scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF CHITIN/CLAY BIO-NANOCOMPOSITES

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 659-665
Author(s):  
NEVIN ÇANKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Chitin, which is composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) units linked by β-(1,4) linkage, makes up the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as crustaceans (e.g., crabs, lobsters and shrimps) and insects, the radulae of mollusks, and the beaks of cephalopods, including squid and octopuses. Both chitin and clay are sustainable materials, as they are low cost, biodegradable and readily available. That is why, in this study, sodium montmorillonite (CNa) nanoclay and 1-140 (C15A) organo-nanoclay were used as nanofiller support in the preparation of chitin/clay bio-nanocomposites. Trichloroacetic acid was used to dissolve the chitin and to disperse the clay in the chitin solution. Chitin/CNa and chitin/C15A bio-nanocomposites were synthesized by the solution-induced intercalation method. The effect of the nanofiller on the bio-nanocomposite was investigated by varying the loading rates as follows: 1, 3 and 5% by weight. The composites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SEM methods. The XRD patterns and SEM images showed that the clay dispersion in the chitin biopolymer matrix presented an exfoliated structure. It was noted that neither the nanoclay nor the organo-nanoclay used in the synthesis of the bio-composites affected the formation of the exfoliated structure. This result can be attributed to the use of a low amount of clay. These newly synthesized bio-composites, which are environmentally friendly and sustainable, can find application in many different areas in the future.

scholarly journals Analytical Instrumentation Techniques of FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX for Adsorption Methods of Ni2+ Ions onto Low Cost Adsorbent

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1324-1328
Author(s):  
Ajithkumar M ◽  
Arivoli S
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Action ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Nano Carbon ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Treated Carbon

The present study investigates the possible removal of Ni2+ ions from aqueous solution by using low-cost Hygrophila auriculata activated nano carbon (HA-ANC) as an adsorbent. The activated nano carbon had been prepared from Hygrophila auriculata stem waste as well; the raw material was carbonized with con. H2SO4 and activated by thermal action. Batch experiments were performed in order to calculate the percentage removal of Ni2+ ions for 90.737% at 60 oC. The properties of treated carbon and untreated carbon are compared using instrumental techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDX, which confirms Ni2+ ions adsorption onto HA-ANC. FT-IR showed that the surface of HA-ANC had more oxygen containing functional groups which enhanced the adsorption of Ni2+. XRD showed the nature of adsorbent, SEM images implies morphological deviance of before and after adsorption of Ni2+ onto HA-ANC and EDX showed that the C content of HA-ANC were higher than that of Ni2+/ HA-ANC.

Preparation and Characterization of Copolymerized Aminohexylaminomethyl/Phenylsilsesquioxane Microparticles

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiu Feng Wang ◽  
Cheng Long Yu
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Ordered Structure ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Tetraethylammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Poly (aminohexylaminomethyl/phenyl) silsesquioxane (PAHAMPSQ) microparticles with diameter of 350 nm were synthesized by the hydrolytic condensation of aminohexylaminomethyltriethoxysilane (AHAMTES) and phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES) in the presence of H2O by using tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) catalysts. PAHAMPSQ containing both aminohexylaminomethyl and phenyl groups were confirmed from FT-IR, TGA. XRD patterns indicate that a certain ordered structure existed in PAHAMPSQ molecules. Contents of amino of PAHAMPSQ were determined by elemental analysis. SEM images show both granular and flake exist in PAHAMPSQ microparticles. Yield of PAHAMPSQ in different AHAMTES/PETS molar ratios was about 80%. PAHAMPSQ offers the potential utility as building blocks for divers and novel organic/inorganic materials.

scholarly journals Hybrid Biocomposites Based on Used Coffee Grounds and Epoxy Resin: Mechanical Properties and Fire Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Nguyen ◽  
Quang Tung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Studies on using biomaterials hybridized with other materials to produce biomaterials have been paid more attention due to their low cost, abundance, renewability, and degradability. Therefore, these materials are ecofriendly and nontoxic to humans. A large number of used coffee grounds (SCGs) are often discarded and replacements are necessary for dealing with environmental problems. This work developed sustainable materials by reusing SCGs. Used coffee grounds were mixed with epoxy resin at different amounts: 30 wt %, 40 wt %, 50 wt %, and 60 wt %. SCGs were treated with 0.5 N NaOH, at SCGs/NaOH ratio of 1 : 2. SEM images showed that the material with 30 wt % SCGs has good compatibility without phase division on the SCGs-epoxy interface. Results of mechanical properties of epoxy composites with 30 wt % SCGs are as follows: tensile strength of 44.81 ± 10 MPa, flexural strength of 80.07 ± 0.16 MPa, compressive strength of 112.56 ± 0.11 MPa, and Izod strength and impact of 8.21 ± 0.19 kJ/m2. In terms of flame-retardant properties, the oxygen index is limited to 20.8% ± 0.20 and the burning rate according to UL94HB is 27.02 ± 0.29 mm/min. The obtained results indicate that it is possible to produce biohybrid composites from epoxy resin and SCGs. This work offers an ecofriendly alternative method to use the waste of the coffee industry. It contributes to improvements of the general characteristics of composites such as mechanical, thermal, and flame-retardant properties. This work proved that SCGs have a high potential to be used in a wide range of composite materials for civil engineering applications.

scholarly journals In situ thermal decomposition route: Preparation and characterization of nano nickel, cobalt, and copper oxides using an aromatic amine complexes as a low-cost simple precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Moamen S. Refat ◽  
Soha F. Mohamed ◽  
Tariq A. Altalhi ◽  
Safyah B. Bakare ◽  
Ghaferah H. Al-Hazmi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Spinel Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Average Size

Abstract The main interest now is the development of metallic or inorganic-organic compounds to prepare nanoparticle materials. The use of new compounds could be beneficial and open a new method for preparing nanomaterials to control the size, shape, and size of the nanocrystals. In this article, the thermal decomposition of [M2(o-tol)2(H2O)8] Cl4 (where o-tol is ortho-tolidine compound, M = Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+) new precursor complex was discussed in solid-state conditions. The thermal decomposition route showed that the synthesized three complexes were easily decomposed into NiO, Co3O4 and CuO nanoparticles. This decomposition was performed at low temperatures (~600°C) in atmospheric air without using any expensive and toxic solvent or complicated equipment. The obtained product was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). FT-IR, XRD and EDX analyses revealed that the NiO nanoparticles exhibit a face-centered-cubic lattice structure with a crystallite size of 9–12 nm. The formation of a highly pure spinel-type Co3O4 phase with cubic structure showed that the Co3O4 nanoparticles have a sphere-like morphology with an average size of 8–10 nm. The XRD patterns of the CuO confirmed that the monoclinic phase with the average diameter of the spherical nanoparticles was approximately 9–15 nm.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone by Chemical Activation with Potassium Hydroxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahira Joshi ◽  
Bhadra Prasad Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from Lapsi seed stone by chemical activation with Potassium hydroxide at 400°C. The AC was characterized by pH, moisture content, Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), methylene blue (MB) and iodine (I2) number. FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of various oxygen containing functional groups on the surface of AC. SEM images show the highly porous characteristics of AC with full of cavities. The Iodine number of AC revealed that the AC was found to be highly micro-porous. The adsorption of methylene blue by prepared AC was analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm with monolayer adsorption capacity 158 mg/g. The analysis showed that the AC prepared from Lapsi seed stone activated with potassium hydroxide could be a low-cost adsorbent with favorable surface properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10673Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 79–88

A functionalized tannin-chitosan bentonite composite with superior adsorption capacity for Cr(VI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongmin Li ◽  
Peng Zou ◽  
Junzhou Yang ◽  
Miaoyang Huang ◽  
Linye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
System Part ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns

AbstractA novel functionalized tannin-chitosan bentonite composite (TCBC) was successfully synthesized. The formation of the composite was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The pHpzc of TCBC was 3.38. The influences such as pH, dosage of TCBC, temperature and initial Cr(VI) concentration on adsorption capacity were investigated. The experimental data indicated that the almost saturated adsorption of the TCBC towards Cr(VI) in 100 min. The maximum adsorption capacity was 262.08 mg/g at 333 K with initial pH = 2.5. The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) on TCBC followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The isothermal data were well described by the models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin. The results revealed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on TCBC existed comprehensive effects and mainly belong to the chemisorption. The TCBC could keep good performances (qe = 192.17 mg/g) in five runs, 1 M NaOH was used as eluent for desorption, which showed a high desorption efficiency. Studies showed TCBC prepared with low cost and green raw materials, and simple green preparation technology had high adsorption capacity, good reusability and acidic tolerance. By exploring the Cr(VI)-Cr(III) hybrid system, part of Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) and adsorbed by TCBC. The optimal adsorption pH of Cr(III) was 5.0.

PVDF-PAn Co-Polymer with High Permittivity Fabricated by Emulsion Polymerization

2009 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 512-517
Author(s):  
Yan Guo ◽  
D.B. Luo ◽  
Dong Pan ◽  
Han Xing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Fine Property ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns

With eEmploying dichloromethane as solvent, sodium dodecanesulphonate as surface active agent, ammonium persulphate as oxidizer, PAn was introduced into PVDF and co-polymer with high relative permittivity reaching to 280 was obtained by emulsion polymerization. By detecting the structural information and electrical property through FT-IR, XRD, SEM, informations about the co-polymers were presented and in this paper. By adjusting the quantity of aniline in polymerization and the concentrations of protonic acid in the post processing, polymers with different electric properties could bewere compared and analyzed. It was The SEM images and XRD patterns showed the crystallization and microstructure information of the co-polymers in comparison. Particularly, the SEM images showed that the PVDF-PAn co-polymers had homogeneous properties in certain constitute range and as a result of emulsion, spherical PAn-PVDF media was fabricated. After robber mixing procedure at certain temperature, the PAn had a relatively average-fine dissolving in the PVDF, which overcame the difficulty of dissolving PAn oin other substrateance. This ensured the fine property for the matrix material in composites. The XRD pattern showed, wWith the increasing of the introduction quantity of PAn, the crystallization of the entire material complex had been raised greatly.

scholarly journals Rietveld refinement, morphology and optical properties of (Ba1−xSrx)MoO4crystals

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1434-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Nogueira ◽  
L. S. Cavalcante ◽  
P. F. S. Pereira ◽  
M. M. de Jesus ◽  
J. M. Rivas Mercury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Rietveld Refinement ◽  
Structural Refinement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Ft Raman

In this article, the structural refinement, morphology and optical properties of barium strontium molybdate [(Ba1−xSrx)MoO4withx= 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1] crystals, synthesized by the co-precipitation (drop-by-drop) method, are reported. The crystals obtained were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, and Fourier transform–Raman (FT–Raman) and Fourier transform–infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopies. The shapes of the crystals were observed by means of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The optical properties were investigated using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. XRD patterns, Rietveld refinement, and FT–Raman and FT–IR spectra showed that all of the crystals are monophasic with a scheelite-type tetragonal structure. The refined lattice parameters and atomic positions were employed to model the [BaO8], [SrO8] and [MoO4] clusters in the tetragonal lattices. The FE-SEM images indicate that increasedxcontent produces a decrease in the crystal size and modifications in the crystal shape. UV–Vis spectra indicated a decrease in the optical band gap with an increase inxin the (Ba1−xSrx)MoO4crystals. Finally, a decrease in the intensity of PL emission is apparent with an increase inxup to 0.75 in the (Ba1−xSrx)MoO4crystal lattice when excited by a wavelength of 350 nm, probably associated with the degree of structural order–disorder.

Quince Seed Mucilage Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Plasmid DNA Delivery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
bahar Nikforouz ◽  
alireza allafchian ◽  
Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali ◽  
Hamideh Shakeripour ◽  
Rezvan Mohammadinezhad
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Seed Mucilage

Abstract This study investigates the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and quince seed mucilage (QSM) as combined genetic carriers to deliver plasmid DNA (pDNA) through the gastrointestinal system. The samples are characterized by XRD, zeta potential, DLS, FT-IR spectroscopy, FE-SEM and VSM. The stability of pDNA loading on the nanocarriers and their release pattern are evaluated in simulated gastrointestinal environments by electrophoresis. The XRD patterns reveal that the nanocarriers could preserve their structure during various synthesis levels. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of the Fe3O4 cores are 56.48 emu/g without any magnetic hysteresis. Not only does the loaded pDNA contents experience a remarkable stability in the simulated gastric environment, but also, they could be released up to 99% when exposed to an alkaline environment similar to the intestinal fluid of fish. The results indicate that the synthesized nanoparticles could be employed as efficient low-cost pDNA carriers.

Simulation of the XRD patterns, structural properties of a synthetic Na-Hectorite exchanged Cu2+and Ca2+

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (suppl_26) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
M. S. Karmous ◽  
W. Oueslati ◽  
H. Ben Rhaiem ◽  
J. L. Robert ◽  
A. Ben Haj Amara
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Xrd Patterns
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