Feng Wang ◽  
Cheng Long Yu
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Ordered Structure ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Tetraethylammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Poly (aminohexylaminomethyl/phenyl) silsesquioxane (PAHAMPSQ) microparticles with diameter of 350 nm were synthesized by the hydrolytic condensation of aminohexylaminomethyltriethoxysilane (AHAMTES) and phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES) in the presence of H2O by using tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) catalysts. PAHAMPSQ containing both aminohexylaminomethyl and phenyl groups were confirmed from FT-IR, TGA. XRD patterns indicate that a certain ordered structure existed in PAHAMPSQ molecules. Contents of amino of PAHAMPSQ were determined by elemental analysis. SEM images show both granular and flake exist in PAHAMPSQ microparticles. Yield of PAHAMPSQ in different AHAMTES/PETS molar ratios was about 80%. PAHAMPSQ offers the potential utility as building blocks for divers and novel organic/inorganic materials.

scholarly journals GREEN SYNTHESIS OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Hanh Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Thao Huu Vo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Copper Salts ◽  
Sem Images

Nanoparticles of metal and metallic oxides have become a very active research area in the field of material chemistry. The surface effect is mainly responsible for deviation of the properties of nano-materials from that of the bulk. Nanosize copper oxide was synthesized by hydrolysis of copper salts in basic medium using biodegradable non-ionic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) as surface active agent The X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRD) present typical peaks of copper oxides formed. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images determined the shape and the nanosizes of the particles of about 10-30nm. The results exhibited the role of intermediate nanosize copper hydroxide species on the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. The influence of synthesis temperature, reaction time, calcination temperature, etc. was studied.

Synthesis of conductive nanocomposites based on polyaniline/poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)/polystyrene

e-Polymers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Najafi Moghadam ◽  
E Nazarzadeh Zareh
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Conductive Films ◽  
Conductive Nanocomposites ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractConducting polyaniline (PANI) nano particles doped with HCl was synthesized by a sonochemical method. Polyaniline/poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid)/polystyrene composites with different polyaniline content were developed by solution-dispersion blending method. The influence of poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) concentration in composite structure was also investigated. The composite dispersed solution in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was cast to fabricate conductive films with evaporation of the solvent. With only a mixing procedure and without any dispersant added, the PANI nanoparticles were well dispersed in the matrix polymer as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The conductivity of obtained composites was measured with four probe technique. All of obtained composites have conductivity and between them, the maximum electrical conductivity was 2.4 S/cm. The obtained composites were characterized by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Rietveld refinement, morphology and optical properties of (Ba1−xSrx)MoO4crystals

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1434-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Nogueira ◽  
L. S. Cavalcante ◽  
P. F. S. Pereira ◽  
M. M. de Jesus ◽  
J. M. Rivas Mercury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Rietveld Refinement ◽  
Structural Refinement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Ft Raman

In this article, the structural refinement, morphology and optical properties of barium strontium molybdate [(Ba1−xSrx)MoO4withx= 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1] crystals, synthesized by the co-precipitation (drop-by-drop) method, are reported. The crystals obtained were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, and Fourier transform–Raman (FT–Raman) and Fourier transform–infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopies. The shapes of the crystals were observed by means of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The optical properties were investigated using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. XRD patterns, Rietveld refinement, and FT–Raman and FT–IR spectra showed that all of the crystals are monophasic with a scheelite-type tetragonal structure. The refined lattice parameters and atomic positions were employed to model the [BaO8], [SrO8] and [MoO4] clusters in the tetragonal lattices. The FE-SEM images indicate that increasedxcontent produces a decrease in the crystal size and modifications in the crystal shape. UV–Vis spectra indicated a decrease in the optical band gap with an increase inxin the (Ba1−xSrx)MoO4crystals. Finally, a decrease in the intensity of PL emission is apparent with an increase inxup to 0.75 in the (Ba1−xSrx)MoO4crystal lattice when excited by a wavelength of 350 nm, probably associated with the degree of structural order–disorder.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL 4-AMINO-DECYLPYRIDINIUM BROMIDE CATIONIC SURFACTANT

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
PARAG MADAAN ◽  
V. K. TYAGI
Keyword(s):  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
E Coli ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Ft Ir

4-Amino-decylpyridinium bromide (ADPBr), an antimicrobial surface active agent, was synthesized by quaternization of 4-aminopyridine (AP) with decyl bromide (DBr). The reaction was carried out at 1:1.2 molar ratio of reactants (4-aminopyridine and decyl bromide, respectively) at 200°C for 10 min. The maximum yield of the product was 74.6%. The structure of the synthesized product was characterized by using modern analytical techniques, such as FT-IR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR. The antimicrobial activity of the salt was evaluated with minimum inhibition concentration method and showed good activity against gram-negative bacteria. The MIC of the salt was found to be 600 ppm for 2 × 104 CFU/mL of E. coli.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF CHITIN/CLAY BIO-NANOCOMPOSITES

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 659-665
Author(s):  
NEVIN ÇANKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Chitin, which is composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) units linked by β-(1,4) linkage, makes up the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as crustaceans (e.g., crabs, lobsters and shrimps) and insects, the radulae of mollusks, and the beaks of cephalopods, including squid and octopuses. Both chitin and clay are sustainable materials, as they are low cost, biodegradable and readily available. That is why, in this study, sodium montmorillonite (CNa) nanoclay and 1-140 (C15A) organo-nanoclay were used as nanofiller support in the preparation of chitin/clay bio-nanocomposites. Trichloroacetic acid was used to dissolve the chitin and to disperse the clay in the chitin solution. Chitin/CNa and chitin/C15A bio-nanocomposites were synthesized by the solution-induced intercalation method. The effect of the nanofiller on the bio-nanocomposite was investigated by varying the loading rates as follows: 1, 3 and 5% by weight. The composites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SEM methods. The XRD patterns and SEM images showed that the clay dispersion in the chitin biopolymer matrix presented an exfoliated structure. It was noted that neither the nanoclay nor the organo-nanoclay used in the synthesis of the bio-composites affected the formation of the exfoliated structure. This result can be attributed to the use of a low amount of clay. These newly synthesized bio-composites, which are environmentally friendly and sustainable, can find application in many different areas in the future.

Polishing process effect on the image of dispersed precipitates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 534-535
Author(s):  
C.T. Hu ◽  
C.W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Material ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Precipitate Particle ◽  
Polishing Process ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Surface Profiles ◽  
Thinning Process

One important problem in determination of precipitate particle size is the effect of preferential thinning during TEM specimen preparation. Figure 1a schematically represents the original polydispersed Ni3Al precipitates in the Ni rich matrix. The three possible type surface profiles of TEM specimens, which result after electrolytic thinning process are illustrated in Figure 1b. c. & d. These various surface profiles could be produced by using different polishing electrolytes and conditions (i.e. temperature and electric current). The matrix-preferential-etching process causes the matrix material to be attacked much more rapidly than the second phase particles. Figure 1b indicated the result. The nonpreferential and precipitate-preferential-etching results are shown in Figures 1c and 1d respectively.

Application of cross correlation to HREM images of surfaces

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 754-755
Author(s):  
D. E. Luzzi ◽  
L. D. Marks ◽  
M. I. Buckett
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Fourier Filtering ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Data Reduction Technique

As the HREM becomes increasingly used for the study of dynamic localized phenomena, the development of techniques to recover the desired information from a real image is important. Often, the important features are not strongly scattering in comparison to the matrix material in addition to being masked by statistical and amorphous noise. The desired information will usually involve the accurate knowledge of the position and intensity of the contrast. In order to decipher the desired information from a complex image, cross-correlation (xcf) techniques can be utilized. Unlike other image processing methods which rely on data massaging (e.g. high/low pass filtering or Fourier filtering), the cross-correlation method is a rigorous data reduction technique with no a priori assumptions.We have examined basic cross-correlation procedures using images of discrete gaussian peaks and have developed an iterative procedure to greatly enhance the capabilities of these techniques when the contrast from the peaks overlap.

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